The Application of the Double Ligament Tensile Test in Deformation Processing

1976 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 1237-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Kumble ◽  
J. T. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Test ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Percent Elongation ◽  
Short Transverse ◽  
Wrought Aluminum

The foundation of the double ligament tensile test for determining mechanical properties of wrought as well as cast materials has been established. With the aid of the finite element stress analysis the design geometry of the double ligament specimen has been improved and correction factors for three design geometries have been calculated. Tensile properties of two low-carbon, very low-alloy steel plate materials and a high-strength wrought aluminum alloy have been determined by the double ligament tensile test. The corrected yield strength values and percent elongation data compare favorably with those obtained by conventional test methods where geometry considerations allow the sampling of full-size test bars. The test bar size is such that random sampling of multiple specimens (8) is quite permissible and desirable to determine representative tensile properties of a material. The test has been found to be particularly suitable in evaluating tensile properties in the short transverse direction of wrought plate and across cross sections of complex-shaped forgings or castings less than 1 in. (2.5 cm) in thickness.

ASTM A710

Alloy Digest ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Bethlehem Steel Corporation ◽  
Strength Alloy ◽  
Carbon Precipitation

Abstract ASTM A710 is a low-carbon, precipitation hardening high-strength alloy steel plate. It is well suited to critical applications. This datasheet provides information on composition and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on heat treating and joining. Filing Code: SA-446. Producer or source: Bethlehem Steel Corporation.

SPARTAN II

Alloy Digest ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Copper Precipitation ◽  
High Toughness ◽  
The Family ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Minimum Yield

Abstract SPARTAN II (HSLA-100) is one of the family of Spartan high strength (>690 MPa, or >100 ksi, minimum yield strength), high toughness, improved weldability steels, which are alternatives to traditional quenched and tempered alloy steels. The Spartan family of steels are low carbon, copper precipitation hardened steels. Spartan II has improved yield strength compared to Spartan I. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, tensile properties. It also includes information on forming and joining. Filing Code: SA-738. Producer or source: ArcelorMittal USA.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction-Stir-Welded Low-Carbon High-Strength Steels with Tensile Strengths Ranging from 590 MPa to 1.5 GPa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5728
Author(s):  
HyeonJeong You ◽  
Minjung Kang ◽  
Sung Yi ◽  
Soongkeun Hyun ◽  
Cheolhee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Joint Strength ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Welding Processes

High-strength steels are being increasingly employed in the automotive industry, requiring efficient welding processes. This study analyzed the materials and mechanical properties of high-strength automotive steels with strengths ranging from 590 MPa to 1500 MPa, subjected to friction stir welding (FSW), which is a solid-phase welding process. The high-strength steels were hardened by a high fraction of martensite, and the welds were composed of a recrystallized zone (RZ), a partially recrystallized zone (PRZ), a tempered zone (TZ), and an unaffected base metal (BM). The RZ exhibited a higher hardness than the BM and was fully martensitic when the BM strength was 980 MPa or higher. When the BM strength was 780 MPa or higher, the PRZ and TZ softened owing to tempered martensitic formation and were the fracture locations in the tensile test, whereas BM fracture occurred in the tensile test of the 590 MPa steel weld. The joint strength, determined by the hardness and width of the softened zone, increased and then saturated with an increase in the BM strength. From the results, we can conclude that the thermal history and size of the PRZ and TZ should be controlled to enhance the joint strength of automotive steels.

scholarly journals Laser Welding Dissimilar High-Strength Steel Alloys with Complex Geometries

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panos Efthymiadis ◽  
Khalid Nor
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Material Chemistry ◽  
Metallurgical Defects

Laser welding of dissimilar high-strength steels was performed in this study for two different geometries, flat and circular samples with material thicknesses of 5 and 8 mm. The material combinations were a low carbon to a medium or high carbon steel. Three different welding systems were employed: a Nd:YAG, a CO2 and a fiber laser. The process stability was evaluated for all the experiments. The resulting full penetration welds were inspected for their surface quality at the top and bottom of the specimens. Cross sections were taken to investigate the resulting microstructures and the metallurgical defects of the welds, such as cracks and pores. Significant hardening occurred in the weld region and the highest hardness values occurred in the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) of the high carbon steel. The occurrence of weld defects depends strongly on the component geometry. The resulting microstructures within the weld were also predicted using neural network-simulated Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) diagrams and predicted the occurrence of a mixture of microstructures, such as bainite, martensite and pearlite, depending on the material chemistry. The thermal fields were measured with thermocouples and revealed the strong influence of component geometry on the cooling rate which in term defines the microstructures forming in the weld and the occurring hardness.

Investigation on the Elongation of Tailor Welded Blanks with Different Thickness

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 2888-2891
Author(s):  
Hao Bin Tian ◽  
Zhen Lei Li ◽  
Xiao Feng Deng ◽  
Xian Ping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Test ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Tailor Welded Blanks ◽  
Light Weighting ◽  
Different Thickness

Tailor welded blanks (TWBs) get popular used in the automobile for the light-weighting, and the assessments for TWBs formability are more and more important owing to the TWBs with different thicknesses. In this paper, based on the tensile test and low carbon high strength steel (ZStE220P), the influences of seam location and the length of sample on the elongation are studied, and the results shows that the location of seam has greater effect on the formability of TWBs and elongation is getting decreased with the seam shifting to the thinner part.

LUCEFIN 25CrMo4 (1.7218), 25CrMoS4 (1.7213)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Small Section ◽  
Section Size ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Strength And Toughness

Abstract Lucefin 25CrMo4 and 25CrMoS4 are low-carbon, chromium-molybdenum direct hardening alloy steels. These low hardenability steels are used for water-quenched parts of moderate section size and for oil-quenched parts of small section size. In general, these steels are used for parts requiring high strength and toughness. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-874. Producer or source: Lucefin S.p.A.

The Evolution and Determination of Mechanical Properties During the Manufacturing Process of High Strength Spirally Welded Pipe

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiande Chen ◽  
Laurie Collins ◽  
Fathi Hamad ◽  
Dengqi Bai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ring Expansion ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Pipe Axis ◽  
Seam Welding ◽  
Welded Pipe

During the development of high strength and high toughness spirally welded pipe with improved weld heat affected zone toughness, the evolution of the mechanical properties were studied by testing at different stages of the manufacturing process. The mechanical properties were measured in the as-welded condition after the spiral seam welding, after the hydrostatic test and after the aging cycle simulating the external pipe coating process. The tensile properties of the pipe body in the transverse-to-pipe-axis (TPA) orientation, as required by the CSA Z245.1 and API 5L standards, were determined using different test methods and different specimen geometries, such as flattened strip specimen, non-flattened round-bar specimen and ring-expansion specimen. The investigation results provided some insights into the development of the mechanical properties of the final pipe products and the methods for more realistically and reliably determining the tensile properties of the pipe along the circumferential direction.

scholarly journals Application of Artificial Neural Network to the Prediction of Tensile Properties in High-Strength Low-Carbon Bainitic Steels

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1314
Author(s):  
Sang-In Lee ◽  
Seung-Hyeok Shin ◽  
Byoung-Chul Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Uniform Elongation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Bainitic Steels ◽  
Artificial Neural

An artificial neural network (ANN) model was designed to predict the tensile properties in high-strength, low-carbon bainitic steels with a focus on the fraction of constituents such as PF (polygonal ferrite), AF (acicular ferrite), GB (granular bainite), and BF (bainitic ferrite). The input parameters of the model were the fraction of constituents, while the output parameters of the model were composed of the yield strength, yield-to-tensile ratio, and uniform elongation. The ANN model to predict the tensile properties exhibited a higher accuracy than the multi linear regression (MLR) model. According to the average index of the relative importance for the input parameters, the yield strength, yield-to-tensile ratio, and uniform elongation could be effectively improved by increasing the fraction of AF, bainitic microstructures (AF, GB, and BF), and PF, respectively, in terms of the work hardening and dislocation slip behavior depending on their microstructural characteristics such as grain size and dislocation density. The ANN model is expected to provide a clearer understanding of the complex relationships between constituent fraction and tensile properties in high-strength, low-carbon bainitic steels.

BISALLOY STRUCTURAL 80

Alloy Digest ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Temperature Fracture ◽  
Minimum Yield

Abstract Bisalloy Structural 80 steel (80 ksi minimum yield strength) is a low-carbon, low-alloy, high-strength structural steel exhibiting excellent cold formability and low-temperature fracture toughness. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming and joining. Filing Code: SA-842. Producer or source: Bisalloy Steels Group Limited.

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