Effects of Interrupted Quenching Procedures on Properties of Type 410 Stainless Steel

1961 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-556
Author(s):  
J. Bressanelli ◽  
J. Hoke
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Martensite Transformation ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Subsequent Tempering ◽  
The Impact

The impact strength of hardened Type 410 stainless steel is known to be adversely affected when the steel is tempered between 750 and 1050 F. However, a desirable combination of other properties may be obtained by tempering within this range. An investigation was performed to determine the extent of improvement in impact strength that may result from certain variations in heat-treating procedures. The hardening operation was studied thoroughly, and a large number of commercial heats was included in the program to establish the consistency of results. It was found that the cooling rate through the martensite transformation range has a significant effect upon the impact properties after subsequent tempering. Rapid cooling such as that which occurs during oil quenching is detrimental, but air cooling of 0.4-in-diameter bar samples was sufficiently slow to bring about a marked improvement. This improvement was present for samples tempered at all temperatures through 1000 F with the greatest degree of improvement occurring for samples tempered in the range of 700 to 900 F. No improvement was observed for samples tempered at 1100 F and above. Martempering procedures are particularly suited for taking advantage of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals On the influence of basic thermodynamics on thermal cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures in cooling tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Daniel Steiner ◽  
Bernhard Hofko
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Thermal Cracking ◽  
Radiation Condition ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Viscoelastic Parameters ◽  
The Impact

The cooling test or Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test (TSRST) simulates fully restrained pavements, as they occur in field for laboratory assessment of the thermal cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures. In the TSRST, cryogenic stress builds up due to cooling and prevented shrinkage until the tensile strength of the specimen is exceeded and the specimen fails by cracking. By carrying out TSRST various viscoelastic parameters, e.g. relaxation, evolution of tensile stresses, and tensile strength can be analyzed. Thus, a comprehensive view on the low temperature performance is possible. Standard TSRST is controlled by setting the cooling rate of the air within the chamber at a fixed value, e.g. -10°C/h. In thermodynamics, the actual cooling rate of objects is not only influenced by the cooling but also by external conditions like humidity, air velocity, radiation condition, etc. A current study investigates the impact of additional cooling parameters rather than just the air cooling rate. Two test machines of the same manufacturer that differ in the year of production and the setup of the climate chamber are compared. An initial wide scatter of test results from the two devices could be explained by taking thermodynamics into account and the reproducibility could be significantly enhanced.

Influence of Morphology on Mechanical Properties under the Combined Use of SEBS and EOr as Elastomer in PP/Elastomer/Filler Ternary Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 725-732
Author(s):  
Shigeki Hikasa ◽  
Kazuya Nagata ◽  
Yoshinobu Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Triblock Copolymer ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The influences of combined elastomers on impact properties and morphology of polypropylene (PP)/elastomer/CaCO3 ternary composites were investigated. In the case that polystyrene- block-poly(ethylene-butene)- block-polystyrene triblock copolymer (SEBS) and poly(ethylene- co-octene) (EOR) were used as elastomers, a sea-island structure consisting of EOR dispersed phase and SEBS continuous phase was formed. The elastomer and the CaCO3 particles were separately dispersed in PP matrix. In the case that carboxylated SEBS (C-SEBS) and EOR were used, the C-SEBS particles were dispersed in the EOR particles. Almost all of the CaCO3 particles were dispersed in the PP matrix, although some of the CaCO3 particles were dispersed in the C-SEBS/EOR combined particles. Impact strength improved with an increase of incorporated CaCO3 particles. The effect of elastomer on the impact strength was SEBS ≥ SEBS/EOR > EOR = C-SEBS/EOR > C-SEBS. The morphology formed by elastomer and CaCO3 particles strongly affected the impact properties of the ternary composites.

scholarly journals Impact strength of surface treated SS316L wires reinforced PMMA**

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-278
Author(s):  
Sarmad A. Ibrahim ◽  
Sadeq H. Lafta ◽  
Wafaa A. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wire Surface ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Cost Surface ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Graphite Rod ◽  
Bio Material

Abstract Stainless steel 316L (SS316L) as a significant bio-material, their wires were used to support the PMMA matrix. Two simple and low-cost surface pretreatments for SS316L wires were performed to enhance denture impact strength: mechanical scratching (treating SS316L wires with SiC powder inside a rotating container) and electrochemical anodizing. Three mechanical scratching samples for different periods of 60, 90 and 120min were prepared. Anodizing technique conditions were: Ethylene glycol with perchloric acid as an anodizing solution, 15V supplying and graphite rod as an anode. Anodizing process involved three pretreating periods of 15, 20, and 30min. All the prepared samples had dimensions of 65 × 10 × 3 mm. SEM technique showed different morphology nature involved holes, scratches and pores with a density of 104/μm2 and a crack length of 60μm. The PMMA reinforced with scratched stainless steel 316L wire surface for 120 min presented the highest impact strength value (42 kJ/m2) with (450.91%) increment. Anodizing samples showed a fluctuating behavior of samples with enhancing in the impact strength of anodizing wire for 20min of about 26.99 kJ/m2, which is still lower than that for scratched samples in average.

Influence of fibre loading and surface treatment on the impact strength of coir polyester composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (107) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
S. Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Coir Fibre ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Polyester Composites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fibre Loading

Purpose: In this work, coir fibre with varying fibre content was selected as reinforcements to prepare polymer-based matrices and the problem of reduced fibre-matrix interfacial bond strength has been diluted by chemical treatment of coir fibres with alkali solution. Design/methodology/approach: The effect of fibre loading, solution concentration and soaking time on the impact strength of the composites were analyzed using statistical techniques. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach was used to model and optimize the impact properties of coir-polyester composites. Findings: The impact strength of coir fibre reinforced polyester composite depends mainly on the fabrication parameters such as fibre-polyester content, soaking time, concentration of soaking agent and adhesive interaction between the fibre and reinforcement. Research limitations/implications: The mechanical properties of any coir polyester composite depend on the nature bonding between the fibre and reinforcement. The presence of cellulose, lignin on the periphery of any natural fibre reduces the bonding strength of the composite. This limitation is overcome by fibre treatment over sodium hydroxide to have better impact properties. Practical implications: Now days, natural fibre reinforced composites are capable of replacing automotive parts, subjected to static loads such as engine Guard, light doom, name plate, tool box and front panels etc. These materials can withstand any static load due to its higher strength to weight ratios. Originality/value: The effect of fibre loading, solution concentration and soaking time on the impact strength of the composites were analyzed using statistical techniques. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach was used to model and optimize the impact properties of coir-polyester composites. The impact strength of NaOH impregnated coir fibre reinforced polyester composites was evaluated.

scholarly journals Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of X6CrNiMoVNb11-2 Stainless Steel after Heat Treatment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5243
Author(s):  
Jia Fu ◽  
Chaoqi Xia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Martensite Phase ◽  
High Density ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Rocket Engines ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
The Impact

X6CrNiMoVNb11-2 supermartensitic stainless steel, a special type of stainless steel, is commonly used in the production of gas turbine discs in liquid rocket engines and compressor disks in aero engines. By optimizing the parameters of the heat-treatment process, its mechanical properties are specially adjusted to meet the performance requirement in that particular practical application during the advanced composite casting-rolling forming process. The relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties after quenching from 1040 °C and tempering at 300–670 °C was studied, where the yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and impact toughness under different cooling conditions are obtained by means of mechanical property tests. A certain amount of high-density nanophase precipitation is found in the martensite phase transformation through the heat treatment involved in the quenching and tempering processes, where M23C6 carbides are dispersed in lamellar martensite, with the close-packed Ni3Mo and Ni3Nb phases of high-density co-lattice nanocrystalline precipitation created during the tempering process. The ideal process parameters are to quench at 1040 °C in an oil-cooling medium and to temper at 650 °C by air-cooling; final hardness is averaged about 313 HV, with an elongation of 17.9%, the cross-area reduction ratio is 52%, and the impact toughness is about 65 J, respectively. Moreover, the tempered hardness equation, considering various tempering temperatures, is precisely fitted. This investigation helps us to better understand the strengthening mechanism and performance controlling scheme of martensite stainless steel during the cast-rolling forming process in future applications.

Experimental Study on the Impact Properties of Concrete Bridge Pier Reinforced with Stainless Steel Rebar

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 20160468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoxue Zhang ◽  
Ziqing Chen ◽  
Juan Lu ◽  
Shixiang Xu ◽  
Xiwu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Bridge Pier ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Steel Rebar ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Charpy Impact Properties of Hydrogen-Exposed 316L Stainless Steel at Ambient and Cryogenic Temperatures

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Thanh Hung Nguyen ◽  
Jae-Sik Hwang ◽  
Myung-Sung Kim ◽  
Jeong-Hyeon Kim ◽  
Seul-Kee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Cryogenic Temperatures ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
The Impact

316L stainless steel is a promising material candidate for a hydrogen containment system. However, when in contact with hydrogen, the material could be degraded by hydrogen embrittlement (HE). Moreover, the mechanism and the effect of HE on 316L stainless steel have not been clearly studied. This study investigated the effect of hydrogen exposure on the impact toughness of 316L stainless steel to understand the relation between hydrogen charging time and fracture toughness at ambient and cryogenic temperatures. In this study, 316L stainless steel specimens were exposed to hydrogen in different durations. Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact tests were conducted at ambient and low temperatures to study the effect of HE on the impact properties and fracture toughness of 316L stainless steel under the tested temperatures. Hydrogen analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted to find the effect of charging time on the hydrogen concentration and surface morphology, respectively. The result indicated that exposure to hydrogen decreased the absorbed energy and ductility of 316L stainless steel at all tested temperatures but not much difference was found among the pre-charging times. Another academic insight is that low temperatures diminished the absorbed energy by lowering the ductility of 316L stainless steel.

Effect of Various Welding Parameters on the Mechanical Behaviour of 316L Stainless Steel-Galvanized Steel Weld

2019 ◽  
Vol 969 ◽  
pp. 807-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Shreyas ◽  
Bijayani Panda ◽  
Rakesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Zinc Coating ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
The Impact

Several case studies have shown that welding of stainless steel to galvanized steel leads to evolution of zinc which can penetrate through the steel and result in cracking, the present study focuses on determination of the effect of zinc on the mechanical behaviour of such weld joints. Welding was carried out using two shielding gas combinations. The other variations in parameters were heat input and presence or absence of zinc coating at the weld location. Tensile tests showed that the ductility of weld specimen improved when the coating was stripped off the samples prior to welding. Impact strength of weld specimens also followed similar trend. The impact strength was found to be improved when welding was done using Ar+2%He+2%O2 as shielding gas. The compressive strength was found to be similar. To explain the mechanical behaviour of the welded specimen, microstructural characterization of the weld region was carried out.

scholarly journals Flexural and Impact Properties of Biopolymer Derived from Sugar Palm Tree

2013 ◽  
Vol 701 ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Japar Sahari ◽  
S.M. Sapuan ◽  
Edi Syam Zainudin ◽  
Md Abdul Maleque
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interior Part

The effect of glycerol concentration (15 w/w%, 20 w/w%, 30 w/w% and 40 w/w%) to the flexural and impact properties of plasticized sugar palm starch (SPS) was investigated in this present paper. Prior to the testing, the sugar palm starch extracted from the interior part of sugar palm stem was mixed with common glycerol (was used as a plasticizer) to form a novel biopolymer. The flexural and impact test were carried out according to ASTM D790 and ASTM 256 respectively. From this investigation, it is found that the 30% glycerol concentrated SPS biopolymer showed the highest flexural strength and flexural modulus with the value of 0.13 MPa and 87.54 MPa respectively. For the impact analysis, it is also found that same biopolymer showed the highest impact strength which is 6.13kJ/m2.

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