Survey of Various Special Tests Used to Determine Elastic, Plastic, and Rupture Properties of Metals at Elevated Temperatures

1960 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Garofalo
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Metals And Alloys ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Rupture Properties ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Rupture Behavior ◽  
Hot Hardness

Testing techniques employed in determining the elastic moduli, that is, Young’s modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio, at room and elevated temperatures are described. These techniques depend on static or dynamic measurements. A comparison and an analysis of test results determined by these two methods are presented. The effect of composition, grain size, and various transformations on the elastic moduli or their temperature dependence is discussed. A review of techniques and experimental data on the effect of high strain rates on plastic and rupture behavior of metals, and alloys at elevated temperatures is presented. It is shown that recovery effects explain qualitatively the results obtained. A brief description of the various stages of recovery is also presented. The variation of hardness with temperature is discussed for pure metals and alloys, including a description of a typical hot-hardness tester. The relationship between hardness and tensile strength, creep, and creep-rupture behavior is briefly summarised. The use of the hot-hardness tester as a research tool for following solid-state reactions at elevated temperatures is discussed. These reactions may depend on temperature, time, or plastic strain or a combination of these.

scholarly journals Creep rupture properties of bare and coated polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy Rene®80

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-36
Author(s):  
M.M. Barjesteh ◽  
S.M. Abbasi ◽  
K.Z. Madar ◽  
K. Shirvani
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Creep Rupture ◽  
Polycrystalline Nickel ◽  
Creep Life ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy ◽  
Platinum Aluminide ◽  
Rupture Properties ◽  
Low Activity ◽  
Rupture Behavior

Creep deformation is one of the life time limiting reasons for gas turbine parts that are subjected to stresses at elevated temperatures. In this study, creep rupture behavior of uncoated and platinum-aluminide coated Rene?80 has been determined at 760?C/657 MPa, 871?C/343 MPa and 982?C/190 Mpa in air. For this purpose, an initial layer of platinum with a thickness of 6?m was applied on the creep specimens. Subsequently, the aluminizing were formed in the conventional pack cementation method via the Low Temperature-High Activity (LTHA) and High Temperature-Low Activity (HTLA) processes. Results of creep-rupture tests showed a decrease in resistance to creep rupture of coated specimen, compared to the uncoated ones. The reductions in rupture lives in LTHA and HTLA methods at 760?C/657 MPa, 871?C/343 MPa and 982?C/190 MPa were almost (26% and 41.8%), (27.6% and 38.5%) and (22.4% and 40.3%), respectively as compared to the uncoated ones. However, the HTLA aluminizing method showed an intense reduction in creep life. Results of fractographic studies on coated and uncoated specimens indicated a combination of ductile and brittle failure mechanisms for all samples. Although, the base failure mode in substrate was grain boundary voids, cracks initiated from coating at 760?C/657MPa and 871?C/343. No cracking in the coating was observed at 982?C/190MPa.

ALLEGHENY B-47

Alloy Digest ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Hot Work Steel ◽  
Hot Hardness

Abstract ALLEGHENY B-47 is a chromium, tungsten, cobalt, vanadium hot work steel that has excellent resistance to shock and abrasion at elevated temperatures. It has good hot hardness. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-70. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum Corporation. Originally published May 1958, revised December 1961.

CANNON-MUSKEGON H19

Alloy Digest ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Hot Work Tool Steel ◽  
Hot Hardness

Abstract CANNON-MUSKEGON H-19 is an air-hardening, tough, hot-work tool steel that has excellent resistance to shock and abrasion at elevated temperatures while maintaining good hot hardness. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-244. Producer or source: Cannon-Muskegon Corporation.

Electric-Field Effects on Reactions Between Oxides

1997 ◽  
Vol 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Johnson ◽  
Shelley R. Gilliss ◽  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Ionic Current ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Interfacial Stability ◽  
Electric Field Effects ◽  
Thin Film Diffusion ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

ABSTRACTThin films of In2O3 and Fe2O3 have been deposited on (001) MgO using pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). These thin-film diffusion couples were then reacted in an applied electric field at elevated temperatures. In this type of solid-state reaction, both the reaction rate and the interfacial stability are affected by the transport properties of the reacting ions. The electric field provides a very large external driving force that influences the diffusion of the cations in the constitutive layers. This induced ionic current causes changes in the reaction rates, interfacial stability and distribution of the phases. Through the use of electron microscopy techniques the reaction kinetics and interface morphology have been investigated in these spinel-forming systems, to gain a better understanding of the influence of an electric field on solid-state reactions.

Effects of Elevated Temperatures on the Compressive Strength of HFCC

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Ping Jia ◽  
Heng Lin Lv ◽  
Yi Bing Sun ◽  
Bu Yu Cao ◽  
Shi Ning Ding
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Ordinary Concrete ◽  
Residual Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash Concrete ◽  
The Relationship

This paper presents the results of elevated temperatures on the compressive of high fly ash content concrete (HFCC). The specimens were prepared with three different replacements of cement by fly ash 30%, 40% and 50% by mass and the residual compressive strength was tested after exposure to elevated temperature 250, 450, 550 and 650°C and room temperature respectively. The results showed that the compressive strength apparently decreased with the elevated temperature increased. The presence of fly ash was effective for improvement of the relative strength, which was the ratio of residual compressive strength after exposure to elevated temperature and ordinary concrete. The relative compressive strength of fly ash concrete was higher than those of ordinary concrete. Based on the experiments results, the alternating simulation formula to determine the relationship among relative strength, elevated temperature and fly ash replacement is developed by using regression of results, which provides the theoretical basis for the evaluation and repair of HFCC after elevated temperature.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF DEFORMATION PROCESSES OF MAGNESIUM ALLOY AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES BY ORIENTATION MAPPING

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Yang ◽  
Li Meng ◽  
Yisong Hu ◽  
Zude Zhao ◽  
Xueping Ren
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Plastic Slip ◽  
Rotation Axes ◽  
Orientation Mapping ◽  
Back Scattering ◽  
Deformation Processes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Orientation mapping based on electron back scattering diffraction technique was applied to reveal the distributions of disorientations and rotation axes of grains caused by plastic slip and twinning during channel die compression in magnesium alloy ZA31. In addition, the orientations of dynamically recrystallized grains and deformed grains were separated and compared with respect to their initial textures. The relationship of strain and {1012} twin amount was determined quantitatively by referring to twin orientations. The reasons leading to the observed phenomena are analyzed and discussed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Elemental Composition and Nanostructure of Multilayer Composite Coatings on Their Tribological Properties at Elevated Temperatures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Vereschaka ◽  
Sergey Grigoriev ◽  
Vladimir Tabakov ◽  
Mars Migranov ◽  
Nikolay Sitnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Multilayer Composite ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tribological Parameters ◽  
Adhesion Component

The chapter discusses the tribological properties of samples with multilayer composite nanostructured Ti-TiN-(Ti,Cr,Al,Si)N, Zr-ZrN-(Nb,Zr,Cr,Al)N, and Zr-ZrN-(Zr,Al,Si)N coatings, as well as Ti-TiN-(Ti,Al,Cr)N, with different values of the nanolayer period λ. The relationship between tribological parameters, a temperature varying within a range of 20–1000°C, and λ was investigated. The studies have found that the adhesion component of the coefficient of friction (COF) varies nonlinearly with a pronounced extremum depending on temperature. The value of λ has a noticeable influence on the tribological properties of the coatings, and the nature of the mentioned influence depends on temperature. The tests found that for the coatings with all studied values of λ, an increase in temperature first caused an increase and then a decrease in COF.

HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION OF THIN SHEET STEEL 08KP IN AIR

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Nikolay M. BOCHAROV
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
High Temperature Corrosion ◽  
Metal Base ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Thin Sheet Steel

The study of the nature of high-temperature corrosion of metals is one of the tasks in substantiating the relevance of the use of corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant coatings and barrier layers obtained on the basis of the natural oxidation process. The article presents the gradation of oxidation of surfaces of 08kp thin-sheet steel at diff erent temperature-time parameters of one cycle “heating-cooling”. To regulate the processing modes and register thermal eff ects, a diff erential thermal analysis device was used. It is shown that the eff ect of elevated temperatures on steel in air at atmospheric pressure triggers an intensive growth of scale, which peels off from the metal base and breaks down. After descaling on the steel surface, in addition to blue tarnishing, in some cases, fi lms of a red tint were found. Based on the data of diff erential thermal analysis, an att empt was made to separate and interpret transformations related directly to steel and to reactions in scale associated with iron oxides.

Temporal Reference of Manifest Dream Content

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1253-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Verdone
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Temporal Reference ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Cumulative Amount ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temperature Time

210 EEG Stage 1 rapid eye movement period (REMP) awakenings were made during 40 nights of sleep to study the relationship between variations in dream reports and hypothesized correlates of such variations. Data analysis was done on an intra-individual basis with significance level being determined by the combined results of all 4 Ss. Non-contemporaneousness of temporal reference of manifest dream content, goodness of recall for dream content, vividness of dream experience, and emotionality of dream experience were positively related to cumulative amount of prior time spent in bed (time in bed) and were negatively related to body temperature. Time in bed and body temperature were not significantly related to each other.

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