Energy Transmission in Piping Systems and Its Relation to Noise Control

1972 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 746-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritchard H. White ◽  
Roger J. Sawley
Keyword(s):  
Noise Control ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Acoustic Fields ◽  
Energy Transmission ◽  
Noise And Vibration ◽  
Energy Interaction ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Piping Systems

The piping in a process plant acts as a distribution and radiation system throughout the plant for many significant sources of noise and vibration such as compressors, pumps, valves and other flow discontinuities, and the like. The acoustical and vibrational energy carried by the piping can result in the establishment of undesirable acoustic fields. This paper looks at those factors which are important to the proper description of the energy interaction and propagation in the fluid-filled piping system and discusses their significance in achieving noise control.

A Case Study of a Proposed Monitor for Industrial Process Fouling

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
B. R. Becker ◽  
B. A. Fricke
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Process ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Chemical Processing ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Process Piping ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Insight Into

Fouling of a piping system refers to the formation of deposits on pipe walls, which can severely impede fluid flow. The food, dairy, and chemical processing industries usually combat the fouling of piping systems through extensive cleaning or complete replacement of the systems, usually on an emergency basis. This paper describes the development of a model which permits real time monitoring of the overall fouling in a piping system and provides insight into the behavior and response trends of piping system fouling to changes in process operating parameters. It facilitates the prediction of both the rate of fouling and the useful life of the piping system, thereby avoiding emergency shutdowns. This paper also describes the implementation of the model in an existing industrial process plant where it was found to accurately monitor actual fouling behavior. The results of the model demonstrate the influence of Reynolds number upon the fouling of this industrial process piping system. This paper also presents a summary of previous fouling research.

Process Plant Noise Control at the Design Engineering Stage

1970 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Seebold
Keyword(s):  
Noise Control ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Capital Projects ◽  
Public Sentiment ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Adequate Understanding ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Wait And See ◽  
Government Legislation

Effective noise control actions have to be taken in the preliminary definition and engineering design stages of major capital projects. Government legislation and public sentiment have virtually eliminated “wait-and-see” as a viable alternative. Unfortunately, an adequate understanding of the design aspects of noise control in process plants currently exists neither for all important noise sources nor among all suppliers, contractors, and users. This paper discusses both solutions and problems in sections dealing with sound transmission outdoors, plant sound power, furnaces, air coolers, control valves, rotating machinery, piping systems, flares, correction versus design, specifications and guarantees. The contention is that, where it is lacking, an adequate understanding of noise generation can be achieved, leading to the design of plants that are adequately quiet from the start.

Noise Sources and Transmission in Piping Systems

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Hambric ◽  
Yun Fan Hwang ◽  
Thomas S. Chyczewski
Keyword(s):  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Energy Propagation ◽  
Acoustic Attenuation ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Band Frequency ◽  
Piping Systems

An overview of the vibro-acoustic behavior of fluid-filled piping systems is given, summarizing noise sources, how piping structures and fluids accept energy from noise sources, and how the energy is then transmitted and exchanged by wavetypes throughout the piping. Discrete and broad-band frequency noise sources from active components, such as pumps, and passive components, such as valves and flow over piping, are described, and scale on flow velocities and operating speeds. The turbulence in the fluid flow contributes to piping system noise and vibration. The turbulence in the core flow impinges on both active and passive devices, causing discrete and broad-band noise sources. Turbulence near pipe walls excites structural piping modes. Techniques for quantifying the turbulence and its effects are described. An overview of the mechanisms of acoustic and vibrational energy propagation in piping walls and fluids is given, along with a discussion of various tools used to model the propagation, such as finite element (FE) and boundary element (BE) analysis, transfer matrix (TM) analysis, and statistical energy analysis (SEA). FE and BE models may be used to model high levels of complexity in both structural-acoustic systems and noise sources, but require large model sizes at high frequencies. TM and SEA models sacrifice modeling generality, but can represent high frequency behavior at low computational cost. Finally, means of mitigating acoustic and vibration energy transmission, such as narrow-band acoustic attenuation devices (quarter wavelength silencers and Quincke tubes), broad-band acoustic attenuation devices (mufflers and acoustic filters), and broad-band structural vibration attenuation devices (isolators and rubber piping), are outlined.

Non-Linear Design Verification of Nuclear Power Piping According to ASME III NB/NC

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingfu Zeng ◽  
Lennart G. Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Design Evaluation ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Design Verification ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Design Requirements

A nuclear piping system which is found to be disqualified, i.e. overstressed, in design evaluation in accordance with ASME III, can still be qualified if further non-linear design requirements can be satisfied in refined non-linear analyses in which material plasticity and other non-linear conditions are taken into account. This paper attempts first to categorize the design verification according to ASME III into the linear design and non-linear design verifications. Thereafter, the corresponding design requirements, in particular, those non-linear design requirements, are reviewed and examined in detail. The emphasis is placed on our view on several formulations and design requirements in ASME III when applied to nuclear power piping systems that are currently under intensive study in Sweden.

Comparison of Failure Modes of Piping Systems With Wall Thinning Subjected to In-Plane, Out-of-Plane, and Mixed Mode Bending Under Seismic Load: An Experimental Approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izumi Nakamura ◽  
Akihito Otani ◽  
Masaki Shiratori
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Shake Table Tests ◽  
Wall Thinning ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Bending

Pressurized piping systems used for an extended period may develop degradations such as wall thinning or cracks due to aging. It is important to estimate the effects of degradation on the dynamic behavior and to ascertain the failure modes and remaining strength of the piping systems with degradation through experiments and analyses to ensure the seismic safety of degraded piping systems under destructive seismic events. In order to investigate the influence of degradation on the dynamic behavior and failure modes of piping systems with local wall thinning, shake table tests using 3D piping system models were conducted. About 50% full circumferential wall thinning at elbows was considered in the test. Three types of models were used in the shake table tests. The difference of the models was the applied bending direction to the thinned-wall elbow. The bending direction considered in the tests was either of the in-plane bending, out-of-plane bending, or mixed bending of the in-plane and out-of-plane. These models were excited under the same input acceleration until failure occurred. Through these tests, the vibration characteristic and failure modes of the piping models with wall thinning under seismic load were obtained. The test results showed that the out-of-plane bending is not significant for a sound elbow, but should be considered for a thinned-wall elbow, because the life of the piping models with wall thinning subjected to out-of-plane bending may reduce significantly.

The Influence of Support Hardware and Piping System Seismic Response on Snubber Support Damping

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lay ◽  
O. A. Abu-Yasein ◽  
M. A. Pickett ◽  
J. Madia ◽  
S. K. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Damping Coefficient ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Nodal Displacement ◽  
Damping Coefficients ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies ◽  
Piping Systems

The damping coefficients and ratios of piping system snubber supports were found to vary logarithmically with pipe support nodal displacement. For piping systems with fundamental frequencies in the range of 0.6 to 6.6 Hz, the support damping ratio for snubber supports was found to increase with increasing fundamental frequency. For 3-kip snubbers, damping coefficient and damping ratio decreased logarithmically with nodal displacement, indicating that the 3-kip snubbers studied behaved essentially as coulomb dampers; while for the 10-kip snubbers studied, damping coefficient and damping ratio increased logarithmically with nodal displacement.

Experimental Investigation of Vibration and Noise Control of Reciprocating Compressors

2012 ◽  
Vol 443-444 ◽  
pp. 837-842
Author(s):  
Jiang Qi Long ◽  
Si Jia Zhou ◽  
Ping Yu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Noise Control ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Reciprocating Compressor ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Noise And Vibration ◽  
Mechanical Noise ◽  
Compressor Piston

The reciprocating compressor contains crank-rod mechanism whose unbalanced inertia force mainly accounts for mechanical noise and vibration during the working process. Through the analysis of fit between the diameter of the compressor piston and the crank eccentricity, influence of imbalance force on the compressor vibration and noise is obtained under no change in other parts. The tests of vibration and noise are followed for the purpose of verification. The results show that the vibration and noise control will be better if a small piston diameter and a big crank eccentricity are utilized.

Sensitivity Analyses for a PWR SCC Case Using the Probabilistic Loss-of-Coolant-Accident (Pro-LOCA) Software

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Young ◽  
Sang-Min Lee ◽  
Paul M. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Loss Of Coolant Accident ◽  
Piping Systems

As a means of demonstrating compliance with the United States Code of Federal Regulations 10CFR50 Appendix A, General Design Criterion 4 (GDC-4) requirement that primary piping systems for nuclear power plants exhibit an extremely low probability of rupture, probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) software has become increasingly popular. One of these PFM codes for nuclear piping is Pro-LOCA which has been under development over the last decade. Currently, Pro-LOCA is being enhanced under an international cooperative program entitled PARTRIDGE-II (Probabilistic Analysis as a Regulatory Tool for Risk-Informed Decision GuidancE - Phase II). This paper focuses on the use of a pre-defined set of base-case inputs along with prescribed variation in some of those inputs to determine a comparative set of sensitivity analyses results. The benchmarking case was a circumferential Primary Water Stress Corrosion Crack (PWSCC) in a typical PWR primary piping system. The effects of normal operating loads, temperature, leak detection, inspection frequency and quality, and mitigation strategies on the rupture probability were studied. The results of this study will be compared to the results of other PFM codes using the same base-case and variations in inputs. This study was conducted using Pro-LOCA version 4.1.9.

Effects on Pipe Vibrations of Cavitation in an Orifice and in Globe-Style Valves

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se´bastien Caillaud ◽  
Rene´-Jean Gibert ◽  
Pierre Moussou ◽  
Joe¨l Cohen ◽  
Fabien Millet
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Choked Flow ◽  
Single Hole ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Large Amplitude Vibrations

A piping system of French nuclear power plants displays large amplitude vibrations in particular flow regimes. These troubles are attributed to cavitation generated by single-hole orifices in depressurized flow regimes. Real scale experiments on high pressure test rigs and on-site tests are then conducted to explain the observed phenomenon and to find a solution to reduce pipe vibrations. The first objective of the present paper is to analyze cavitation-induced vibrations in the single-hole orifice. It is then shown that the orifice operates in choked flow with supercavitation, which is characterized by a large unstable vapor pocket. One way to reduce pipe vibrations consists in suppressing the orifices and in modifying the control valves. Three technologies involving a standard trim and anti-cavitation trims are tested. The second objective of the paper is to analyze cavitation-induced vibrations in globe-style valves. Cavitating valves operate in choked flow as the orifice. Nevertheless, no vapor pocket appears inside the pipe and no unstable phenomenon is observed. The comparison with an anti-cavitation solution shows that cavitation reduction has no impact on low frequency excitation. The effect of cavitation reduction on pipe vibrations, which involve essentially low frequencies, is then limited and the first solution, which is the standard globe-style valve installed on-site, leads to acceptable pipe vibrations. Finally, this case study may have consequences on the design of piping systems. First, cavitation in orifices must be limited. Choked flow in orifices may lead to supercavitation, which is here a damaging and unstable phenomenon. The second conclusion is that the reduction of cavitation in globe-style valve in choked flow does not reduce pipe vibrations. The issue is then to limit cavitation erosion of valve trims.

Analysis of Pressure Pulsations in Reciprocating Compressor Piping Systems

1966 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Grover
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Reciprocating Compressor ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Pressure Pulsations ◽  
System A ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Limiting Condition

This paper deals with pulsations in pressure and flow in the reciprocating compressor and connected piping system. A model is presented that describes the excitation at the compressor and the propagation of the pulsations in the interconnected piping. It has been adapted to digital computations to predict the pulse magnitudes in reciprocating compressor piping systems and to assess measures for their control. Predicted results have been compared with field test data and with simplified limiting condition results. A discussion of its practical application is included.

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