Response of a Free-Standing or Anchored Explosive-Forming Assembly

1963 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-258
Author(s):  
F. A. Penning
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Elastic Base ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Compressive Loads ◽  
Length And Area ◽  
Explosive Forming ◽  
Explosive Property

This investigation considers an explosive-forming assembly where an elastic base is able to take compressive loads but cannot support tension. The release of the compression without restraint may result in an undesirable rebound of the assembly. Height of rebound is found for three different pressure pulse shapes—rectangular, triangular, and exponential. Length and area of anchoring bolts to restrain an assembly may be determined for a given bolt material. Also included are explosive property curves for TNT in water.

Comparison of Recovery and Recrystallization in Stainless Steel Following Plane-Wave Shock Loading and Explosive Forming

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 428-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Korbonski ◽  
L. E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Shock Pressure ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Aisi 304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Explosive Forming

Comparison of recovery rates in materials deformed by a unidimensional and two dimensional strains at strain rates in excess of 104 sec.−1 was performed on AISI 304 Stainless Steel. A number of unidirectionally strained foil samples were deformed by shock waves at graduated pressure levels as described by Murr and Grace. The two dimensionally strained foil samples were obtained from radially expanded cylinders by a constant shock pressure pulse and graduated strain as described by Foitz, et al.

Study on the Effects of Shock Wave Propagation on Explosive Forming

2013 ◽  
Vol 767 ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Iyama ◽  
Yoshikazu Higa ◽  
Shigeru Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Underwater Shock Wave ◽  
Pressure Transmission ◽  
Underwater Shock ◽  
Explosive Forming ◽  
Primary Shock

Explosive forming is one of the unconventional techniques, in which, most commonly, the water is used as the pressure transmission medium. The explosive is set at the top of the pressure vessel filled with water, and is detonated by an electric detonator. The underwater shock wave propagates through the water medium and impinges on the metal plate, which in turn, deforms. There is another pressure pulse acting on the metal plate as the secondary by product of the expansion of the gas generated by detonation of explosive. The secondary pressure pulse duration is longer and the peak pressure is lower than the primary shock pressure. However, the intensity of these pressure pulse is based also on the conditions of a pressure vessel. In order to understand the effects of the configuration of the pressure vessel on the deformation of a metal plate, numerical simulation was performed. This paper reports those results.

The Effect of Pressure Vessel in Explosive Forming

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Iyama ◽  
K. Raghukandan ◽  
Shiro Nagano ◽  
Shigeru Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Underwater Shock Wave ◽  
Pressure Transmission ◽  
Underwater Shock ◽  
Explosive Forming ◽  
Primary Shock

Explosive forming is one of the unconventional techniques, in which, most commonly, the water is used as the pressure transmission medium. The explosive is set at the top of the pressure vessel filled with water, and is detonated by an electric detonator. The underwater shock wave propagates through the water medium and impinges on the metal plate, which in turn, deforms. There is another pressure pulse acting on the metal plate as the secondary by product of the expansion of the gas generated by detonation of explosive. The secondary pressure pulse duration is longer and the peak pressure is lower than the primary shock pressure. However, the intensity of these pressure pulse is based also on the conditions of a pressure vessel. In order to understand the influence of the configuration of the pressure vessel on the deformation of a metal plate, numerical analysis was performed. This paper reports those results.

Study on Explosive Forming Using Pressure Vessel and Metal Die

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Iyama ◽  
Shigeru Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Underwater Shock Wave ◽  
Distribution Shape ◽  
Underwater Shock ◽  
Explosive Forming ◽  
Primary Shock

Explosive forming is one particular forming technique, in which, most commonly, water is used as the pressure transmission medium. An explosive is set at the top of the pressure vessel filled with water and is exploded by an electric detonator. An underwater shock wave propagates through the water medium and impinges on the metal plate causing it deformation. If a metal die is used, the metal plate deforms to a specified form. Generally, explosive forming has little spring back of the metal plate, because sufficient plastic deformation is obtained. There are two pressure actions to the metal plate on explosive forming. The first pressure pulse is from the shock loading and the second pressure pulse is caused by the expansion gas generated by the detonation of the explosive. The secondary pressure pulse duration is longer, but the peak pressure is lower than the primary shock pressure. The intensity of the pressure pulse is based on the conditions of the pressure vessel. We have also been using the metal die for explosive forming. The deformation shape of the metal plate is effected by a distribution shape of shock loading. In this technique, the pressure vessel has a desired internal shape. The pressure vessel has an internal shape of a parabola. In order to understand the deformation mechanism of the metal plate, some experiments and numerical analysis were carried out.

Body balance in a free-standing position in road and off-road cyclists

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Hebisz ◽  
Rafal Hebisz ◽  
Marek Zaton
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Body Balance ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Road Cycling ◽  
Progressive Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Road Cyclists

AbstractBackground: The purpose of this study was to compare body balance in road and off-road cyclists, immediately before and after the racing season.Material/Methods: Twenty individuals participated in the study and they were divided into two groups: specialists in road-cycling (n = 10) and in off-road cycling (n = 10). Immediately before and after the five-month racing season stabilographic trials were carried out (at rest and after progressive exercise). In assessing body balance the distance and velocity of the centre shifts (in the anterior-posterior and left-right direction) were analysed. The tests were performed with the cyclists’ eyes open, eyes closed, and in feedback.Results: After the racing season, in the off-road cyclists’ group, distance and velocity of the centre of pressure shifts increased after a progressive exercise.Conclusions: In the off-road cyclists’ group the balance of the body in the sagittal plane deteriorated after the racing season. Moreover, after the racing season off-road cyclists were characterized by a worse balance of the body, compared to road cyclists

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