Oxide Treatment of Tungsten Carbide Tools and Its Influence on Mass Diffusion and Tool Life

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1106-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam P. Suh ◽  
Subhash K. Naik
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Mass Diffusion ◽  
Crater Wear ◽  
Cutting Experiments

The role of oxide layers on tungsten carbide tools in metal cutting was investigated using oxide-treated tools. It is shown that the structural change of the subsurface of the tool takes place due to mass diffusion between the oxide and the substrate, which enhances the metal cutting properties of tungsten carbide tools. The tools were coated with titanium dioxide and heated in a vacuum of 10−4 torr. These oxide-treated tools and the untreated tools were diffusion-bonded to steel in a vacuum so as to determine the influence of the oxide treatment on mass diffusion. The changes in the hardness of these bonded specimens were measured after maintaining them at high temperatures for various durations. The hardness across the interface of the bonding changed sharply in the case of the untreated tools, the hardness of steel increasing and that of tungsten carbide decreasing. In the case of the oxide-treated tools, the hardness did not change appreciably. Cutting experiments showed that the cutting force and the crater wear decreased by about 12 to 20 percent after the oxide treatment.

Comparative assessment between AlTiN and AlTiSiN coated carbide tools towards machinability improvement of AISI D6 steel in dry hard turning

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110373
Author(s):  
Anshuman Das ◽  
Miyaz Kamal ◽  
Sudhansu Ranjan Das ◽  
Saroj Kumar Patel ◽  
Asutosh Panda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Hard Turning ◽  
Flank Wear ◽  
Chip Morphology ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Carbide Tool ◽  
Crater Wear ◽  
Coated Carbide ◽  
Coated Carbide Tools

AISI D6 (hardness 65 HRC) is one of the hard-to-cut steel alloys and commonly used in mould and die making industries. In general, CBN and PCBN tools are used for machining hardened steel but its higher cost makes the use for limited applications. However, the usefulness of carbide tool with selective coatings is the best substitute having comparable tool life, and in terms of cost is approximately one-tenth of CBN tool. The present study highlights a detailed analysis on machinability investigation of hardened AISI D6 alloy die steel using newly developed SPPP-AlTiSiN coated carbide tools in finish dry turning operation. In addition, a comparative assessment has been performed based on the effectiveness of cutting tool performance of nanocomposite coating of AlTiN deposited by hyperlox PVD technique and a coating of AlTiSiN deposited by scalable pulsed power plasma (SPPP) technique. The required number of machining trials under varied cutting conditions (speed, depth of cut, feed) were based on L16 orthogonal array design which investigated the crater wear, flank wear, surface roughness, chip morphology, and cutting force in hard turning. Out of the two cutting tools, newly-developed nanocomposite (SPPP-AlTiSiN) coated carbide tool promises an improved surface finish, minimum cutting force, longer tool life due to lower value of crater & flank wears, and considerable improvement in tool life (i.e., by 47.83%). At higher cutting speeds, the crater wear length and flank wear increases whereas the surface roughness, crater wear width and cutting force decreases. Chip morphology confirmed the formation of serrated type saw tooth chips.

Performance evaluation of a tungsten carbide–based self-lubricant cutting tool

2016 ◽  
Vol 232 (10) ◽  
pp. 1825-1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayyankalai Muthuraja ◽  
Selvaraj Senthilvelan
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Solid Lubricant ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Flank Wear ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Chip Morphology ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Flank Surface

Tungsten carbide cutting tools with and without solid lubricant (WC-10Co-5CaF2 and WC-10Co) were developed in-house via powder metallurgy. The developed cutting tools and a commercial WC-10Co cutting tool were used to machine cylindrical AISI 1020 steel material under dry conditions. The cutting force and average cutting tool temperature were continuously measured. The cutting tool flank surface and chip morphology after specific tool life (5 min of cutting) were examined to understand tool wear. The flank wear of the considered cutting tools was also measured to quantify the cutting tool life. The surface roughness of the workpiece was measured to determine the machining quality. The developed cutting tool with solid lubricant (WC-10Co-5CaF2) generated 20%–40% less cutting force compared to that of the developed cutting tool without solid lubricant (WC-10Co). In addition, the finish of the workpiece surface improved by 16%–20% when it was machined by the solid lubricant cutting tool. The cutting tool with solid lubricant (WC-10Co-5CaF2) exhibited a 15%–18% reduction in flank wear. Curlier and smaller saw tooth chips were generated from the WC-10Co-5CaF2 cutting tool, confirming that less heat was generated during the cutting process, and the finish of the machined surface was also improved.

Turning Process Modeling and Cutting Force Investigation Based on Finite Element Analysis and Cutting Experiments

2011 ◽  
Vol 314-316 ◽  
pp. 900-903
Author(s):  
Yan Cao ◽  
Hua Chen ◽  
Hai Xia Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Turning Process ◽  
Rigid Plastic ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fea Model ◽  
Cutting Experiments

On the basis of metal cutting and rigid-plastic finite element theories, taking cutting force in turning process as the research object, a FEA model for turning process using a MDT cutter on a centre lathe CA6140 is constructed to simulate its metal cutting process. Using Deform 3D, cutting forces are calculated according to different cutting parameters. The influences of the cutting parameters on the cutting forces are investigated. In order to validate the FEA model, cutting experiments are conducted. Comparison between simulated cutting forces and experimental forces shows similar trends and reasonable agreement.

Reliability Analysis of Cutting Tools

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hitomi ◽  
N. Nakamura ◽  
S. Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Reliability Function ◽  
Statistical Distribution ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Cutting Experiments

This paper is concerned with the reliability analysis of tool life based on the tool-wear values obtained from metal cutting experiments. From experimental results, a statistical distribution of tool wear was decided, and the distribution of tool life and the reliability function of cutting tools were derived. Further, it was shown that the reliability of cutting tools at a certain time was easily calculated from machining parameters and tool-wear limits by the use of reliability function.

Frictional Characteristics of Oxide-Treated and Untreated Tungsten-Carbide Tools

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Suh ◽  
B. J. Sanghvi
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Carbide Tool ◽  
Tungsten Carbide Tool ◽  
Steel Cutting

The role of surface oxide layers in the tungsten carbide tool wear was investigated by treating the tools with titanium dioxide and by performing friction tests. The friction tests were performed using both the oxide-treated and untreated tools at various temperatures, loads, and sliding speeds. The oxide-treated tools were prepared by coating tungsten-carbide tools with titanium dioxide and heating them to temperatures above 1525 deg F in a vacuum of 10−4 torr to induce mass diffusion. The oxide-treated tools which contained titanium, tantalum, and niobium in addition to tungsten carbide and cobalt have higher hardness and lower coefficient of friction, especially at high temperatures. Structural changes take place at the subsurface layer during the oxide treatment, which lower the coefficients of friction of the tool and enhance the steel cutting properties of tungsten-carbide tools.

A Study on the Relationships Between Static/Dynamic Cutting Force Components and Tool Wear

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Woong Youn ◽  
Min-Yang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Crater Wear ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Dynamic Components ◽  
Process Detection

The development of flexible automation in the manufacturing industry is concerned with production activities performed by unmanned machining systems. A major topic relevant to metal-cutting operations is monitoring tool wear, which affects process efficiency and product quality, and implementing automatic tool replacements. In this paper, the measurement of the cutting force components has been found to provide a method for an in-process detection of tool wear. Cutting force components are divided into static and dynamic components in this paper. The static components of cutting force have been used to detect flank wear and the dynamic components of cutting force have been analyzed to detect crater wear. To eliminate the influence of variations in cutting conditions, tools, and workpiece materials, the relationships between normalized cutting forces and cutting conditions are established. According to the proposed method, the static and dynamic force components could provide the effective means to detect flank and crater wear for varying cutting conditions in turning operation.

Development and Performance Evaluation of Bio-Degradable Nanocutting Fluid

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (06) ◽  
pp. 1850036
Author(s):  
C. Venkatesh ◽  
J. Baskaran
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Cutting Fluids ◽  
Oil Blend ◽  
Machining Properties

Various cutting fluids are available in the cutting fluid market to provide good machining performances for metal cutting industries. Incidentally, most of the cutting fluids are synthetic and semisynthetic in nature, and although they are beneficial to the industries, they are posing health and environmental issues. Even if these cutting fluids have sufficient properties required for good machining, the major constraints associated with these fluids are their nature of nonbiodegradability and nonfriendliness to the environment. To overcome these difficulties, intense research is carried out to develop biodegradable and effective cutting fluids. In this research, a novel castor oil-based cutting fluid infused with nanomolybdenum (MoS2) particles has been developed and its various machining properties have been investigated. Various important cutting parameters like surface roughness, tool life, and cutting force were investigated using this newly developed biodegradable nanofluid as a cutting fluid. Comparative experimental studies have also been undertaken with sunflower oil blend and conventional synthetic oil. Observed results validated that the newly developed castor oil-based nanofluid improves the surface finish and tool life by minimizing the cutting force developed to the considerable extent.

Effect of High-Pressure Coolant Supply on Chip-Breaking and Tool Wear in Machining of Stainless Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 656-657 ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Katoh ◽  
Shigetoshi Ohmori ◽  
Takahiro Maeda ◽  
Takanori Kakumitsu ◽  
Koichi Okuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Flank Wear ◽  
Crater Wear ◽  
Cutting Inserts ◽  
On Chip ◽  
High Pressure Coolant

The high-pressure coolant supply cutting has attracted attention from a viewpoint of chip evacuation and tool life. In this study, the influence of high-pressure coolant supply on chip shape, cutting force and tool wear were investigated. The tests were carried out during external turning of stainless steel with cemented carbide cutting inserts. The results suggest that the length and radius of the chips got shorter with high-pressure coolant supply, especially supply pressure more than 5MPa. The cutting force was increase slightly with high-pressure coolant supply. However the thrust force was decrease. The uniform flank wear and crater wear were reduced and tool life was improved by high-pressure coolant supply.

scholarly journals The role of nodose ganglia in the regulation of cardiovascular function following pulmonary exposure to ultrafine titanium dioxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Kan ◽  
Zhongxin Wu ◽  
Yen-Chang Lin ◽  
Teh-Hsun Chen ◽  
Jared L Cumpston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Pulmonary Exposure ◽  
Nodose Ganglia
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