Analysis of Lined Ducts With Mean Flow, With Application to Dissipative Mufflers

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Munjal ◽  
U. S. Shirahatti
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Matrix ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Iteration Scheme ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Radiation Impedance ◽  
Source Impedance

Mufflers with at least one acoustically absorptive duct are generally called dissipative mufflers. Generally, for want of systems approach, these mufflers are characterized by transmission loss of the lined duct with overriding corrections for the terminations, mean flow, etc. In this article, it is proposed that dissipative duct should be integrated with other muffler elements, source impedance and radiation impedance, by means of transfer matrix approach. Towards this end, the transfer matrix for rectangular duct with mean flow has been derived here, for the least attenuated mode. Mean flow introduces a coupling between transverse wave numbers and axial wave number, the evaluation of which therefore calls for simultaneous solution of two or three transcendental equations. This is done by means of a Newton-Raphson iteration scheme, which is illustrated here for square ducts lined with porous ceramic tiles.

Effect of leakage and blockage on the acoustic behavior of particle filters

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-492
Author(s):  
Seonghyeon Baek ◽  
Iljae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Matrix ◽  
Particle Filters ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Filter System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Good Agreement

The effects of leakage and blockage on the acoustic performance of particle filters have been examined by using one-dimensional acoustic analysis and experimental methods. First, the transfer matrix of a filter system connected to inlet and outlet pipes with conical sections is measured using a two-load method. Then, the transfer matrix of a particle filter only is extracted from the experiments by applying inverse matrices of the conical sections. In the analytical approaches, the one-dimensional acoustic model for the leakage between the filter and the housing is developed. The predicted transmission loss shows a good agreement with the experimental results. Compared to the baseline, the leakage between the filter and housing increases transmission loss at a certain frequency and its harmonics. In addition, the transmission loss for the system with a partially blocked filter is measured. The blockage of the filter also increases the transmission loss at higher frequencies. For the simplicity of experiments to identify the leakage and blockage, the reflection coefficients at the inlet of the filter system have been measured using two different downstream conditions: open pipe and highly absorptive terminations. The experiments show that with highly absorptive terminations, it is easier to see the difference between the baseline and the defects.

scholarly journals Investigation of dominant traveling 10-day wave components using long-term MERRA-2 database

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunming Huang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Shaodong Zhang ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Kaiming Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Instability ◽  
Transmission Condition ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Excited Wave ◽  
Propagating Waves ◽  
Zonal Wave Number ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe eastward- and westward-traveling 10-day waves with zonal wavenumbers up to 6 from surface to the middle mesosphere during the recent 12 years from 2007 to 2018 are deduced from MERRA-2 data. On the basis of climatology study, the westward-propagating wave with zonal wave number 1 (W1) and eastward-propagating waves with zonal wave numbers 1 (E1) and 2 (E2) are identified as the dominant traveling ones. They are all active at mid- and high-latitudes above the troposphere and display notable month-to-month variations. The W1 and E2 waves are strong in the NH from December to March and in the SH from June to October, respectively, while the E1 wave is active in the SH from August to October and also in the NH from December to February. Further case study on E1 and E2 waves shows that their latitude–altitude structures are dependent on the transmission condition of the background atmosphere. The presence of these two waves in the stratosphere and mesosphere might have originated from the downward-propagating wave excited in the mesosphere by the mean flow instability, the upward-propagating wave from the troposphere, and/or in situ excited wave in the stratosphere. The two eastward waves can exert strong zonal forcing on the mean flow in the stratosphere and mesosphere in specific periods. Compared with E2 wave, the dramatic forcing from the E1 waves is located in the poleward regions.

Sulphur Dioxide Emissions during the Firing of Ceramic Bodies Based on Class C Fly Ash

2019 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Radomír Sokolář ◽  
Martin Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Class C

Fluid fuel combustion technology in coal-fired power plants is very popular in the Czech Republic, resulting in a relatively high production of a specific by-product - fluidized fly ash (class C according to ASTM definition), which differs from the classical high-temperature fly ash in mineralogical composition with a high sulphur content of anhydrite CaSO4. Fluidized ash is not yet used in the production of fired building materials, where it could be used as a source of calcium oxide (for example, the production of porous ceramic tiles). However, high volume of sulphur dioxide emissions during the re-firing of fluidized fly ash in ceramic raw materials mixtures has been solved. The aim of the paper is definition of temperature ranges of anhydrite decomposition (formation of SO2 emission) from pure class C (fluidized) fly ashes from different sources (power plants) depending on granulometry of fly ash especially.

Stability of Liquid Film Flow Down an Oscillating Wall

1991 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 278-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Bauer ◽  
C. H. von Kerczek
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Oscillation Amplitude ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Inclined Plate ◽  
Wall Oscillation

The stability of a liquid film flowing down an inclined oscillating wall is analyzed. First, the linear theory growth rates of disturbances are calculated to second order in a disturbance wave number. It is shown that this growth rate is simply the sum of the same growth rate expansions for a nonoscillating film on an inclined plate and an oscillating film on a horizontal plate. These growth rates were originally calculated by Yih (1963, 1968). The growth rate formula derived here shows that long wavelength disturbances to a vertical falling film, which are unstable at all nonzero values of the Reynolds number when the wall is stationary, can be stabilized by sufficiently large values of wall oscillation in certain frequency ranges. Second, the full time-dependent stability equations are solved in terms of a wall oscillation amplitude expansion carried to about 20 terms. This expansion shows that for values of mean flow Reynolds number less than about ten, the wall oscillations completely stabilize the film against all the unstable disturbances of the steady film.

Reducing Instrumentation Errors Caused by Circumferential Flow-Field Variations in Multistage Axial Compressors

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chilla ◽  
G. Pullan ◽  
S. Gallimore
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Stagnation Pressure ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Stagnation Temperature ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Axial Compressors

Abstract The effects of blade row interactions on stator-mounted instrumentation in axial compressors are investigated using unsteady numerical calculations. The test compressor is an eight-stage machine representative of an aero-engine core compressor. For the unsteady calculations, a 180-deg sector (half-annulus) model of the compressor is used. It is shown that the time-mean flow field in the stator leading edge planes is circumferentially nonuniform. The circumferential variations in stagnation pressure and stagnation temperature, respectively, reach 4.2% and 1.1% of the local mean. Using spatial wave number analysis, the incoming wakes from the upstream stator rows are identified as the dominant source of the circumferential variations in the front and middle of the compressor, while toward the rear of the compressor, the upstream influence of the eight struts in the exit duct becomes dominant. Based on three circumferential probes, the sampling errors for stagnation pressure and stagnation temperature are calculated as a function of the probe locations. Optimization of the probe locations shows that the sampling error can be reduced by up to 77% by circumferentially redistributing the individual probes. The reductions in the sampling errors translate to reductions in the uncertainties of the overall compressor efficiency and inlet flow capacity by up to 50%. Recognizing that data from large-scale unsteady calculations are rarely available in the instrumentation phase for a new test rig or engine, a method for approximating the circumferential variations with single harmonics is presented. The construction of the harmonics is based solely on the knowledge of the number of stators in each row and a small number of equispaced probes. It is shown how excursions in the sampling error are reduced by increasing the number of circumferential probes.

Computation of the Alpha Cabin Sound Absorption Coefficient by Using the Finite Transfer Matrix Method (FTMM): Inter-Laboratory Test on Porous Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Santoni ◽  
Paolo Bonfiglio ◽  
Patrizio Fausti ◽  
Francesco Pompoli
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Matrix ◽  
Transfer Matrix Method ◽  
Matrix Method ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Finite Size ◽  
Sound Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Radiation Impedance ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Private Research

Abstract The transfer matrix method (TMM) has become an established and widely used approach to compute the sound absorption coefficient of a multilayer structure. Due to the assumption made by this method of laterally infinite media, it is necessary to introduce in the computation the finite-size radiation impedance of the investigated system, in order to obtain an accurate prediction of the sound absorption coefficient within the entire frequency range of interest; this is generally referred to as finite transfer matrix method (FTMM). However, it has not been extensively investigated the possibility of using the FTMM to accurately approximate the sound absorption of flat porous samples experimentally determined in an Alpha Cabin, a small reverberation room employed in the automotive industry. To this purpose, a simulation-based round robin test was organized involving academic and private research groups. Four different systems constituted by five porous materials, whose properties were experimentally characterized, were considered. Each participant, provided with all the mechanical and physical properties of each medium, was requested to simulate the sound absorption coefficient with an arbitrary chosen code, based on the FTMM. The results indicated a good accuracy of the different formulations to determine the finite-size radiation impedance. However, its implementation in the computation of the sound absorption coefficient as well as the upper limit of the range of incidence angles within which the acoustic field is simulated, and the model adopted to describe each material, significantly influenced the results.

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