Coal–Water Slurry Combustion in Gas Turbines

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Staub ◽  
S. G. Kimura ◽  
C. L. Spiro ◽  
M. W. Horner
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Ash Deposition ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Water Slurry ◽  
Coal Water Slurry ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Pilot Fuel ◽  
Burning Coal

This paper presents preliminary results of a program to investigate the key technologies for burning coal-water slurries in gas turbines. Results are given for slurry atomization and combustion testing and analyses performed at conditions typical for gas turbine applications. Significant progress has been made toward the understanding of slurry combustion and ash deposition phenomena. Confidence has been gained to the extent where elimination of a supplementary pilot fuel can now be projected.

Coal-Water Slurry Testing of an Industrial Gas Turbine

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Wenglarz ◽  
C. Wilkes ◽  
R. C. Bourke ◽  
H. C. Mongia
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Water Slurry ◽  
Coal Water Slurry ◽  
Burning Coal ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

This paper describes the first test of an industrial gas turbine and low emissions combustion system on coal-water-slurry fuel. The engine and combustion system have been developed over the past five years as part of the Heat Engines program sponsored by the Morgantown Energy Technology Center of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The engine is a modified Allison 501-K industrial gas turbine designed to produce 3.5 MW of electrical power when burning natural gas or distillate fuel. Full load power output increases to approximately 4.9 MW when burning coal-water slurry as a result of additional turbine mass flow rate. The engine has been modified to accept an external staged combustion system developed specifically for burning coal and low quality ash-bearing fuels. Combustion staging permits the control of NOx from fuel-bound nitrogen while simultaneously controlling CO emissions. Water injection freezes molten ash in the quench zone located between the rich and lean zones. The dry ash is removed from the hot gas stream by two parallel cyclone separators. This paper describes the engine and combustor system modifications required for running on coal and presents the emissions and turbine performance data from the coal-water slurry testing. Included is a discussion of hot gas path ash deposition and planned future work that will support the commercialization of coal-fired gas turbines.

scholarly journals Deposition From a Coal-Water Slurry Fueled Gas Turbine Combustor

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. White ◽  
Richard T. LeCren
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Slag Removal ◽  
Water Slurry ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Coal Water Slurry ◽  
Nozzle Guide

A two-stage coal-water slurry fueled high-pressure gas turbine combustion system employing a primary zone with a hot refractory wall and an internal slag removal system has been designed, built and tested. The molten ash or slag is largely removed internally by aerodynamic means using a form of jet impaction. Some small amount of the mineral matter in the coal, however, does escape the primary zone and exits the combustor. The overall combustion system is extremely flexible and can be readily configured to operate either with a lean or a rich reaction (primary) zone. In most cases a rich primary zone and a lean secondary zone is used. Results showing the emission signatures of a number of coal-water slurry fuels operating with the combustor arranged in a rich primary zone configuration have been presented in a previous paper (1). NOx emissions were obtained that meet EPA regulations for stationary gas turbines. Deposition on a rig simulation of a turbine nozzle guide vane has been measured. The deposition appears to be a strong function of coal type and ash composition.

scholarly journals Combustion and Deposition, Erosion, and Corrosion Tests of Coal Turbine Fuels

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wilkes ◽  
R. Wenglarz ◽  
D. W. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Water Slurry ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Coal Water Slurry ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Burning Coal ◽  
Distillate Fuel

This paper discusses the results obtained from the rich-quench-lean (RQL) combustion system running on distillate fuel and coal water slurry (CWS). Estimates of fuel bound nitrogen (FBN) yield indicate that rich lean combustion is successful in reducing the yield from coal water slurry fuel to between 8% and 12%. Some improvements in combustion efficiency are required when burning coal water slurry to reduce carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons to acceptable levels. These improvements are achievable by increasing the lean zone residence time. Further testing is planned to investigate the effects of residence time in more detail. The planned deposition, erosion, and corrosion (DEC) testing will evaluate alternative approaches for protection from deposition, erosion, and corrosion of turbines operating with coal derived fuels.

Combustion of Coal-Water Slurry in a Two-Cycle Diesel Engine: Effects of Fuel Amount and Timing

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Uzkan ◽  
C. E. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Energy Of Combustion ◽  
Water Slurry ◽  
Coal Particles ◽  
Coal Water Slurry ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Pilot Fuel

Coal-water slurry having micronized coal particles with approximately 50 percent coal loading is successfully ignited and combusted in one cylinder of a two-cylinder 645 EMD engine by using diesel fuel pilot ignition aid. The effects of three different parameters, namely, (a) pilot timing, (b) pilot amount, and (c) CWS fuel amount, are investigated in detail. The physical trends of combustion under single parametric variations are presented in terms of the cylinder pressure, temperature, heat release rates, and cumulative heat release curves. CWS combustion with less than 5 percent of the energy of combustion coming from pilot fuel is achieved.

Advances in Gas Turbine Technology and the Digital Computer

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin Platt
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Interactive Operation ◽  
Technology Advancement ◽  
Coherent Image ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Digital Computers

Recent advances in gas turbine technology from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to concurrent engineering are identified and discussed. These advances are placed in a historical context. Parallels are drawn between advances in gas turbine technology and digital computers. The advent of high-speed digital computers in the late 50s, followed by interactive operation and display graphics in the 70s. and orders-of-magnitude increases in affordable processing speed more recently, have each enabled key technologies for the gas turbine. Examples of such key technologies are given and their evolution is considered. Further, the impact of that technology on gas turbine development is discussed. Those perspectives provide a more coherent image of technology advancement, and thus a greater ability to identify new and future advances that will effect the evolution of gas turbines. The paper concludes with a look into the near future of gas turbine technology.

scholarly journals Properties of Ultra-Clean Coal-Water Slurry Fuels for Direct-Fired Gas Turbines

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Smit ◽  
K. R. Anast ◽  
A. K. Bhasin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Clean Coal ◽  
Eastern Kentucky ◽  
Water Slurry ◽  
Coal Cleaning ◽  
Coal Water Slurry ◽  
Cleaning Technology

Under contract DE-AC21-83MC20700 from the Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC), AMAX Extractive R&D prepared two 250-gallon lots of clean and ultra-clean coal-water slurry fuel for use in a U.S. Department of Energy program to develop coal-fueled direct-fired gas turbines for power generation. Both lots were prepared from Eastern Kentucky high volatile bituminous coal ground to pass 44 micrometers. The first lot, containing 1.95 percent ash, was prepared from coal cleaned by standard industry physical separations. Advanced chemical coal cleaning technology was used during preparation of the second lot which contained 0.40 percent ash. The grinding and cleaning operations and the rheology, composition and other properties of the two slurry fuels are described.

Turbine Off-Line Water Wash Optimization Approach for Power Generation

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Basendwah ◽  
P. Pilidis ◽  
Y. G. Li
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Ash Deposition ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Water Washing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Gains And Losses

Utility Gas turbine users are keen to use crude and heavy fuel oil as their prime operating fuels if they meet environmental regulations and are economically feasible. Fouling, or ash deposition, is one of the associated technical problems with burning such fuels. This paper intended to present new off-line water washing optimization approach for simple cycle gas turbines. In this approach, increased costs due to power loss and increased fuel consumption due to turbine fouling are analyzed. Gains and losses resulting from shutdown due to turbine washing and the cost of cleaning materials are estimated. These losses are compared with that of a clean engine to find the optimal turbine off-line water washing interval. A model gas turbine similar to the GE MS7001 EA has been built for the current study. Turbine fouling simulation and fouling detection have been determined by Cranfield University TURBOMATCH/PYTHIA software. The optimum washing interval for the datum engine is found to be once every fifteen continuous operating days. The effect of changing the washing frequency is shown on financial terms.

scholarly journals Erosion and Corrosion Considerations for PFBC Gas Turbine Expanders

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Wright ◽  
J. Stringer
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Burning Coal

Considerable interest has been developed over the past few years in the application of gas turbines to expand the hot, dirty flue gases from pressurized fluidized-bed combustors (PFBCs) burning coal. Although no full-size gas turbine has yet operated on a PFBC, firm commitments have been made to build commercial PFBC-GT power plants. In addition, there are a number of projects at various stages of development aimed at operating gas turbines on dirty fuels ranging from the expansion of flue gas from the combustion of pulverized coal, to the direct firing of coal-water mixtures. Common concerns of all these applications include erosion and corrosion of the gas turbine hot gas path components. This paper attempts to provide an overview of results of research and testing so far reported in these areas, and to make an assessment of the engineering trade-offs required for the successful operation of PFBC gas turbine expanders.

scholarly journals Application of Water Cooling for Improved Gas Turbine Fuel Flexibility and Availability

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Rose ◽  
A. Caruvana ◽  
H. Von E. Doering ◽  
D. P. Smith ◽  
A. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Ash Deposition ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Demonstration Program ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Heavy Duty Gas Turbine ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Stage 1

Near term application of water cooling to stage 1 nozzles on present day gas turbines results in significant improvements in fuel flexibility and performance. Design and performance calculations for application of a water-cooled stage 1 nozzle are compared to an air-cooled stage 1 nozzle in a heavy duty gas turbine. The results of ash deposition tests of both air-cooled and water-cooled nozzles using simulated residual fuel are presented for firing temperatures of 1850°F and 2050°F. This work was jointly sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute and General Electric under the Advanced Cooling, Full-Scale Engine Demonstration Program.

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