Quantitative metallography as a tool for predicting the impact strength of CF 8M stainless steel

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Morrow ◽  
B. R. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Quantitative Metallography ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact strength of surface treated SS316L wires reinforced PMMA**

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-278
Author(s):  
Sarmad A. Ibrahim ◽  
Sadeq H. Lafta ◽  
Wafaa A. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wire Surface ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Cost Surface ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Graphite Rod ◽  
Bio Material

Abstract Stainless steel 316L (SS316L) as a significant bio-material, their wires were used to support the PMMA matrix. Two simple and low-cost surface pretreatments for SS316L wires were performed to enhance denture impact strength: mechanical scratching (treating SS316L wires with SiC powder inside a rotating container) and electrochemical anodizing. Three mechanical scratching samples for different periods of 60, 90 and 120min were prepared. Anodizing technique conditions were: Ethylene glycol with perchloric acid as an anodizing solution, 15V supplying and graphite rod as an anode. Anodizing process involved three pretreating periods of 15, 20, and 30min. All the prepared samples had dimensions of 65 × 10 × 3 mm. SEM technique showed different morphology nature involved holes, scratches and pores with a density of 104/μm2 and a crack length of 60μm. The PMMA reinforced with scratched stainless steel 316L wire surface for 120 min presented the highest impact strength value (42 kJ/m2) with (450.91%) increment. Anodizing samples showed a fluctuating behavior of samples with enhancing in the impact strength of anodizing wire for 20min of about 26.99 kJ/m2, which is still lower than that for scratched samples in average.

Effects of Interrupted Quenching Procedures on Properties of Type 410 Stainless Steel

1961 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-556
Author(s):  
J. Bressanelli ◽  
J. Hoke
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Martensite Transformation ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Subsequent Tempering ◽  
The Impact

The impact strength of hardened Type 410 stainless steel is known to be adversely affected when the steel is tempered between 750 and 1050 F. However, a desirable combination of other properties may be obtained by tempering within this range. An investigation was performed to determine the extent of improvement in impact strength that may result from certain variations in heat-treating procedures. The hardening operation was studied thoroughly, and a large number of commercial heats was included in the program to establish the consistency of results. It was found that the cooling rate through the martensite transformation range has a significant effect upon the impact properties after subsequent tempering. Rapid cooling such as that which occurs during oil quenching is detrimental, but air cooling of 0.4-in-diameter bar samples was sufficiently slow to bring about a marked improvement. This improvement was present for samples tempered at all temperatures through 1000 F with the greatest degree of improvement occurring for samples tempered in the range of 700 to 900 F. No improvement was observed for samples tempered at 1100 F and above. Martempering procedures are particularly suited for taking advantage of this phenomenon.

Effect of Various Welding Parameters on the Mechanical Behaviour of 316L Stainless Steel-Galvanized Steel Weld

2019 ◽  
Vol 969 ◽  
pp. 807-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Shreyas ◽  
Bijayani Panda ◽  
Rakesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Zinc Coating ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
The Impact

Several case studies have shown that welding of stainless steel to galvanized steel leads to evolution of zinc which can penetrate through the steel and result in cracking, the present study focuses on determination of the effect of zinc on the mechanical behaviour of such weld joints. Welding was carried out using two shielding gas combinations. The other variations in parameters were heat input and presence or absence of zinc coating at the weld location. Tensile tests showed that the ductility of weld specimen improved when the coating was stripped off the samples prior to welding. Impact strength of weld specimens also followed similar trend. The impact strength was found to be improved when welding was done using Ar+2%He+2%O2 as shielding gas. The compressive strength was found to be similar. To explain the mechanical behaviour of the welded specimen, microstructural characterization of the weld region was carried out.

Impact Strength of Austenitic Stainless-Steel Welds at −320 F—Effects of Composition, Ferrite Content, and Heat-Treatment

1966 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Bennett ◽  
C. P. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Ferrite Content ◽  
310 Stainless Steel ◽  
Steel Welds ◽  
The Impact

A statistical evaluation has been made of the effect of weld rod composition, ferrite content, and heat-treatment upon the impact strength of certain austenitic stainless-steel welds in 304 stainless-steel plate at −320 F. The data indicate that suitable and approximately equivalent properties are obtained with 310 stainless-steel rod in the as-welded condition, type 308 stainless-steel rod in the as-welded condition (ferrite less than 6 percent), and 308L stainless-steel rod either as-welded or stress-relieved at 1750 F (ferrite less than 9 percent). The impact resistance of 310 stainless steel is adversely affected by stress relief, apparently due to carbide precipitation in this alloy. The 308 and 308L stainless-steel rods are both adversely affected by a stress relief at 1550 F, indicative of sigma formation. The carbon content in 308 stainless-steel rods apparently is not a major factor, as indicated by the lack of adverse effects with a 1750 F stress relief, from which the rate of cooling through the sensitizing range of 800 to 1500 F is identical with that in the 1500 F stress relief. The basic practical conclusion to be drawn from these data is that regular carbon 304 stainless steel welded with 308L stainless-steel rod can be used in cryogenic applications, and that the decision as to whether to stress relieve or not may be left to the mechanical engineer, subject only to the stipulation of a minimum stress-relieving temperature of 1750 F.

Расчетные методы оценки ударной вязкости сварных элементов с трещинами

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Crack Development ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Critical Crack Length ◽  
The Impact

Практика показывает, что для сварных конструкций, эксплуатируемых в условиях Крайнего Севера необходимо уделять внимание работоспособности сварных соединений при низких температурах. Металл сварных соединений в процессе воздействия обработки изменяет свои свойства, снижается ударная вязкость, образуется гетерогенная структура с большой степенью разнозернистости. Чтобы оценивать и иметь возможность правильно контролировать термическое воздействие и последствия сварочного процесса, требуется решить задачу аналитического определения ударной вязкости для всех зон сварного соединения. В настоящей статье представлен инженерный метод оценки ударной вязкости, применимый для любой зоны сварного соединения, в которой имеется острый или особый концентратор напряжений – трещина. Разработанный аналитический метод расчета ударной вязкости отражает качественную и количественную картину взаимосвязи структурно-механических характеристик и работы развития трещины в диапазоне температур 77…300 К. Предложенная схематизация зависимости критического коэффициента интенсивности напряжений от температуры позволила найти коэффициенты, характеризующие свойства материала, и выполнить расчеты изменения предела текучести и предела прочности от температуры эксплуатации. Построены графики зависимости работы развития трещины от температуры эксплуатации для сталей 15ГС и 17ГС, сравнение которых с экспериментальными данными показывает удовлетворительное согласование. Найдено, что при напряжениях предела выносливости отношение работы развития трещины к критической длине трещины постоянно, не зависит от температуры и для сталей 15ГС и 17ГС равно около 10. Ключевые слова: ударная вязкость, работа разрушения, коэффициент интенсивности напряжений, трещина, феррито-перлитная сталь, зона термического влияния. For welded structures under operation in the Far North, attention must be paid to the performance of welded joints at low temperatures. The properties of metal of welded joints are changed in the process of treatment, its toughness decreases, and a heterogeneous structure with a large range of different grain sizes is formed. In order to evaluate and be able to correctly control the thermal effect and the consequences of the welding process, it is necessary to solve the problem of analytical determination of impact strength for all zones of the welded joint. The paper presents an engineering method for evaluation of the impact strength applicable to any area of the welded joint in which there is a sharp or super sharp stress concentrator – a crack. The developed analytical method for calculating the impact strength reflects a qualitative and quantitative codependency of structural and mechanical characteristics and the process of crack development in the temperature range of 77–300 K. The proposed schematization of dependence of the critical coefficient of stress intensity on the temperature made it possible to find coefficients characterizing the properties of the material and to perform calculations of changes in yield strength and tensile strength on operating temperature. Graphs of the crack development process dependency on the operating temperature for 15ГС and 17ГС steels were constructed, and their comparison with experimental data displays satisfactory agreement. It was found that at endurance limit stresses, the ratio of the crack development process to the critical crack length is constant, non-dependent on temperature, and is equal to 10 for 15ГС and 17ГС steels. Keywords: impact strength, fracture work, stress intensity factor, crack, ferrite-pearlite steel, heat affected zone, steel tempering.

Impact Strength, Flexural Modulus and Wear Rate of PMMA Composites Reinforced by Eggshell Powders

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (7A) ◽  
pp. 960-966
Author(s):  
Aseel M. Abdullah ◽  
Hussein Jaber ◽  
Hanaa A. Al-Kaisy
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Pure Pmma ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interface Bond

In the present study, the impact strength, flexural modulus, and wear rate of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) with eggshell powder (ESP) composites have been investigated. The PMMA used as a matrix material reinforced with ESP at two different states (including untreated eggshell powder (UTESP) and treated eggshell powder (TESP)). Both UTESP and TESP were mixed with PMMA at different weight fractions ranged from (1-5) wt.%. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of the PMMA/ESP composites were enhanced steadily with increasing eggshell contents. The samples with 5 wt.% of UTESP and TESP additions give the maximum values of impact strength, about twice the value of the pure PMMA sample. The calcination process of eggshells powders gives better properties of the PMMA samples compared with the UTESP at the same weight fraction due to improvements in the interface bond between the matrix and particles. The wear characteristics of the PMMA composites decrease by about 57% with increases the weight fraction of TESP up to 5 wt.%. The flexural modulus values are slightly enhanced by increasing of the ESP contents in the PMMA composites.

Comparative analytical study of Ashuddha Karaveera and Shuddha Karaveera

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Apeksha D. Patil ◽  
Dhiraj B. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Foreign Matter ◽  
Steel Vessel ◽  
Mild Heat ◽  
Stainless Steel Vessel ◽  
The Impact

Karaveera (Cerebra thevetia Linn.) is reported under Upavisha Dravya in classical ayurvedic pharmacopeias. It is observed that Shodhana (purification procedures) of the mool should be carried out before its internal administration. There are different Shodhana methods mentioned in Ayurveda. In this study Godugdha was used as media. The impact of Shodhana was evaluated by physico analytical study. It clearly proves physico analytical changes during Shodhana. Ashuddha Karaveera was taken on white clean cloth and they dumped in Pottali with Godugdha. Pottali was tied to middle of wooden rod dipped in Godugdha in stainless steel vessel and mild heat given to pottali in Dolayantra. Shuddha Karaveera was obtained and then washed with leuk warm water and dried. Ashuddha Karaveera contains toxin in it which was removed after Shodhana process. So that foreign matter, loss on drying was less in Shuddha Karaveera and due to Shodhan process with Godugdha total ash, acid insoluble ash was more than that of Ashuddha Karaveera.

Evaluation of the Aging Behavior of High Density Polyethylene in Thermal Oxidative Environment by Principal Component Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
pp. 447-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Dai ◽  
Hua Yan ◽  
Jian Jian Yang ◽  
Jun Jun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
High Density ◽  
Aging Behavior ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Impact

To evaluate the aging behavior of high density polyethylene (HDPE) under an artificial accelerated environment, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to establish a non-dimensional expression Z from a data set of multiple degradation parameters of HDPE. In this study, HDPE samples were exposed to the accelerated thermal oxidative environment for different time intervals up to 64 days. The results showed that the combined evaluating parameter Z was characterized by three-stage changes. The combined evaluating parameter Z increased quickly in the first 16 days of exposure and then leveled off. After 40 days, it began to increase again. Among the 10 degradation parameters, branching degree, carbonyl index and hydroxyl index are strongly associated. The tensile modulus is highly correlated with the impact strength. The tensile strength, tensile modulus and impact strength are negatively correlated with the crystallinity.

scholarly journals X-ray Shielding, Mechanical, Physical, and Water Absorption Properties of Wood/PVC Composites Containing Bismuth Oxide

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2212
Author(s):  
Worawat Poltabtim ◽  
Ekachai Wimolmala ◽  
Teerasak Markpin ◽  
Narongrit Sombatsompop ◽  
Vichai Rosarpitak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Bismuth Oxide ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Equivalent Thickness ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Impact

The potential utilization of wood/polyvinyl chloride (WPVC) composites containing an X-ray protective filler, namely bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) particles, was investigated as novel, safe, and environmentally friendly X-ray shielding materials. The wood and Bi2O3 contents used in this work varied from 20 to 40 parts per hundred parts of PVC by weight (pph) and from 0 to 25, 50, 75, and 100 pph, respectively. The study considered X-ray shielding, mechanical, density, water absorption, and morphological properties. The results showed that the overall X-ray shielding parameters, namely the linear attenuation coefficient (µ), mass attenuation coefficient (µm), and lead equivalent thickness (Pbeq), of the WPVC composites increased with increasing Bi2O3 contents but slightly decreased at higher wood contents (40 pph). Furthermore, comparative Pbeq values between the wood/PVC composites and similar commercial X-ray shielding boards indicated that the recommended Bi2O3 contents for the 20 pph (40 ph) wood/PVC composites were 35, 85, and 40 pph (40, 100, and 45 pph) for the attenuation of 60, 100, and 150-kV X-rays, respectively. In addition, the increased Bi2O3 contents in the WPVC composites enhanced the Izod impact strength, hardness (Shore D), and density, but reduced water absorption. On the other hand, the increased wood contents increased the impact strength, hardness (Shore D), and water absorption but lowered the density of the composites. The overall results suggested that the developed WPVC composites had great potential to be used as effective X-ray shielding materials with Bi2O3 acting as a suitable X-ray protective filler.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document