Grinding With Abrasive Disks: Part 2—Disk Performance and Dressing Mechanisms

1962 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-450
Author(s):  
W. A. Mohun
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Grain Orientation ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Total Weight

Performance data for 24-grit aluminum oxide disks on mild steel and on stainless steel are presented. The dressing mechanisms are shown to be different on mild steel and on stainless steel since the whole grit is the cutting tool on mild steel while micropoints are the cutting tools on stainless steel. It is shown that the total weight of metal removed during the life of the disk depends primarily on how long the dressing mechanism continues to function, and that erect grain orientation favors dressing on mild steel but is not a factor in dressing on stainless steel.

scholarly journals Optimisation of Cutting Tool and Cutting Parameters in Face Milling of Custom 450 through the Taguchi Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harun Gokce
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Cutting Tool Wear ◽  
Wide Range

Stainless steels with unique corrosion resistance are used in applications with a wide range of fields, especially in the medical, food, and chemical sectors, to maritime and nuclear power plants. The low heat conduction coefficient and the high mechanical properties make the workability of stainless steel materials difficult and cause these materials to be in the class of hard-to-process materials. In this study, suitable cutting tools and cutting parameters were determined by the Taguchi method taking surface roughness and cutting tool wear into milling of Custom 450 martensitic stainless steel. Four different carbide cutting tools, with 40, 80, 120, and 160 m/min cutting speeds and 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 mm/rev feed rates, were selected as cutting parameters for the experiments. Surface roughness values and cutting tool wear amount were determined as a result of the empirical studies. ANOVA was performed to determine the significance levels of the cutting parameters on the measured values. According to ANOVA, while the most effective cutting parameter on surface roughness was the feed rate (% 50.38), the cutting speed (% 81.15) for tool wear was calculated.

The Development of Special Drills for High-Efficient Drilling Austenitic Stainless Steel Part I: Drill Comparison and Experiment Research

2006 ◽  
Vol 315-316 ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Liu ◽  
Ming Chen ◽  
Lu Lu Jing ◽  
Z.G. Hu ◽  
X.F. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Helix Angle ◽  
Drilling Performance ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Cutting Point

Austenitic stainless steel is a kind of difficult-to-cut material widely utilized in various industry fields. But cutting tools is the uppermost obstacle in the application of high efficient and precise machining of austenitic stainless steel. Drill is the one of the most complicated universal cutting tools, whose geometry structure influences greatly on drilling performance. So the development of special drills is imperative for high-efficient drilling. This paper presented the optimal geometrical characteristics of the special drills, with138° point angle and 38° helix angle, for high-efficient drilling austenitic stainless steel. The drilling performance has been evaluated completely and comprehensively through the experiments including measuring cutting deformation coefficient, thrust force, torque, cutting temperature near the cutting point, cutting tool life, drill wear mechanism and so on. The special drill indicated appreciated cutting performance during drilling austenitic stainless steel with high efficiency. Compared to the commercial available standard drill with 118° point angle and 32° helix angle, the cutting tool life of the special drill was 1.6 times of the standard drill and the special drill yielded good performance of chip evacuation, good wear resistance and great drilling quality.

Grinding With Abrasive Disks: Part 3—Attritious Camber, Glazing, and Rate of Cut

1962 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Mohun
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Grain Orientation ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Total Metal ◽  
Worn Surface

It is shown that the worn surface of a grit has a camber which causes decreasing depth of cut, leading to glazing. Orthogonal cutting theory is modified accordingly and equations are developed for rate of cut and for total metal removed. It is shown that erect grain orientation favors high rate of cut on mild steel but is not a major factor in rate of cut on stainless steel. It is predicted that decreasing the number of active grits will improve disk performance up to the point where dressing becomes excessive.

scholarly journals Tool Life Prediction of Ti [C,N] Mixed Alumina Ceramic Cutting Tool Using Gradient Descent Algorithm on Machining Martensitic Stainless Steel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senthil Kumar A ◽  
Joseph Daniel S
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Gradient Descent ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Alumina Ceramic ◽  
Descent Algorithm ◽  
Gradient Descent Algorithm ◽  
Life Model

In automated manufacturing systems, most of the manufacturing processes including machining are automated. Automatic tool change is one of the important parameters for reducing manufacturing lead time. Ceramic cutting tools are used to machine hard materials. Ti[C,N] mixed alumina ceramic cutting tools are widely used to machine hardened steel and Stainless Steel due to its superior mechanical properties. Martensitic stainless steel has wide applications in screws, bolts, nuts and other engineering applications. Machining studies on Martensitic Stainless Steel was conducted using Ti[C,N] mixed alumina ceramic cutting tool. Tool life was evaluated using flank wear criterion. The tool life obtained from experimental machining process was taken as training dataset and test dataset for machine learning. Using the dataset obtained from experimental machining tool life model has been developed using Gradient Descent algorithm. The model was validated using co-efficient of determination. The accuracy of the machine learning model was tested using the test data and 99.83% accuracy was obtained. Tool life model based on Gradient Descent Algorithm was successfully implemented for the tool life of Ti[C,N] mixed alumina ceramic cutting tool.Keywords: keyword 1; keyword 2; keyword 3 (List three to ten pertinent keywords specific to the article; yet reasonably common within the subject discipline.)

Comparison of Process Parameters on Mild Steel and SS304 Through Statistical Analysis of Optimization Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 888-893
Author(s):  
Vinit Kumar ◽  
Mazhar Hussain ◽  
Rajnish Singh ◽  
Shashank Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Stainless Steel 304

The present study concentrated on the variation of process parameters on metal removal rate (MRR) used in turning of widely used material (stainless steel 304 and Mild steel). Turning is essential and robust process of material removal in the form of chips. The Turning process involved lots of process parameters as tool geometry, feed rate, rotational speed of job and rigidity of machine tools etc. In the present work study was done on the following cutting parameters as cutting speed (85,150 and 250 rpm), feed rate (0.13, 0.28 and 0.15, 0.09 mm/sec), depth of cut (0.4, 0.7 and 1 mm). The three label orthogonal array for process parameters were selected for metal removal rate analysis. The carbide tipped cutting tool was selected as cutting tool of positive rake angle. The analysis of process parameters was done through Minitab 17 software. The orthogonal array was selected 3*3; by the use of signal to noise (S/N) ratio is to minimise the variation due to uncontrolled parameters with the help of Taguchi method. Total nine experiments were performing on stainless steel and other set of nine experiments were perform on the mild steel. The experimental results reveals that moderate cutting speed 150 rpm, 0.09 mm/sec feed rate and 1 mm depth of cut yield good results for stainless steel 304 grade and mild steel.

Effect of Variable Pitch on Cutting Temperature, Cutting Forces and Surface Roughness Using Nitico30 Cutting Tool when End Milling of Stainless Steel 316L

2017 ◽  
Vol 909 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Afiff Latif ◽  
Mohd Rasidi Ibrahim ◽  
Mohammad Sukri Mustapa ◽  
Noor Hakim Rafai ◽  
Charles Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Variable Pitch

In this paper, a series of milling tests were carried out in order to identify the effects of variable pitch on cutting temperature, cutting force and surface roughness while end milling the stainless steel 316L using Nitico30 and conventional cutting tools. Slot-milling operations were conducted. The value of feed rate were choose between the range recommended by the manufactured for the both conventional and Nitico30 cutting tool. The effect of variable pitch on cutting temperature, cutting forces and surface roughness were discussed. Results showed that the cutting temperature increase with the increase of feed rate for both cutting tool. Further increasing the speed of feed rate, the cutting forces also gradually increase for both cutting tool. However, the comparison between both cutting tools, it was found that the cutting temperature, cutting force and surface roughness improve about 47.8%, 37.5% and 17.6% respectively for Nitico30 cutting tool.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation into Residual Stress During Turning Operation for Stainless Steel AISI 316

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (12A) ◽  
pp. 1862-1870
Author(s):  
Safa M. Lafta ◽  
Maan A. Tawfiq
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Turning Operation ◽  
Aisi 316

RS (residual stresses) represent the main role in the performance of structures and machined parts. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of feed rate with constant cutting speed and depth of cut on residual stresses in orthogonal cutting, using Tungsten carbide cutting tools when machining AISI 316 in turning operation. AISI 316 stainless steel was selected in experiments since it is used in many important industries such as chemical, petrochemical industries, power generation, electrical engineering, food and beverage industry. Four feed rates were selected (0.228, 0.16, 0.08 and 0.065) mm/rev when cutting speed is constant 71 mm/min and depth of cutting 2 mm. The experimental results of residual stresses were (-15.75, 12.84, 64.9, 37.74) MPa and the numerical results of residual stresses were (-15, 12, 59, and 37) MPa. The best value of residual stresses is (-15.75 and -15) MPa when it is in a compressive way. The results showed that the percentage error between numerical by using (ABAQUS/ CAE ver. 2017) and experimental work measured by X-ray diffraction is range (2-15) %.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cutting-Tool Coating on the Surface Roughness and Hole Dimensional Tolerances during Drilling of Al6061-T651 Alloy

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1783
Author(s):  
Hamza A. Al-Tameemi ◽  
Thamir Al-Dulaimi ◽  
Michael Oluwatobiloba Awe ◽  
Shubham Sharma ◽  
Danil Yurievich Pimenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Statistical Design Of Experiments ◽  
Hole Quality ◽  
Coated Tools ◽  
Tool Coating

Aluminum alloys are soft and have low melting temperatures; therefore, machining them often results in cut material fusing to the cutting tool due to heat and friction, and thus lowering the hole quality. A good practice is to use coated cutting tools to overcome such issues and maintain good hole quality. Therefore, the current study investigates the effect of cutting parameters (spindle speed and feed rate) and three types of cutting-tool coating (TiN/TiAlN, TiAlN, and TiN) on the surface finish, form, and dimensional tolerances of holes drilled in Al6061-T651 alloy. The study employed statistical design of experiments and ANOVA (analysis of variance) to evaluate the contribution of each of the input parameters on the measured hole-quality outputs (surface-roughness metrics Ra and Rz, hole size, circularity, perpendicularity, and cylindricity). The highest surface roughness occurred when using TiN-coated tools. All holes in this study were oversized regardless of the tool coating or cutting parameters used. TiN tools, which have a lower coating hardness, gave lower hole circularity at the entry and higher cylindricity, while TiN/TiAlN and TiAlN seemed to be more effective in reducing hole particularity when drilling at higher spindle speeds. Finally, optical microscopes revealed that a built-up edge and adhesions were most likely to form on TiN-coated tools due to TiN’s chemical affinity and low oxidation temperature compared to the TiN/TiAlN and TiAlN coatings.

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