Development, Fabrication, and Testing of a Prototype Water-Cooled Gas Turbine Nozzle

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Collins ◽  
M. C. Muth ◽  
W. F. Schilling
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
General Electric ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Aqueous Corrosion ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Efficient Heat Transfer ◽  
Gas Turbine Nozzle ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

The design and development of a water-cooled high temperature gas turbine has been under active investigation by the General Electric Gas Turbine Division for the past 15 years. The transition from testing small scale, laboratory-size experimental hardware to full scale industrial gas turbine components was initiated in 1975 by General Electric and extended further under the U.S. Department of Energy’s High Temperature Turbine Technology (HTTT) program. A key element in this transition was the identification of a composite (hybrid) design for the first stage nozzles. This design permits efficient heat transfer to the water-cooling passageways, thus lowering effective strains and increasing part life. This paper describes the metallurgical considerations and process technology required for such hardware. A review of the materials selection criteria utilized for the nozzle is presented, along with the results of several materials development programs aimed at determining metallurgical compatibility of the component materials, diffusion bonding behavior and both hot corrosion and aqueous corrosion performance of key materials. A brief description of the actual cascade testing of the part is given, along with results of a post-test metallurgical analysis of the tested hardware.

Post-Test Evaluation of a Prototype Composite Water-Cooled Gas Turbine Nozzle

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Muth ◽  
A. M. Beltran
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
General Electric ◽  
Microstructural Evaluation ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Efficient Heat Transfer ◽  
Cooling Passage ◽  
Gas Turbine Nozzle

Water-cooled high temperature gas turbine technology has been under investigation by the Gas Turbine Division of the General Electric Company for the past 15 years. The transition from testing small scale laboratory-size hardware to full-scale gas turbine components was initiated in 1975 by General Electric and extended further under the U.S. Department of Energy’s High Temperature Turbine Technology (HTTT) Program. A key element in this transition was the identification of a composite (hybrid) design for the first-stage nozzles. This design permits efficient heat transfer to the water-cooling passage-ways, thus lowering effective strains and increasing part life. The results of GE’s extensive efforts over many years to develop a composite water-cooled first-stage nozzle were further confirmed through the successful fabrication and testing of full-scale hardware under the DOE/HTTT Program. This paper describes the post test metallurgical evaluation of two segments of the nozzle tested under the DOE/HTTT program. A brief description of the actual hot-gas path testing of the part is given. The bulk of the paper deals with a microstructural evaluation of the segments including microprobe traces and hardness surveys. Pre- and post-test non-destructive evaluations are also reviewed.

Small-scale specimen testing for fatigue life assessment of service-exposed industrial gas turbine blades

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 262-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Holländer ◽  
D. Kulawinski ◽  
A. Weidner ◽  
M. Thiele ◽  
H. Biermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gas Turbine Blades ◽  
Fatigue Life Assessment ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Development and F-Class Industrial Gas Turbine Engine Testing of Smart Components With Direct-Write Embedded Sensors and High Temperature Wireless Telemetry

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mitchell ◽  
Anand Kulkarni ◽  
Edward Roesch ◽  
Ramesh Subramanian ◽  
Andrew Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Condition Based Maintenance ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Wireless Telemetry ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

The potential for savings provided to worldwide operators of industrial gas turbines, by transitioning from the current standard of interval-based maintenance to condition-based maintenance may be in the tens of millions of dollars per year. Knowledge of the historical and current condition of life-limiting components will enable more efficient use of industrial gas turbine resources via increased operational flexibility, with less risk of unplanned outages as a result of off-parameter operations. To date, it has been impossible to apply true condition-based maintenance to industrial gas turbines because the extremely harsh operating conditions in the heart of a gas turbine preclude using the necessary advanced sensor systems to monitor the machine’s condition continuously. The U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Institute of Standards and Technology – Advanced Technology Program (NIST-ATP) awarded the Joint Venture team of Siemens Power Generation, Inc. and MesoScribe Technologies, Inc. a four-year, $5.4 million program in November, 2004, titled Conformal, Direct-Write-Technology-Enabled, Wireless, Smart Turbine Components. The target was to develop a potentially industry-changing technology to build smart, self-aware engine components that incorporate embedded, harsh-environment-capable sensors and high temperature capable wireless telemetry systems for continuously monitoring component condition in both the compressor and turbine sections. The approach involves several difficult engineering challenges, including the need to embed sensors on complex shapes, such as turbine blades, embedding wireless telemetry systems in regions with temperatures that preclude the use of conventional silicon-based electronics, protecting both sensors and wireless devices from the extreme temperatures and environments of an operating gas turbine, and successfully transmitting the sensor information from an environment very hostile to wireless signals. The program included full-scale, F-class industrial gas turbine engine test demonstrations with smart components in both the compressor and turbine sections. The results of the development program and engine testing to date will be discussed.

Ongoing Development of a Low Emission Industrial Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
V. M. Sood ◽  
J. R. Shekleton
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Premix Combustion ◽  
Fuel Staging ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Experiments were performed in laboratory-and full-scale combustors to test the feasibility of meeting proposed EPA emission standards. It was found that by uniformly mixing gaseous fuel and primary zone air prior to combustion and burning fuel leanly (equivalence ratio <1.0), it was possible to meet the proposed emission standards in an industrial gas turbine. The characteristic narrow range of flame stability obtained with lean premix combustion necessitated the use of fuel staging or variable geometry to handle the operational range of the engine. Fuel staging was selected for its relative simplicity. Consequently, EPA proposed emission standards were met only over a narrow range covering the engine operation at and near the design point. Experiments on small scale models of various sizes operated with gaseous and liquid fuels showed that, contrary to expectation, NOx production from a lean premix combustion system is independent of the system pressure in the pressure range investigated (1 atm to 16 atm). The desirability of high combustor inlet temperature and pressure for premixing was indicated. Despite the complexities of premixing fuel and air, such a combustion system, in addition to meeting the proposed emission standards, offers advantages such as easing of combustor wall cooling problems, improved combustor exit temperature distribution, and freedom from exhaust and primary zone smoke.

Mechanical Reliability Operational Experience in the Modern High Temperature Industrial Gas Turbine

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Korta
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Mechanical Reliability ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Regenerative Cycle

The CW352 two shaft industrial type gas turbine was first put in commercial service in 1979. By mid 1985 units in simple cycle and regenerative modes have accumulated in excess of 200,000 hrs. of operation, with lead units in excess of 50,000 hrs. simple cycle mode and 35,000 hrs. in regenerative cycle mode. The paper discusses the operational experience with emphasis on early field problems and their solutions.

Mechanical Reliability Considerations in the Modern High Temperature Industrial Gas Turbine

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282
Author(s):  
J. J. Korta
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Mechanical Reliability ◽  
Service Experience ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
High Degree

The mechanical design considerations of the CW352 two shaft industrial type gas turbine are discussed with emphasis on achieving a high degree of mechanical reliability based on the extensive service experience of the company’s mature 1450°F inlet machines. Problem areas of the early units are discussed and how avoidance of problems has been considered in the design of the CW352.

Progress of an Externally Fired Evaporative Gas Turbine Cycle for Small Scale Biomass Gasification

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Marroyen ◽  
Svend Bram ◽  
Jacques De Ruyck
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Air Heater ◽  
Fluidized Bed Gasifier ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The University ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

The present paper reports on a demonstration project supported by the THERMIE program of the European Commission and by the VLIET program of the Flemish Government. A CHP gas turbine plant fueled by product gas from a biomass fluidized bed gasifier has been constructed. The demonstration scale is 500 kWe for production of power and heat for the university campus district heating. At the present stage 150 kW power has been delivered to the grid. Problems encountered and results achieved during the first startups of the power plant will be discussed. In the future some natural gas topping combustion will be included to overcome the temperature limitation of materials used in the metallic high temperature air heater. Water injection in this air heater will be included to enhance power output and to allow flexible power to heat ratios. The target commercial scale is 2 to 5 Mwe using atmospheric gasification and external firing through a high temperature metallic heater.

Plate Fin Regenerators for Industrial Gas Turbines

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Cuffe ◽  
P. K. Beatenbough ◽  
M. J. Daskavitz ◽  
R. J. Flower
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
High Temperature Operation ◽  
Surface Changes

This paper reviews Harrison Radiator’s various designs and improvements in the Industrial Gas Turbine Regenerator that it has been supplying over the past 20 years, and describes a new design regenerator intended for high cyclic and/or high temperature operation. Design improvements and surface changes have occurred to keep pace with the changing consumer’s requirements and application. These changes have been effective in improving the cyclic ability of the regenerator and in reducing the field maintenance required on the earlier models due to the changing mode of operation. The new regenerator design has been created to meet the changing requirements of the applications.

scholarly journals The General Electric LM5000 Marine Gas Turbine

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Stancliff
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Aircraft Engines ◽  
General Electric ◽  
Engine Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

The General Electric LM5000 Marine Gas Turbine (see figure 1) intended for application to commercial and naval ships requiring high power (50,000 BHP nominal), high thermal efficiency (38 percent), and compact, marinized and relatively light weight prime movers is described. Ship candidates include Fast Support Ships, Aircraft Carriers [in a Combined Nuclear and Gas Turbine (CONAG) propulsion system], Battleships and large surface effect ships. The LM5000 marine gas turbine is a marinized version of the LM5000 industrial gas turbine which was derived in 1977 from the CF6-50 aircraft engine. The CF6-6 model of this family of aircraft engines was the parent of the over 648 GE LM2500 marine gas turbine now used on the ships of 18 navies, 32 ship programs and 247 ships of the world. Over 2100 of the CF6-50 mode] engines are used on over 600 of the McDonald Douglas DC-10, the Airbus A300 and the Boeing 747 aircraft. Since reliability and durability are dependent upon engine family experience, the hardware commonality with the CF6-50 aircraft engine is described as well as the associated experience, performance, installation and maintainability features.

Experimental Investigation of High Temperature Wear Resistant Coatings for Industrial Gas Turbine

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Matsuoka ◽  
Nobuo Shinohara ◽  
Yuji Sugita ◽  
Kunihiro Ichikawa ◽  
Hideyuki Arikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Severe Wear ◽  
High Temperature Wear ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

In the contact section of industrial gas turbine parts, wear can be observed after normal operations. Especially, in the contact area of combustors and their fittings, such as a transition piece and a seal plate, the severe wear may occur owing to combustion vibration under high temperature. If such severe wear occurs, some inspections or repair of the combustor parts may be needed. The short cycle of inspection and repair will decrease the performance of the gas turbine. Though combustors and their fittings are subjected to high temperature condition without any lubricant, any relevant prevention has not been developed yet. In this paper, wear resistance of ceramic hard coating materials, i.e. titanium nitride (TiN), titanium aluminum nitride (TiaAIN), chromium nitride (CrN), titanium carbide (TiC), silicon carbide (SiC), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) against various metals was tested under the condition similar to that in a gas turbines. These coatings were deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. It was concluded that, the combination of Al2O3 coating and stellite #6B had excellent high temperature wear resistance.

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