Effect of Normal Stiffness in Loading System on Wear of Carbon Steel—Part 1: Severe-Mild Wear Transition

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Chiou ◽  
K. Kato ◽  
T. Kayaba
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Steel Part ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Normal Stiffness ◽  
Mild Wear ◽  
Loading System ◽  
Wear Transition

It is shown that the severe-mild wear transition and the wear rate of 0.45 percent carbon steel pair in dry friction is greatly influenced by the change of normal stiffness from 1 N/mm to 586000 N/mm in loading system. The wear rate increases with the increase of normal stiffness and the severe wear state is predominant under larger normal stiffness at low sliding velocity (0.25 m/s). However, the wear rate decreases with the increase of normal stiffness and the mild wear state is predominant under larger normal stiffness at high sliding velocity (1.57 m/s). This complicated wear behavior is explained by analyzing the effect of normal stiffness and normal load on wear rate-sliding velocity curve. It suggests that the increase of normal stiffness should physically mean the increase of normal load.

Effect of Normal Stiffness in Loading System on Wear of Carbon Steel—Part 2: Dynamic Normal Load and Effective Sliding Distance

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Chiou ◽  
K. Kato
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Steel Part ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Normal Stiffness ◽  
Loading System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sliding Distance

In order to explain the effect of normal stiffness in the loading system on wear, the mean dynamic normal load and the effective sliding distance were determined from the record of dynamic normal load. The mean dynamic normal load was approximately constant at normal stiffnesses smaller than 10 N/mm and increased markedly at normal stiffnesses larger than 103 N/mm. The effective sliding distance was approximately equal to the apparent sliding distance at normal stiffnesses smaller than 10 N/mm and decreased markedly at normal stiffnesses larger than 103 N/mm. The effective wear rate was newly defined in terms of the effective sliding distance. The change of effective wear rate with the change of sliding velocity was linearly correlated to the change of mean dynamic normal load under each normal load and normal stiffness.

Effect of High Temperature on Wear Behavior of Stir Cast Aluminium/Boron Carbide Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1046
Author(s):  
X. Canute ◽  
M. C. Majumder
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Boron Carbide ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
High Temperature Wear ◽  
The Matrix

AbstractThe need for development of high temperature wear resistant composite materials with superior mechanical properties and tribological properties is increasing significantly. The high temperature wear properties of aluminium boron carbide composites was evaluated in this investigation. The effect of load, sliding velocity, temperature and reinforcement percentage on wear rate was determined by the pin heating method using pin heating arrangement. The size and structure of base alloy particles change considerably with an increase of boron carbide particles. The wettability and interface bonding between the matrix and reinforcement enhanced by the addition of potassium flurotitanate. ANOVA technique was used to study the effect of input parameters on wear rate. The investigation reveals that the load had higher significance than sliding velocity, temperature and weight fraction. The pin surface was studied with a high-resolution scanning electron microscope. Regression analysis revealed an extensive association between control parameters and response. The developed composites can be used in the production of automobile parts requiring high wear, frictional and thermal resistance.

Investigation of friction and wear behavior of hydroxyl-functionalized graphene nanoplatelets filled elastomer nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110616
Author(s):  
Hasan Kasim ◽  
Adem Onat ◽  
Barış Engin ◽  
İsmail Saraç
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
Sealing Elements

The use of unfilled pure elastomer parts is limited in friction wheels, roller tires, sealing elements, and dynamic friction air suspension applications requiring high wear resistance. This study investigates the mechanical and tribological properties of new nanocomposites obtained by adding hydroxyl-functionalized graphene nanoplatelets at 1, 4, and 8 phr (parts per hundred rubber) ratios to the carbon black filled main rubber compound of sealing elements designed for axle hubs. The synergistic effect of nanofiller materials on the wear behavior of nanocomposites was tested with a block-on-ring wear tester under dry sliding conditions at 1000 rpm and 15 N normal load conditions. The worn surfaces were examined with scanning electron microscopy and circularly polarized light–differential interference contrast topology microscopy to reveal the wear mechanism. The addition of functionalized graphene nanoplatelets to the nanocomposite compound caused significant changes in tensile strength and elongation values by changing the cross-link density. The wear rate of nanocomposites prepared with graphene nanoplatelets at 1, 4, and 8 phr ratios was 11.15%, 25.24%, and 36.54% lower than the main rubber mixture used, respectively. While the hysteresis loss decreased by 14.83% at 1 phr, this value increased in other filler ratios. Significant differences in temperature change occurred as the amount of filler increased. After the test, the temperature values of nanocomposites with 1 and 4 phr filler ratios were between about 85–89°C, while it was measured as 99°C in nanocomposites with 8 phr filler ratios. It has been observed that the homogeneous distribution of two-dimensional carbon allotropes such as graphene nanoplatelet added to the rubber matrix at the optimum rate will improve tribological properties such as better surface lubrication, low wear rate, and low friction coefficient.

Friction Coefficient and Wear Rate of Different Materials Sliding Against Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewan Muhammad Nuruzzaman ◽  
Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Ss 304

This paper examines the relation between friction/wear and different types of steel materials under different normal loads and sliding velocities and to explore the possibility of adding controlled normal load and sliding velocity to a mechanical process. In order to do so, a pin on disc apparatus is designed and fabricated. Experiments are carried out when different types of disc materials such as stainless steel 304 (SS 304), stainless steel 316 (SS 316) and mild steel slide against stainless steel 304 (SS 304) pin. Variations of friction coefficient with the duration of rubbing at different normal loads and sliding velocities are investigated. Results show that friction coefficient varies with duration of rubbing, normal load and sliding velocity. In general, friction coefficient increases for a certain duration of rubbing and after that it remains constant for the rest of the experimental time. The obtained results reveal that friction coefficient decreases with the increase in normal load for all the tested materials. It is also found that friction coefficient increases with the increase in sliding velocity for all the materials investigated. Moreover, wear rate increases with the increase in normal load and sliding velocity. At identical operating condition, the magnitudes of friction coefficient and wear rate are different for different materials depending on sliding velocity and normal load.

The Sliding Wear Behavior of Titanium Carbide Dispersion-Reinforced Steel

2007 ◽  
Vol 124-126 ◽  
pp. 1573-1576
Author(s):  
Jeong Keun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Titanium Carbide ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Track ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Technique ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Reinforced Steel

The tribological behavior of TiC-based metal matrix composites was investigated via measuring counterpart weight. The composites were prepared using powder metallurgy technique. Wear of counterpart by the composites varying from 35 to 45 % by volume Titanium carbide were observed over a load ranges of 9.81 to 49.05 N and sliding velocities of 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8 and 3.0 m/sec. Detailed wear track micro-graphy was done to verify the effect of sliding condition on wear mechanism. Observations indicate that wear rate of counterpart increases with the increase in load and the sliding velocity and discontinuous wear rate change occurs at a certain load.

Sliding Wear Behavior of a Duplex Stainless Steel

2009 ◽  
Vol 423 ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Mestra ◽  
Gemma Fargas ◽  
Marc Anglada ◽  
Antonio Mateo
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Fatigue Wear ◽  
Sliding Distance

Duplex stainless steels contain similar amounts of austenite  and ferrite α. This two-phase microstructure leads to an excellent combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, there are few works dealing with the wear behaviour of these steels. This paper aims to determine the sliding wear mechanisms of a duplex stainless steel type 2205. In order to do it, three different sliding velocities (0.2, 0.7 and 1.2 m/s) and six sliding distances (500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 m) were selected. The results show that wear rate depends on both sliding velocity and sliding distance. The wear mechanisms detected were plowing, microcracking and microcutting (typical mechanisms of fatigue wear). These mechanisms evolve according to sliding velocity and sliding distance, highlighting a transition zone in which wear rate is reduced.

scholarly journals Effect of Nanobainite Content on the Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of an Al-Alloyed High Carbon Steel with Nanobainitic Microstructure

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohuan Song ◽  
Songhao Zhao ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Junjie Sun ◽  
Yingjun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Peak Hardness ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
High Carbon

In this work, a multiphase microstructure consisting of nanobainte, martensite, undissolved spherical carbide, and retained blocky austenite has been prepared in an Al-alloyed high carbon steel. The effect of the amount of nanobainite on the dry sliding wear behavior of the steel is studied using a pin-on-disc tester with loads ranging from 25–75 N. The results show that, there is no significant differences in specific wear rate (SWR) for samples with various amounts of nanobainite when the normal load is 25 N. While, the SWR firstly decreases and then increases with increasing the amount of nanobainite, and the optimum wear resistance is obtained for samples with 60 vol.% nanobainite, when the applied load increases to 50 and 75 N. The improved wear resistance is attributed to the peak hardness increment resulted from the transformation of retained austenite to martensite, work hardening, along with amorphization and nanocrystallization of the worn surface. In addition, the highest toughness of the samples with 60 vol.% nanobainite is also proven to play a positive role in resisting sliding wear. EDS (energy dispersion spectrum) and XRD (X-ray diffraction) examinations reveal that the predominant failure mechanism is oxidative wear.

scholarly journals Optimization of Wear Process Parameters on 17-Cr Ferritic ODS Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1828-1836
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Oxide Dispersion Strengthened ◽  
Oxide Dispersion ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steel ◽  
Wear Process ◽  
Ods Steel ◽  
Sliding Distance

The main aim of this article deals with the wear behavior of mechanically alloyed 17-Cr oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) Ferritic steel consolidated through Vacuum Hot Pressing (VHP) at temperature level of 1170 °C under pressure level of 60 MPa with 60 minutes as holding time and with rate of cooling of 50 ˚C /min and a vacuum level of 10-3 torr. The persuade of wear process parameters were investigated based on the load applied, sliding velocity and sliding distance at a temperature of 350°C on dry sliding track of 17-Cr Ferritic oxide dispersion strengthened steel (Fe-17Cr-0.35Y2O3 -1.5ZrO2 -4Al (%wt). Wear test was conducted in a dry atmosphere using a pinon-disc wear testing machine. Wear behavior of 17-Cr Ferritic ODS steel was analyzed by using Taguchi approach. To examine the process parameter during high temperature wear rate analysis of variance and signal to noise ratios were used. During the wear analysis sliding distance was found to be influential parameters of wear rate for 17-Cr Ferritic oxide dispersion strengthened steel succeeded by functional load and sliding velocity. The regression model was found to calculate the rate of wear for 17-Cr Ferritic oxide dispersion strengthened steel.

scholarly journals Modeling and Analysis for Wear Performance in Dry Sliding of Epoxy/Glass/PTW Composites Using Full Factorial Techniques

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sudheer ◽  
Ravikantha Prabhu ◽  
K. Raju ◽  
Thirumaleshwara Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Full Factorial

The dry sliding friction and wear behavior of epoxy hybrid composites reinforced with glass fibers and a varying amount of potassium titanate whiskers (PTWs) fabricated by vacuum hand layup method were studied. The influence of normal load, sliding velocity, and whisker content on both friction coefficient and specific wear rate was investigated on a pin-on-disc machine. The tests were conducted at ambient conditions based on the 3 × 3 (3 factors at 3 levels) full factorial design. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to obtain the contribution of control parameters on friction coefficient and wear rate. The density and hardness of the composites were found to be enhanced with the PTW loading. The friction coefficient and wear resistance of the hybrid composites were found to be improved with the whisker content and were also greatly influenced by normal load and sliding velocity. A correlation between dry sliding wear behaviors of composites with wear parameters was obtained by multiple regressions. The worn out surface of selected samples was observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) to identify wear mechanisms. This study revealed that the addition of the ceramic microfillers such as PTW improves the wear performance of the epoxy/glass polymer composites significantly.

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