A Case Study of a Proposed Monitor for Industrial Process Fouling

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
B. R. Becker ◽  
B. A. Fricke
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Process ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Chemical Processing ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Process Piping ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Insight Into

Fouling of a piping system refers to the formation of deposits on pipe walls, which can severely impede fluid flow. The food, dairy, and chemical processing industries usually combat the fouling of piping systems through extensive cleaning or complete replacement of the systems, usually on an emergency basis. This paper describes the development of a model which permits real time monitoring of the overall fouling in a piping system and provides insight into the behavior and response trends of piping system fouling to changes in process operating parameters. It facilitates the prediction of both the rate of fouling and the useful life of the piping system, thereby avoiding emergency shutdowns. This paper also describes the implementation of the model in an existing industrial process plant where it was found to accurately monitor actual fouling behavior. The results of the model demonstrate the influence of Reynolds number upon the fouling of this industrial process piping system. This paper also presents a summary of previous fouling research.

Performance-Based Analysis of Coupled Support Structures and Piping Systems Subject to Seismic Loading

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oreste S. Bursi ◽  
Fabrizio Paolacci ◽  
Md Shahin Reza
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Support Structures ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Allowable Stress Design

The prevailing lack of proper and uniform seismic design guidelines for piping systems impels designers to follow standards conceived for other structures, such as buildings. The modern performance-based design approach is yet to be widely adopted for piping systems, while the allowable stress design method is still the customary practice. This paper presents a performance-based seismic analysis of petrochemical piping systems coupled with support structures through a case study. We start with a concept of performance-based analysis, followed by establishing a link between limit states and earthquake levels, exemplifying Eurocode and Italian prescriptions. A brief critical review on seismic design criteria of piping, including interactions between piping and support, is offered thereafter. Finally, to illustrate actual applications of the performance-based analysis, non-linear analyses on a realistic petrochemical piping system is performed to assess its seismic performance.

The Importance of High Energy Piping Support Maintenance to Enhance System Useful Life

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Huff ◽  
John P. Leach ◽  
Daniel S. Vail
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Support Design ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
High Level ◽  
Extension Program

As part of the design basis of any piping system utilized to convey materials, pipe supports are required to ensure those pipes remain in their designed locations and do not overly expand or move due to sustained or occasional loads. These loads represent the total forces and moments in the piping components and as a result create stresses that affect the life of the component. Proper design and maintenance of these supports per the applicable codes and standards provide a reasonable life expectancy for the piping systems. This presentation will review the various codes and standards utilized for both pipe support design and maintenance. A high level overview of what information must be obtained to perform an analysis and meet ASME B31.1 Power Piping code requirements when modifying piping systems will be presented. Specific inputs to system design and computational software including material properties, stress intensification factors (SIF), thicknesses and tolerances, pressures, temperatures, insulation, coatings, the occasional loads, etc. will be discussed. Guidelines will be discussed for determining what piping modifications warrant a full pipe stress analysis to be performed. Recommendations for pipe support maintenance inspections will be provided to facilitate increased life expectancies of subject piping systems. The mandatory requirements of ASME B31.1 Chapter VII will be discussed, as well as recommendations from the non-mandatory appendix. Implementing maintenance programs at existing facilities will be discussed. Step by step recommendations for how to apply these guidelines within a long-term life extension program will be given. Tolerances and general guidelines associated with these programs will also be discussed. Finally, common pipe support failures, what they can affect, and how to look for early indicators of fatigue or failure will be covered.

Critical Analysis of the New High Cycle Fatigue Assessment Procedure From ASME B31.3—Appendix W

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Jaćimović ◽  
Sondre Luca Helgesen
Keyword(s):  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Stress Range ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Design ◽  
Process Piping ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Fatigue Evaluation

Abstract ASME B31.3, the leading process piping system design code, has included in its 2018 edition a new procedure for evaluation of high cycle fatigue in process piping systems. As stated in the Appendix W of ASME B31.3-2018, this new procedure is applicable to any load resulting in the stress range in excess of 20.7 MPa (3.0 ksi) and with the total number of cycles exceeding 100,000. However, this new procedure is based on the stress range calculation typical to ASME B31 codes which underestimates the realistic expansion stress range by a factor of ∼2. While the allowable stress range used typically for fatigue evaluation of piping systems is adjusted to take into consideration this fact, the new fatigue design curves seem not to take it into account. Moreover, the applicability of the new design procedure (i.e., welded joint fatigue design curves) to the components which tend to fail away from the bends is questionable. Two examples are presented at the end of the paper in order to substantiate the indicated inconsistencies in the verification philosophy.

scholarly journals Optimal Integration of Humid Air Cycle in Energy Intensive Industries

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mogens Weel Hansen ◽  
Jan Sandvig Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Process ◽  
Integration Scheme ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Pinch Point ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Cycle Efficiency ◽  
Energy Intensive Industries

Humid Air Turbine cycle (HAT) is characterised by its high single cycle efficiency. The HAT cycle is typically constrained by a pinch point at low temperature. This indicates that additional heat in the range 100 °C to 200 °C can be utilised with high marginal efficiency. At the same time energy intensive industries (for example refineries, Cement production plants and Steel works) typically have a surplus of heat from around 250 °C to 300 °C and down. This study is aimed at the integration of HAT Cycle into the industrial process plant where the complementary features can be exploited. The present paper has two main objectives. The first objective is to present a general approach for integration analysis. The approach is based on conceptual design using targeting procedures (e.g. Pinch Analysis). The second objective is to find an optimum integration scheme for specific heat sources available from industrial sites. To illustrate both objectives a case study based on real refinery data is discussed.

Computer Piping Analysis, ASME B31.3 Appendix S: Example S3 — Moment Reversal

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Stress Range ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Process Piping ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Operating Stress ◽  
The Impact

The American Standards Association (ASA) B31.3-1959 Petroleum Refinery Piping Code [1] grew out of an ASA document that addressed all manner of fluid conveying piping systems. ASA B31.3 was created long before widespread engineering use of computer “mainframes” or even before the inception of piping stress analysis software. From its inception until recent times, the B31.3 Process Piping Code [2] (hereafter referred to as the “Code”) has remained ambiguous in several areas. This paper describes some of these subtle concepts that are included in the Code 2006 Edition for Appendix S Example S3. This paper discusses: • the effect of moment reversal in determining the largest Displacement Stress Range, • the impact of the average axial stress caused by displacement strains on the Example S3 piping system and the augmenting of the Code Eq. (17) thereto, • a brief comparison of Example S3 results to that of the operating stress range evaluated in accordance with the 2006 Code Appendix P Alternative Requirements.

Energy Transmission in Piping Systems and Its Relation to Noise Control

1972 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 746-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritchard H. White ◽  
Roger J. Sawley
Keyword(s):  
Noise Control ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Acoustic Fields ◽  
Energy Transmission ◽  
Noise And Vibration ◽  
Energy Interaction ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Piping Systems

The piping in a process plant acts as a distribution and radiation system throughout the plant for many significant sources of noise and vibration such as compressors, pumps, valves and other flow discontinuities, and the like. The acoustical and vibrational energy carried by the piping can result in the establishment of undesirable acoustic fields. This paper looks at those factors which are important to the proper description of the energy interaction and propagation in the fluid-filled piping system and discusses their significance in achieving noise control.

Dealing With Heavy Loads in Large Diameter Piping

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Rojas ◽  
Andrey Gutkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Configuration Design ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Molten Sulfur ◽  
Heavy Loads

It is common in a refinery that some piping systems have to handle several flow conditions. However, when a new proposed condition implies the filling of an existing 68″ (1727 mm) line with molten Sulfur, which was initially designed for gas operation, a well thought engineering case study is required to guarantee that no damage will occur under the new operating conditions. This paper covers the procedures employed to qualify the integrity of a 68″ (1727 mm) piping system, initially designed to carry Sulfur vapors and required to handle occasional filling with molten Sulfur due to operational demands. The procedures of reviewing the initial configuration, design of modifications and reinforcements to the piping system and the use of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in order to qualify several unique support configurations are explained in this paper.

Case Study of Pipe Support and Restraint Stiffness

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Wiseman ◽  
Alex Mayes ◽  
Emmanuel Appiah
Keyword(s):  
Steel Structure ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Thermal Growth ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Industry Practice ◽  
Valve Operation ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Abstract Pipe support and restraint assemblies are an integral part of engineered piping systems for power, petrochemical, refinery, and process industries. Such assemblies are specially designed and analyzed for the purpose of transferring loads from piping to building structure or supplemental steel structure. Thus, a support assembly protects the piping, or any other components, from damage that may result from startup, shutdown, shocks from valve operation, water hammer, steam hammer, wind, seismic, and other catastrophic events such as pipe rupture or explosions. It also restrains against unacceptable movements in the piping system while preserving movement due to thermal growth. The support and restraint stiffness values are utilized based on assumptions and calculations of load versus displacement. A case study of pipe support elements is performed in various static and dynamic load cases to determine the effects of assumptions of utilizing one stiffness value versus multiple stiffness values within an assembly. Additionally, the stiffness for the connected building structure opens more assumptions within industry practice. Multiple industry practices of stiffness values are integrated into this research to compare and contrast the realistic attributes of each.

scholarly journals High Vibration Problem in Compressor Piping Systems: A Case Study

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vijaya Kumar ◽  
S. Raghava Chary ◽  
A. Rajamani
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Vibration Problems ◽  
Excitation Frequencies

High vibration problems resulting in damage to supports, instrument stubs etc. have been experienced in many compressor piping systems installed at different fertilizer plants. Investigations aimed at a solution to the problem included vibration measurements on the suction and discharge piping, and mathematical modeling of the piping. The measurements indicated presence of an excitation frequency in the range of 30–35% of the compressor running speed. Dynamic analysis of the piping system showed the presence of natural frequencies coinciding with or very near to the excitation frequencies. This has been further confirmed by impact tests. Analytical mode shapes clearly show that the antinodes match with high vibration zones observed at the site. The mathematical models were used to determine optimum configurations which would separate mechanical responses from excitation frequencies. These modifications have been implemented at site and the piping vibrations are within normal limits.

scholarly journals In-service Piping Inspection Work-aid Tool for Oil & Gas Industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
HANIDA ABDUL AZIZ ◽  
Lee Jia Chien ◽  
Hairunnisa Osman ◽  
Tan Lian See ◽  
Norhuda Abdul Manaf
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Piping System ◽  
System Usability Scale ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Inspection Process ◽  
Inspection Work ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
Service Inspection

Piping systems are important in the oil and gas plant’s operation, but continuous damage is harming the piping system due to extensive usage resulting in the increase of accident cases. API 570 Piping Inspection Code: In-service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration of Piping Systems has proposed an in-service piping inspection practice to ensure the in-service piping is functionable by identifying the remaining life of the piping system. However, the in-service piping inspection process is numerous and complicated where certain steps may be skipped, and data collected may lost along the process. The in-service piping inspection framework followed by a work-aid tool is developed in this study based on API 570 to guide the user the piping inspection process along with providing a depository database for document storage. Validation test is conducted by collecting feedback from professional piping engineer using System Usability Scale followed by conducting a case study using secondary data and sample attachment to test the functionality of the work-aid tool. The work-aid tool can guide the piping inspection process and provide a systematic documentation method for corresponding inspection documents. Case study in the industry is recommended to test the usability of the tool in the industry.

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