Heat-to-Heat Variation in Creep Properties of Types 304 and 316 Stainless Steels

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Sikka ◽  
H. E. McCoy ◽  
M. K. Booker ◽  
C. R. Brinkman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
Creep Rupture ◽  
Creep Rupture Strength ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Type 304

A wide variation in creep-rupture and long-term creep properties of 20 heats of type 304 and seven heats of type 316 stainless steel was observed. The observed variation in 1000-hr creep-rupture strength, SRt, has been related to the corresponding ultimate tensile strength variation, Sur, by a relationship of the form: SRt=αexp(βSur), where α and β are material constants. This relationship between creep-rupture strength and ultimate tensile strength was further extended for minimum-expected 105-hr creep-rupture strength data reported in the literature. The heat-to-heat variation in ultimate tensile strength for both types 304 and 316 stailness steel was explained in terms of carbon plus nitrogen content and grain intercept, d, by a relationship of the form Sur = A(C + N)−1/2 + B, where A and B are constants for a given temperature. The time to onset of third-stage creep for various heats of type 304 and 316 stainless steel was related to time to rupture by relationships that are independent of test temperature, for test times reaching 22,622 hr.

Assessment of Tensile and Creep Data for Types 304 and 316 Stainless Steel

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Sikka ◽  
M. K. Booker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
316 Stainless Steel ◽  
States Data ◽  
Type 304 ◽  
Type 304 Stainless Steel

An evaluation is presented for variations in tensile and creep properties of types 304 and 316 stainless steels. United States data and data from two foreign countries, Japan (NRIM data) and Britain (BSCC data), were evaluated for different products separately and for the combined data on all products. United States data were shown to contain the largest variations in both tensile and creep properties, with Japanese data the least. For a given country no distinction could be made in variations in tensile properties of types 304 and 316 stainless steels but variations in standard error of estimate (SEE) for all creep properties analyzed were significantly lower for type 316 stainless steel than corresponding variations in creep properties of type 304 stainless steel. The data from each of these countries showed the same creep rupture strength (at 104 hr) for type 316 stainless steel; this was not true for type 304 stainless steel. Results of the analysis performed in this paper showed that the U. S. and foreign data on types 304 and 316 stainless steels could possibly be combined for the determination of design stress intensity limits.

Progress in the Design of an Improved High-Temperature 1 Percent CrMoV Rotor Steel

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Bodnar ◽  
J. R. Michael ◽  
S. S. Hansen ◽  
R. I. Jaffee
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
Temper Embrittlement ◽  
Creep Rupture ◽  
Rotor Steel ◽  
Creep Rupture Strength ◽  
Austenitizing Temperature ◽  
Creep Ductility

Silicon-deoxidized, tempered bainitic 1 percent CrMoV steel is currently used extensively for high-temperature steam turbine rotor forgings operating at temperatures up to 565°C due to its excellent creep rupture properties and relative economy. There is impetus to improve the creep rupture strength of this steel while maintaining its current toughness level and vice versa. The excellent creep rupture ductility of the low Si version of this steel allows the use of a higher austenitizing temperature or tensile strength level for improving creep rupture strength without loss in creep ductility or toughness. When the tensile strength of this steel is increased from 785 to 854 MPa, the creep rupture strength exceeds that of the more expensive martensitic 12CrMoVCbN steel currently used for high-temperature rotor applications where additional creep rupture strength is required. The toughness of 1 percent CrMoV steel is improved by lowering the bainite start (Bs) temperature in a “superclean” base composition which is essentially free of Mn, Si, P, S, Sb, As and Sn. The Bs temperature can be lowered through the addition of alloying elements (i.e., C, Ni, Cr, and Mo) and/or increasing the cooling rate from the austenitizing temperature. Using these techniques, the 50 percent FATT can be lowered from approximately 100°C to below room temperature, which provides the opportunity to eliminate the special precautionary procedures currently used in the startup and shutdown of steam turbines. The most promising steels in terms of creep rupture and toughness properties contain 2.5 percent Ni and 0.04 percent Cb (for austenite grain refinement and enhanced tempering resistance). In general, the creep rupture strength of the superclean steels equals or exceeds that of the standard 1 percent CrMoV steel. In addition, the superclean steels have not been found to be susceptible to temper embrittlement, nor do they alter the room temperature fatigue crack propagation characteristics of the standard 1 percent CrMoV steel. These new steels may also find application in combination high-temperature-low-temperature rotors and gas turbine rotors.

Creep rupture strength of activated-TIG welded 316L(N) stainless steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 413 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sakthivel ◽  
M. Vasudevan ◽  
K. Laha ◽  
P. Parameswaran ◽  
K.S. Chandravathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
Creep Rupture ◽  
Creep Rupture Strength

Creep Properties of Nitrogen-Alloyed Type 316L Stainless Steel

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Mathew ◽  
C. Girish Shastry ◽  
S. Latha ◽  
K. Bhanu Sankara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Weld Joint ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
Creep Rupture Strength ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
Type 316L ◽  
Type 316L Stainless Steel

Type 316L stainless steel (SS) alloyed with 0.06–0.08 wt% nitrogen is the principal structural material for the sodium circuit components of India’s Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor. Carbon in the range of 0.045–0.055 wt% and nitrogen in the range of 0.06–0.10 wt% have been specified for the welding consumable to provide weld joints with creep strength as close as possible to that of the base metal. Design of the components is based on RCC-MR fast reactor code. Creep properties of the plates and the welding consumables, which were produced by the Indian industry, have been studied at 873 and 923 K. Creep rupture strength of the weld joint was found to be comparable with that of the base metal, implying a weld strength reduction factor close to unity. Creep rupture strength of the weld metal was found to be lower than that of the weld joint at 923 K whereas it was comparable to that of the weld joint at 873 K. The creep failure location shifted from the base metal to the weld metal with increase in test temperature from 873 K to 923 K. The base metal and the weld joint satisfied the average strength requirements specified by RCC-MR code. Addition of nitrogen was found to increase rupture strength by about 35% as compared to that of 316 SS. Rupture elongation decreased in the order base metal > weld joint > weld metal. Phenomenological observations on creep behaviour have been rationalized based on the mechanistic aspects of deformation and damage and microstructural changes.

scholarly journals Study on Influence of Heat Treatment and Ferrite Involved upon Creep Rupture Strength of Type 321 Stainless Steel.

1959 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1357-1362
Author(s):  
Mamoru Nishihara ◽  
Hiroshi Hirano ◽  
Shunji Yamamoto ◽  
Kiyoshi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
Creep Rupture ◽  
Creep Rupture Strength

scholarly journals On the Creep-Rupture Strength of Notched Specimens of 18-8 Austenitic Stainless Steel

1962 ◽  
Vol 11 (107) ◽  
pp. 492-498
Author(s):  
Hisashi IZUMI ◽  
Tadashi KAWASAKI ◽  
Tadakazu SAKURAI ◽  
Gunji SHINODA ◽  
Tadao SANO
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
Creep Rupture ◽  
Creep Rupture Strength ◽  
Notched Specimens

scholarly journals Influence of C, B, and N on Creep-Rupture Strength and Structural Changes in Creep of 18 Cr-10 Ni Stainless Steel

1970 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1231-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki SHINODA ◽  
Ryohei TANAKA ◽  
Tomoyuki ISHII ◽  
Tohru MIMINO ◽  
Kazuhisa KINOSHITA
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Rupture Strength ◽  
Creep Rupture ◽  
Creep Rupture Strength
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