Fuel Microemulsions for Jet Engine Smoke Reduction

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Naegeli ◽  
C. A. Moses
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Anhydrous Ethanol ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Engine Test ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Ethanol Fuel ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Alcohol Fuel ◽  
Test Cells

The concept of water and alcohol/fuel microemulsions for the purpose of reducing smoke emissions from jet engine test cells was studied in a T-63 gas turbine combustor. Several ethanol/fuel, methanol/fuel, and water/fuel microemulsions were prepared with JP-4 and JP-8 base fuels and the appropriate surfactants; anhydrous ethanol was miscible in both base fuels. These blends reduced radiation and exhaust smoke, increased CO and total hydrocarbon emissions, and decreased combustion efficiency. NOx was reduced when the surfactant did not contain nitrogen. The reductions in smoke and radiation correlated with changes in the H/C ratio of the fuel blends. Anhydrous ethanol/fuel solutions were most effective in reducing smoke from the standpoint of cost, operational, and systems effects.

scholarly journals Fuel Microemulsions for Jet Engine Smoke Reduction

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Naegeli ◽  
C. A. Moses
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Anhydrous Ethanol ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Engine Test ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Ethanol Fuel ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Alcohol Fuel ◽  
Test Cells

The concept of water and alcohol/fuel microemulsions for the purpose of reducing smoke emissions from jet engine test cells was studied in a T-63 gas turbine combustor. Several ethanol/fuel, methanol/fuel, and water/fuel microemulsions were prepared with JP-4 and JP-8 base fuels and the appropriate surfactants; anhydrous ethanol was miscible in both base fuels. These blends reduced radiation and exhaust smoke, increased CO and total hydrocarbon emissions, and decreased combustion efficiency. NOx was reduced when the surfactant did not contain nitrogen. The reductions in smoke and radiation correlated with changes in the H/C ratio of the fuel blends. Anhydrous ethanol/fuel solutions were most effective in reducing smoke from the standpoint of cost, operational, and systems effects.

Discrete tones in subsonic jet engine test cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
G. Desmarais ◽  
J. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Engine Test ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Test Cells ◽  
Subsonic Jet

Advanced Test Cell Diagnostics for Gas Turbine Engines (USAF Automated Jet Engine Test Strategy – AJETS)

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Roemer ◽  
Gregory J. Kacprzynski ◽  
Michael Schoeller ◽  
Ron Howe ◽  
Richard Friend
Keyword(s):  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Test Cell ◽  
Engine Test ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Test Strategy ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Test Cells ◽  
And Performance

Improved test cell diagnostics capable of detecting and classifying engine mechanical and performance faults as well as instrumentation problems is critical to reducing engine operating and maintenance costs while optimizing test cell effectiveness. Proven anomaly detection and fault classification techniques utilizing engine Gas Path Analysis (GPA) and statistical/empirical models of structural and performance related engine areas can now be implemented for real-time and post-test diagnostic assessments. Integration and implementation of these proven technologies into existing USAF engine test cells presents a great opportunity to significantly improve existing engine test cell capabilities to better meet today’s challenges. A suite of advanced diagnostic and troubleshooting tools have recently been developed and implemented for gas turbine engine test cells as part of the Automated Jet Engine Test Strategy (AJETS) program. AJETS is an innovative USAF program for improving existing engine test cells by providing more efficient and advanced monitoring, diagnostic and troubleshooting capabilities. This paper describes the basic design features of the AJETS system; including the associated data network, sensor validation and anomaly detection/diagnostic software that was implemented in both a real-time and post-test analysis mode. These advanced design features of AJETS are currently being evaluated and advanced utilizing data from TF39 test cell installations at Travis AFB and Dover AFB.

Contribution Ratio Study of Fuel Alcohol and Gasoline on the Alcohol and Hydrocarbon Emissions of a Gasohol Engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanju Wei ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Wenrui Wang ◽  
Shenghua Liu ◽  
Yajing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Emission Rate ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Contribution Ratio ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Alcohol Fraction ◽  
Alcohol Fuel

Methanol (CH3OH) and ethanol (C2H5OH) are generally called alcohol. They can be mixed with gasoline to fuel SI engine. The fuel blends of alcohol and gasoline are named gasohol. Alcohol emission characteristics and the contributions of fuel on hydrocarbon (HC) emission were experimentally investigated on a three-cylinder, electronic controlled, spark ignition JL368Q3 engine when it ran on 10 (v/v) %, 20 (v/v) %, and 85 (v/v) % methanol/gasoline and ethanol/gasoline fuel blends. Experimental results show that, the value of alcohol emission rates (g alcohol emission per kg alcohol fuel, g/kg.) is a decreasing exponential function of exhaust temperature with high correlation; regardless of the alcohol fraction in fuel blends, the CH3OH emission rate is no more than 8%, while that of C2H5OH no more than 35%. The emission rate of nonalcohol HC was one grade higher than the alcohol emission rate; the minimum HC emission rate occurs at middle and high engine loads, it is around 40% for methanol/gasoline blends and about 50% for ethanol/gasoline blends. Gasoline is the main source of HC emission of gasohol engine, methanol contributes no more than 8% while ethanol no more than 25% on HC emission.

Measurements on Sound Absorbers for Jet‐Engine Test Cells

1956 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-692
Author(s):  
Richard V. Waterhouse ◽  
Richard K. Cook ◽  
Raymond D. Berendt
Keyword(s):  
Engine Test ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Test Cells

Measuring the Sound Attenuation of Space Absorbers for Jet‐Engine Test Cells

1954 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-939
Author(s):  
Richard V. Waterhouse ◽  
Richard K. Cook ◽  
Raymond D. Berendt
Keyword(s):  
Sound Attenuation ◽  
Engine Test ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Test Cells
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