Optimal Control of Solar Heating and Off-Peak Energy Storage Installations

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
G. B. Winn ◽  
R. C. Winn
Keyword(s):  
Storage Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Electric Resistance ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Peak Energy ◽  
Electric Resistance Heating ◽  
Utility Cost ◽  
The Cost

It is well known that the widespread use of solar heating or cooling systems could lead to an increase in the cost of supply of power by the electric utilities. However, it is also recognized that by using appropriate control strategies in these systems the cost of supply may be reduced relative to that of electric resistance heating systems. Control strategies for solar heating systems and for off-peak heat storage systems have been developed and investigated in terms of utility cost of supply for the year 1990. This paper includes a discussion of results obtained for off-peak storage systems, solar heating systems, and combined solar and off-peak systems for the area served by Public Service Co. of New Mexico.

scholarly journals Model Predictive Control Strategies to Activate the Energy Flexibility for Zones with Hydronic Radiant Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195
Author(s):  
Ali Saberi Derakhtenjani ◽  
Andreas K. Athienitis
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
High Price ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
Peak Demand ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Floor System ◽  
Radiant Floor Heating

This paper presents control strategies to activate energy flexibility for zones with radiant heating systems in response to changes in electricity prices. The focus is on zones with radiant floor heating systems for which the hydronic pipes are located deep in the concrete and, therefore, there is a significant thermal lag. A perimeter zone test-room equipped with a hydronic radiant floor system in an environmental chamber is used as a case study. A low order thermal network model for the perimeter zone, validated with experimental measurements, is utilized to study various control strategies in response to changes in the electrical grid price signal, including short term (nearly reactive) changes of the order of 10–15 min notice. An index is utilized to quantify the building energy flexibility with the focus on peak demand reduction for specific periods of time when the electricity prices are higher than usual. It is shown that the developed control strategies can aid greatly in enhancing the zone energy flexibility and minimizing the cost of electricity and up to 100% reduction in peak power demand and energy consumption is attained during the high-price and peak-demand periods, while maintaining acceptable comfort conditions.

Solar space heating with air and liquid systems

1980 ◽  
Vol 295 (1414) ◽  
pp. 349-359
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Liquid Systems ◽  
And Storage

Seasonal and annual performance data are available on only a limited number of the several thousand solar space heating systems now in operation. The emerging information indicates that most of the heat required in buildings can be supplied by solar energy delivered from flat-plate collectors and stored overnight in tanks of water and bins of rock pebbles. Numerous mechanical and operational problems, mainly in liquid collection and storage systems, demand attention. Annual costs of solar heating equipment and its installation usually exceed current values of energy savings, but fuel prices are expected to escalate at rates which often favour solar purchase today. Detailed performance data on several types of solar heating and cooling systems in buildings of identical design are presented, compared and interpreted. Maintenance and repair requirements are noted and contrasted, and forecasts of use in various applications are presented.

Inexpensive Performance Monitoring of Solar Domestic Water Heating Systems

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Clausing
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Solar Fraction ◽  
The Cost

Performance monitoring is essential in order to conclusively demonstrate the cost effectiveness of a solar heating system. Unfortunately, this “last step” is an aspect which has received little engineering consideration. The monitoring programs in progress typically use instrumentation which is much too expensive and complex for use by individual operators of domestic water heating systems. Hence, few systems are monitored, and the average owner knows little about the performance characteristics of his system. Even malfunctions go undetected. An inexpensive performance monitoring system is described in this paper. It could probably be mass-produced for under 15 dollars or built by the typical homeowner for under 30 dollars. The monitor indicates the instantaneous solar fraction. Overall system performance can be improved with this monitor, since it enables the user to correlate load with the availability of solar heated water. Methodology, performance parameters, and some performance data are presented.

A Thermodynamic Study of Heating with Geothermal Energy

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Reistad ◽  
B. Yao ◽  
M. Gunderson
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Performance Parameter ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Resistance Heating ◽  
Geothermal Resource ◽  
Electric Resistance ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Geothermal Heating ◽  
Electric Resistance Heating

A thermodynamic analysis of various methods of heating while using either purely geothermal energy or a combination of geothermal energy and conventional energy has been completed. Since geothermal energy, unlike conventional fuels, has an available energy that is markedly lower than its energy, a first law of thermodynamics performance parameter cannot accurately portray the thermodynamic performance and the second law based performance parameter (effectiveness) is used as the objective function during optimization. Results of the analysis present the optimum performance of several systems as a function of heating temperature and geothermal resource temperature. These results show that when only heating is required at a temperature substantially below the existing geothermal resource temperature a conventional direct geothermal heating system is thermodyanmically desirable. However, when heating is desired at temperatures near that of the geothermal resource, systems that use heat pumps can provide superior performance. Furthermore, for the usual range of water-dominated geothermal resource temperatures (up to about 500 or 525 K) some geothermally based heating systems have performance superior to that of fossil-fired furnaces and electric resistance heating systems at heating temperatures up to, and somewhat above, that of the resource temperature. At higher heating temperature, however, it is shown that furnaces and electric resistance heating systems improve their relative position and can have superior performance.

scholarly journals Research and Design of Photoelectric Solar Tracking System

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Tian Hua Li ◽  
De Qing Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Light Collection ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Solar Energy Utilization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Research And Design

In this paper, a set of solar tracking system based on the photosensitive resistance has been studied and designed from the perspectives of practicality, economy and reliability. The device is simple and reliable. The sensitivity is high and the cost is low. It is suitable for the solar tracking of various solar energy utilization devices such as the medium and small solar light collection systems, the solar power systems, the solar heating systems and some others.

scholarly journals Control strategies of solar heating systems coupled with seasonal thermal energy storage in self-sufficient buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 103069
Author(s):  
Willy Villasmil ◽  
Marcel Troxler ◽  
Reto Hendry ◽  
Philipp Schuetz ◽  
Jörg Worlitschek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Heating Systems
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