Industrial Application of a Direct Refrigeration System for Energy Conservation

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-173
Author(s):  
D. P. Shea ◽  
J. E. Shelton ◽  
T. L. White
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Process Plant ◽  
Liquid Heat ◽  
Intermediate Cooling ◽  
Industrial Refrigeration

A large direct industrial refrigeration system was installed to reduce energy consumption in a chemical process plant. Electrical energy was saved by eliminating an intermediate cooling circuit including chilled liquid heat exchangers and glycol circulating pumps. A benefit of the system was increased production capacity by improving evaporator heat transfer, which reduced batch cycle time. This paper discusses system design, start-up and operating experience, and energy savings.

Dynamic mode performance evaluation and energy analysis of mains and inverter driven refrigeration compressors

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Tassou ◽  
T Q Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
Design Load ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Driven System

In this study the dynamic mode performance of an inverter driven and direct mains driven compressor has been evaluated using a laboratory-based test facility. The aim was to investigate the influence of the inverter on the start-up performance of a refrigeration system and quantify and compare start-up losses for the two modes of operation. The results indicate that an inverter driven system incurs approximately 5 per cent higher start-up losses than a direct mains driven system. This is mainly due to the ‘soft’ starting capabilities of the inverter (gradual acceleration of the motor). An energy analysis of fixed speed and inverter driven refrigeration systems in air-conditioning applications has shown that despite the additional start-up transient losses of inverter driven systems they lead to higher seasonal efficiencies than fixed-speed systems. This arises from improved steady state performance during low-speed operation at loads below the design load of the system. It has been found that the level of energy savings is a function of the type of compressor employed in the variable-speed system.

scholarly journals AUDIT ENERGI PADA SEBUAH HOTEL

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Didik Ariwibowo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
Pumping System

Didik Ariwibowo, in this paper explain that energy audit activities conducted through several phases, namely: the initial audit, detailed audit, analysis of energy savings opportunities, and the proposed energy savings. Total energy consumed consists of electrical energy, fuel, and materials in this case is water. Electrical energy consumption data obtained from payment of electricity accounts for a year while consumption of fuel and water obtained from the payment of material procurement. From the calculation data, IKE hotels accounted for 420.867 kWh/m2.tahun, while the IKE standards for the hotel is 300 kWh/m2.tahun. Thus, IKE hotel included categorized wasteful in energy usage. The largest energy consumption on electric energy consumption. Largest electric energy consumption is on the air conditioning (AC-air conditioning) that is equal to 71.3%, and lighting and electrical equipment at 27.28%, and hot water supply system by 4.44%. Electrical energy consumption in AC looks very big. Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the statutes, the profile of energy use by air conditioning at the hotel by 48.5%. With these considerations in the AC target for audit detail as the next phase of activity. The results of a detailed audit analysis to find an air conditioning system energy savings opportunities in pumping systems. Recommendations on these savings is the integration of automation on the pumping system and fan coil units (FCU). The principle of energy conservation in the pumping system is by installing variable speed drives (VSD) pump drive motor to adjust speed according to load on the FCU. Load variations FCU provide input on the VSD pumps to match. Adaptation is predicted pump can save electricity consumption up to 65.7%. Keywords: energy audit, IKE, AC

scholarly journals KAJIAN SUMBER ENERGI PADA PENGOLAHAN KELAPA SAWIT MENJADI CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) DI PT. ALNO AGRO UTAMA SUMINDO OIL MILL, BENGKULU UTARA

AGROINTEK ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Lukman Hidayat ◽  
Fitri Electrika Dewi Surawan ◽  
Arga Harianda Lumban Raja
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Initial Energy ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Energy Needs

Increasing demand for Crude Palm Oil (CPO) as the vegetable oil was causing the industry to cultivate palm oil increased, so that the energy required to produce CPO also increased. The purpose of this study is to identify the type, source and calculate the amount of energy needs, calculate the level of efficiency and energy savings opportunities. Stages of the research are  initial energy analysis, a detailed energy, and energy analysis in processing systems. Based on the research results, to produce each kg of CPO processing capacity of 60 ton TBS / hour with a recovery rate of 20.59% of primary energy needs of 16.200679 MJ / kg. Real boiler efficiency of 45.69%, the real efficiency of the turbine was 94, 86%. Turbine efficiency  to generate electrical energy by 1.09%, the technical efficiency of 66.80% turbines, diesel generators technical efficiency of 47.25%, the technical efficiency of electric motors by 59.37%.  The total efficiency  of  electricity  use by 4,75%, the efficiency of diesel estate of 1.379% and the efficiency of the use of steam at 93.77%. Energy can be saved by 0.0442 MJ / kg with a description of human powered energy of 0.0004316 MJ / kg, energy electrical energy by .04372 MJ / kg. While energy can be stored on the excess energy to fuel biomass boiler was 1.45 MJ / kg

scholarly journals ANALISIS POTENSI PENGHEMATAN PADA PLTU UNIT 5 DENGAN AUDIT ENERGI PADA MOTOR PEMAKAIAN SENDIRI DI PT PJB MUARA KARANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Redaksi Tim Jurnal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Personal Use

PT PJB Muara Karang power plant is an industry with a large electrical energy consumption for auxiliary power. In ISO50001 itensitas Energy Consumption (IKE) is a great need to audit energy consumption. In the contract the company's performance also set a percentage of personal use should not exceed 6% of the electricity production. Currently Posentase usage of own consumption at power plant unit 5 is greater than the power plant unit 4. It is necessary for an energy audit for the usage of its own in order to decrease the percentage of personal use in the power plant 5 0.5% of the current conditions and find energy savings opportunities in the power plant unit 5.To analyze this problem using energy audits, analyzes the performance test method using "gate cycle" and testing the quality of the voltage source by using the power quality measurement analysis. Having found the equipment with the largest energy comsumtion fish bone tools used to find the main cause of this disorder.

scholarly journals Managing Inventory and Production Capacity in Start-Up Firms

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn C. Thomas ◽  
Thomas W. Archibald ◽  
Edgar Possani
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Start Up

Commissioning and Early Operating Experience Point Aconi Circulating Fluidized Bed, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-404
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Site Testing ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Commercial Operation

The paper gives a summary description of the commissioning and early operating experience on the Circulating Fluidized Bed Unit at Nova Scotia Power Incorporated's Point Aconi Generating Plant. The experience quoted is limited to the boiler and auxiliaries including ash handling. Both coal and limestone characteristics have presented some unique challenges to the start-up of this unit and have required major on site testing and some field modifications to address them. The current status of the unit is given with a description of the on-going activities that will follow to complete the final commercial operation of the plant.

Energy Storage Start-up Strategies for Concentrated Solar Power Plants With a Dual-Media Thermal Storage System

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Xu ◽  
Peiwen Li ◽  
Cho Lik Chan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Hot Start

A concentrated solar power (CSP) plant typically has thermal energy storage (TES), which offers advantages of extended operation and power dispatch. Using dual-media, TES can be cost-effective because of the reduced use of heat transfer fluid (HTF), usually an expensive material. The focus of this paper is on the effect of a start-up period thermal storage strategy to the cumulative electrical energy output of a CSP plant. Two strategies—starting with a cold storage tank (referred to as “cold start”) and starting with a fully charged storage tank (referred to as “hot start”)—were investigated with regards to their effects on electrical energy production in the same period of operation. An enthalpy-based 1D transient model for energy storage and temperature variation in solid filler material and HTF was applied for both the sensible heat storage system (SHSS) and the latent heat storage system (LHSS). The analysis was conducted for a CSP plant with an electrical power output of 60 MWe. It was found that the cold start is beneficial for both the SHSS and LHSS systems due to the overall larger electrical energy output over the same number of days compared to that of the hot start. The results are expected to be helpful for planning the start-up operation of a CSP plant with a dual-media thermal storage system.

A case study of the Flex LNG/Rift Oil floating LNG project in Papua New Guinea

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Peter Dighton
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Fiscal Regime ◽  
Project Structure

Flex LNG Limited is a producer of units for the production, storage and off-take of liquefied natural gas (LNG). It currently has four of these units committed for construction by Samsung Heavy Industries in Korea, utilising the SPB LNG containment system. The world’s first floating liquefaction unit will be delivered to Flex in 2012. Floating LNG facilities have unique potential for monetising uncommitted gas reserves. In June 2008 Flex and Rift PLC entered into a co-operation agreement under which they agreed to work together to develop a floating liquefaction project offshore Papua New Guinea (PNG). The project will utilise Rift’s gas reserves and one of Flex LNG’s floating liquefaction units. Annual production capacity will be 1.5 million tonnes of LNG and start-up is targetted for 2012. The paper will be a case study of this project including: critical path, project structure and contractual matrix, upstream reserves and facilities, feed gas quantity and quality, pipeline issues and, key design parameters and liquefaction operations for the LNG producer. The paper will also cover: direct and indirect stakeholders in the project; economics and financing; PNG-specific issues such as geography, permitting, fiscal regime, local employment opportunities, marine conditions, infrastructure and sovereign risk; LNG demand in the Pacific and LNG marketing and off-take arrangements.

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