Low Velocity Perforation of Mild Steel Circular Plates With Projectiles Having Different Shaped Impact Faces

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 031205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Jones ◽  
R. S. Birch
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Circular Plates ◽  
Low Velocity

Low-Velocity Perforation of Mild Steel Rectangular Plates With Projectiles Having Different Shaped Impact Faces

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Jones ◽  
R. S. Birch ◽  
R. Duan
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Initial Velocity ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Rectangular Plates ◽  
Simple Design ◽  
Circular Plates ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Thick Plates ◽  
Drop Hammer ◽  
Experimental Values

This article studies the perforation of mild steel square and rectangular plates struck normally by cylindrical projectiles having blunt, hemispherical, and conical impact faces. Experimental results are obtained in a drop hammer rig for the perforation of 4mm and 8mm thick plates struck by relatively heavy projectiles weighing between 11.9kg and 200kg and traveling at an initial velocity up to about 13m∕s. The plates were struck at the center and at several positions near the fully clamped supports. The effect of the aspect ratio on the perforation energies of rectangular plates is examined, and comparisons are made with the perforation behavior of fully clamped circular plates. The predictions of several empirical equations are compared with the corresponding experimental values of the perforation energies. Simple design equations are also presented for predicting the maximum permanent transverse displacements of square plates prior to any cracking or perforation.

Response of Mild Steel Pipes Under High Mass Low Velocity Impacts

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsoon Fareed ◽  
Ian May
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Impact Tests ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Accidental loads, for example, due to heavy dropped objects, impact from the trawl gear and anchors of fishing vessels can cause damage to pipelines on the sea bed. The amount of damage will depend on the impact energy. The indentation will be localized at the contact area of the pipe and the impacting object, however, an understanding of the extent of the damage due to an impact is required so that if one should occur in practice an assessment can be made to determine if remedial action needs to be taken to ensure that the pipeline is still serviceable. There are a number of parameters, including the pipe cross section and impact energy, which influence the impact behaviour of a pipe. This paper describes the response, and assesses the damage, of mild steel pipes under high mass low velocity impacts. For this purpose full scale impacts tests were carried out on mild steel pipe having diameter of 457 mm, thickness of 25.4 mm and length of 2000 mm. The pipe was restrained along the base and a 2 tonnes mass with sharp impactor having a vertical downward velocity of 3870 mm/sec was used to impact the pipe transversely with an impact energy of 16 kJ. It was found from the impact tests that a smooth indentation was produced in the pipe. The impact tests were then used for validation of the non-linear dynamic implicit analyses using the finite element analysis software ABAQUS. Deformations at the impact zone, the rebound velocity, etc, recorded in the tests and the results of the finite element analysis were found to be in good agreement. The impact tests and finite element analyses described in this paper will help to improve the understanding of the response of steel pipes under impact loading and can be used as a benchmark for further finite element modelling of impacts on pipes.

Response and Failure of Ductile Circular Plates Struck by a Mass

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jones ◽  
S.-B. Kim ◽  
Q. M. Li
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Circular Plates ◽  
Plastic Response

A theoretical analysis is presented in this paper to predict the dynamic plastic response of aluminium alloy and mild steel circular plates when struck normally by blunt solid cylindrical masses at the center. Reasonable agreement is obtained with experimental results for the permanent transverse displacements. Different failure mechanisms, which have been found in previous experimental studies on aluminium alloy and mild steel plates, are also illustrated by the proposed theory.

New dimensionless numbers for deformation of circular mild steel plates with large strains as a result of localized and uniform impulsive loading

2016 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-245
Author(s):  
Hashem Babaei ◽  
Tohid Mirzababaie Mostofi
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Impulsive Loading ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Dimensionless Number ◽  
Circular Plates ◽  
Dimensionless Numbers ◽  
Decomposition Procedure

This study introduces an empirical analysis approach to assess mechanical behavior of thin circular mild steel plates subjected to uniform and localized impulsive loading. The empirical models have been derived by singular values decomposition procedure to predict midpoint deflection of circular plates. The essence of empirical analysis is based on dimensionless numbers. For this, Jones’s dimensionless number λ is considered as a dimensionless number for both uniform and localized loading. This number has some features such as considering plate geometries, mechanical properties of material, and loading conditions. The well-known Cowper–Symonds constitutive equation has been used to investigate the potential influence of material strain rate sensitivity where the constant parameters in this equation are considered as a function of plate thickness. In localized impulsive loading, two other dimensionless numbers are appended to investigate the effects of changing load ratio and standoff distance. The results of empirical models are compared to the other experimental and theoretical studies which have been performed by different researchers. Also, the obtained results show that the presented models have much less root mean square error than the other ones. Hence, these models are suitable to predict midpoint deflection of thin circular plates subjected to both uniform and localized impulsive loading.

On the Scaling of Low-Velocity Perforation of Mild Steel Plates

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Jones ◽  
R. S. Birch
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Ductile Deformation ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Rigid Plastic ◽  
Scale Range ◽  
Simple Equations ◽  
The Impact

Experimental results are reported for the perforation of geometrically similar fully clamped circular and square mild steel plates struck transversely by cylindrical projectiles having blunt, conical, and hemispherical noses. The striking masses are much heavier than the corresponding plate mass and travel with initial impact velocities up to about 12m∕s. The blunt projectiles perforate the plating easiest, while the hemispherical-nosed ones require the greatest energy. The perforation energy of a conical-nosed projectile is somewhat less than that for a hemispherical-nosed one. The data are used to explore the validity of the geometrically similar scaling laws over a geometric scale range of 4. The experimental results are compared to the empirical equations for the impact perforation of plates and with theoretical rigid-plastic predictions for the large ductile deformation behavior of those test specimens, which did not suffer cracking or perforation. The experimental results satisfy the requirements of geometrically similar scaling and some simple equations are presented, which are useful for design purposes.

scholarly journals Effects of Self-Lubricant Coating and Motion on Reduction of Friction and Wear of Mild Steel and Data Analysis from Machine Learning Approach

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5732
Author(s):  
Nayem Hossain ◽  
Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury ◽  
Abdullah Al Masum ◽  
Md. Sakibul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Shahin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Coating Characteristics ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Lubrication Characteristics

The applications of coated mild steels are gaining significant attention in versatile industrial areas because of their better mechanical properties, anticorrosive behavior, and reproducibility. The life period of this steel reduces significantly under relative motion in the presence of friction, which is associated with the loss of billion-dollar every year in industry. Productivity is hampered, and economic growth is declined. Several pieces of research have been conducted throughout the industries to seeking the processes of frictional reduction. This study is attributed to the tribological behavior of electroplated mild steel under various operating parameters. The efficiency of commercial lubricant and self-lubrication characteristics of coated layer plays a significant role in the reduction of friction. The reciprocating and simultaneous motion in relation to pin as well as disc are considered during experimentation. The lubricating effects in conjunction with motions are responsible for compensating the friction and wear at the desired level. During frictional tests, the sliding velocity and loads are changed differently. The changes in roughness after frictional tests are observed. The coated and rubbing surfaces are characterized using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis. The coating characteristics are analyzed by EDS (Energy Disperse Spectroscopy), FTIR (Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and XRD (X-ray diffraction analysis) methods. The lubrication, reciprocating motion, and low velocity result in low friction and wear. The larger the imposed loads, the smaller the frictional force, and the larger the wear rate. The machine learning (ML) concept is incorporated in this study to identify the patterns of datasets spontaneously and generate a prediction model for forecasting the data, which are out of the experimental range. It can be desired that the outcomes of this research will contribute to the improvement in versatile engineering fields, such as automotive, robotics, and complex motion-based mechanisms where multidimensional motion cannot be ignored.

scholarly journals Experimental Characterisation of Thin Sandwich Panel of Polymer Composite

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 096369350601500
Author(s):  
Prashant Kumar ◽  
Axay Kumar ◽  
Kamal K. Kar ◽  
J. Ramkumar
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Sandwich Panel ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
Flexural Stiffness ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Considerable Saving ◽  
Chopped Strand Mat ◽  
Mechanism Of Failure ◽  
The Impact

A thin sandwich panel using 3 mm coremat and FRP skins of glassfibre chopped strand mat – epoxy was constructed through the hand lay-up technique. This kind of sandwich structure might replace a mild steel sheet enclosure used in many appliances and machines including auto bodies. The sandwich panels were characterized with three kinds of experimental investigation to find (i) flexural stiffness (ii) in-plane shear strength and (iii) impact-induced-damage by a low velocity foreign object. In comparison to mild steel, the sandwich panels were lighter with considerable saving in weight, the static strength was found to be attractively higher, flexural stiffness was better, and in-plane strength was reasonable. The impact-induced-damage and their mechanism of failure of these sandwich panels is also studied.

A theoretical and experimental study of projectile impact on clamped circular plates

1968 ◽  
Vol 306 (1487) ◽  
pp. 435-447 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Yield Condition ◽  
Flow Rule ◽  
Plastic Strains ◽  
Circular Plates ◽  
Projectile Impact ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Associated Flow Rule

A method for the analysis of the plastic deformation of a circular plate subject to projectile impact is presented based on the assumption that the material is rigid viscoplastic, obeying a von Mises yield condition and associated flow rule. The predictions of the analysis are com­pared with the results of experiments in which projectiles of different masses are fired at various velocities at clamped plates of mild steel. The plates used in the experiments are such that substantial plastic strains can develop, while the maximum displacements are of the same order as the thickness. The analytical method presented predicts the behaviour of the plates to within the accuracy of the tests. The material constants which fit the results are in accord with those obtained from different tests.

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