scholarly journals An Automation of Collector Testing and Modification of ANSI/ASHRAE 93-1986 Standard

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Huang ◽  
S. W. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
Variable Weather ◽  
Small Scatter ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Steady State Performance

The steady-state performance test of solar collectors using ANSI/ASHRAE 93-1986 Standard was revised and an automation for the testing was carried out in the present study in order that the test can be easily performed outdoors in areas with variable weather conditions. It was shown that the 95 percent settling time of the collector τ95 can be adopted as the time basis in the selection of steady-state period for the test. To make the best use of the time available for the testing, the steady-state period defined by ANSI/ASHRAE 93-1986 Standard was changed to the τ95 plus five minutes, or ten minutes, whichever is larger. To reduce scatter uncertainty in the test results, the test period for the efficiency calculation was chosen as the segment of the last five minutes in the steady-state period and a steadiness condition defined statistically was adopted. To shorten the time for each test run a PC-based expert testing system, which is completely automatic and requires no operator, was developed in the present study. Using this expert system associated with the modified ANSI/ASHRAE 93-1986 Standard, we can effectively carry out the collector test at variable weather conditions with small scatter uncertainty and can substantially shorten the duration of a test.

scholarly journals Changes in boar semen with a high and low level of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Čeřovský ◽  
S. Frydrychová ◽  
A. Lustyková ◽  
M. Rozkot
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Boar Semen ◽  
Group B ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of the paper was to find out the level of changes in the sperm quality in two groups of boars in the insemination (A and B) with diametrically different contents of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa (AS) with an interval of 25 weeks between semen collection I and collection II. In the group A there were 22 boars with the AS content up to 10%, in the group B 16 of boars with the AS content above 40% in collection I. Both groups were comparable concerning the parameters of the performance test results and in quantitative parameters of the semen from collection I. They differed significantly in the AS content (P < 0.01) and in the age (P < 0.05). In collection II in both groups the semen volume increased significantly (A – P < 0.01; B – P < 0.05), in the group A the number of spermatozoa per ejaculate and per day also increased (P < 0.01). In the group B there was an insignificant clear decrease in the sperm concentration (P > 0.05). In comparison with the group B the group A can be characterized as a group with significantly higher dynamics in the sperm production per ejaculate. An opposite trend was noted in the total AS content. In the group A there was a significant increase (P < 0.001) and in the group B a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in collection II. In the group A there was a deterioration of the AS content in 7 boars (31.8%), in the group B an improvement in 7 boars (43.7%). Particular monitored AS forms are given. A significant difference in the total AS content between both groups was in favour of the group A (P< 0.001). While no boars from the group A exceeded the limit in the AS content for the applicability of semen for insemination (in theCzech   Republic25%), in the group B they remained above this limit without applicability possibility. The detected variations and prevailing stability in the AS occurrence in boars kept in the same conditions lead us to a consideration of hereditary characteristics of the spermatogenesis factor, of considerable persistence of the level of monitored characteristics and to a consideration of applicability of the phenotype AS presentation to selection of boars for artificial insemination.    

Thermal Performance Testing of Solar Steam Generator 4 at AREVA Solar’s Kimberlina Demonstration Facility

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Hale ◽  
Peter Sugimura ◽  
Rob Hanson ◽  
Milt Venetos ◽  
Peter Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Testing Methodology ◽  
Independent Expert ◽  
Uncertainty Calculation ◽  
Steady State Performance

The Kimberlina Solar Thermal Power Station in Bakersfield, California, is AREVA Solar’s first North American solar thermal energy facility and an important showcase of AREVA’s Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR) technology. Construction of a fourth solar steam generator (SSG4) was completed at Kimberlina in August 2010. At the time SSG4 represented AREVA Solar’s most current commercial technology, designed for direct superheat steam generation. SSG4 incorporates technology advancements that significantly enhance the AREVA Solar technology’s controllability, steam temperature and pressure capabilities as well as overall performance. After SSG4 was commissioned, AREVA Solar carried out an extensive performance test program on this advanced technology to formally evaluate and quantify its measured performance and compare that to the model-predicted performance. The performance testing included two specific tests. The first was the Steady State Performance Test (SSPT), which evaluated the technology’s steady-state performance over a two-hour period on multiple days. The second test was the Entire Day Performance Test (EDPT), which evaluated the technology’s performance throughout an entire day, including overnight losses, startup, mid-day performance (including steady-state, quasi steady-state and transients) and shutdown. The third test demonstrated the technology’s response to a simulated direct normal insolation (DNI) transient. AREVA Solar took great care to design and perform this testing in a standardized manner that would stand up to independent, expert observation and was consistent with established ASME performance test codes (PTC), where applicable. AREVA Solar plans to implement this testing methodology in future commercial plants and technology demonstrations. This paper documents in detail the performance testing methodology used to evaluate AREVA Solar’s new technology, including: • Test prerequisites; • Performance (both measured and modeled) calculation equations; • Environmental and optical surface measurement techniques; • Measurement test success criteria; • Uncertainty calculation and implementation. This paper also documents the measured testing results relative to the AREVA Solar internal modeled results including follow-up model validation.

Implementasi Voip Server Berbasis IPV6 Dengan Raspberry PI

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Rabbai San Arif ◽  
Yuli Fitrisia ◽  
Agus Urip Ari Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Ipv6 Network ◽  
Ip Network ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a telecommunications technology that is able to pass the communication service in Internet Protocol networks so as to allow communicating between users in an IP network. However VoIP technology still has weakness in the Quality of Service (QoS). VOPI weaknesses is affected by the selection of the physical servers used. In this research, VoIP is configured on Linux operating system with Asterisk as VoIP application server and integrated on a Raspberry Pi by using wired and wireless network as the transmission medium. Because of depletion of IPv4 capacity that can be used on the network, it needs to be applied to VoIP system using the IPv6 network protocol with supports devices. The test results by using a wired transmission medium that has obtained are the average delay is 117.851 ms, jitter is 5.796 ms, packet loss is 0.38%, throughput is 962.861 kbps, 8.33% of CPU usage and 59.33% of memory usage. The analysis shows that the wired transmission media is better than the wireless transmission media and wireless-wired.

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR IPA SMP PADA TEMA ENERGI DALAM TUBUH MENGGUNAKAN METODE 4STMD

EDUSAINS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
Gia Juniar Nur Wahidah ◽  
Sjaeful Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Concept Maps ◽  
The Body ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Selection Step ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This research aims to produce science teaching materials in junior level with Energy in The Body as the theme using Four Steps Teaching Material Development  (4STMD). The material is presented in an integrated way so that students can  think holistically and contextually. The method used in this study is Research and Development. In this R&D methods is used 4STMD. There are four steps done on the development of teaching materials, the selection step, structuring step, characterization, and didactic reduction. Selection step includes the selection of indicators in accordance with the demands of the curriculum which is then developed with the selection of concepts and values that are integrated with the concept of science. Structuring step includes make macro structures, concept maps, and multiple representations. Characterization's step includes preparation instruments, then  trial to students to identify difficult concepts. The last, didactic reduction was done by neglect and the annotations in the form of sketches.The test results readability aspect instructional materials lead to the conclusion that by determining the main idea, the legibility of teaching materials reached 67%, with moderate readability criteria. Test results of feasibility aspects based on the results of questionnaires to the 11 teachers lead to the conclusion that the overall, level of eligibility teaching materials reached 91% with the eligibility criteria well. Keywords: teaching materials; energy; 4STMD Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar IPA SMP pada tema Energi dalam Tubuh menggunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Materi disajikan secara terpadu sehingga memacu siswa untuk berpikir secara holistik dan kontekstual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan. Dalam penelitian dan pengembangan yang ini, digunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Terdapat empat tahap yang dilakukan pada pengembangan bahan ajar, yakni tahap seleksi, strukturisasi, karakterisasi, dan reduksi didaktik. Tahap seleksi meliputi pemilihan indikator yang sesuai dengan tuntutan kurikulum yang kemudian dikembangkan dengan pemilihan konsep dan nilai yang diintegrasikan dengan konsep IPA. Tahap strukturisasi meliputi pembuatan struktur makro, peta konsep, dan multipel representasi dari materi. Tahap karakterisasi meliputi penyusunan instrumen karakterisasi, kemudian uji coba kepada siswa untuk mengidentifikasi konsep sulit. Tahap terakhir, yaitu reduksi didaktik konsep terhadap konsep sulit. Reduksi didaktik yang dilakukan berupa pengabaian dan penggunaan penjelasan berupa sketsa. Hasil uji aspek keterbacaan bahan ajar menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa berdasarkan penentuan ide pokok, keterbacaan bahan ajar mencapai 67%, dengan kriteria keterbacaan tinggi. Hasil uji aspek kelayakan berdasarkan hasil angket terhadap 11 orang guru menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa secara keseluruhan tingkat kelayakan bahan ajar mencapai 91% dengan kriteria kelayakan baik sekali. Kata Kunci: bahan ajar; energi; 4STMD  Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/es.v8i2.2039  

Quasi-steady-state performance of a heat pipe subjected to transient acceleration loadings

10.2514/3.895 ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 306-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin H. Olmstead ◽  
Edward S. Taylor ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Parviz Moin ◽  
Scott K. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Quasi Steady State ◽  
Steady State Performance

Assessment of reproductive capacity of representatives of ancestral complexes and especially their selection of seed in dry conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
А.В. Семенютина ◽  
С.Е. Лазарев ◽  
К.А. Мельник
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Gleditsia Triacanthos ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Forest Reclamation ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
Selection Of

Представители родовых комплексов Robinia (Робиния), Gleditsia (Гледичия) относятся к экономически важным и перспективным, для деградированных ландшафтов засушливого региона, видам растений. Несмотря на это до последнего времени отсутствуют сведения по многим видам этих родовых комплексов, связанные с вопросами экологических основ семеноведения и их репродуктивной способности в условиях светлокаштановых почв Волгоградской области. Все это направлено на выявление и расширение перспективных ареалов культивирования для лесомелиорации и озеленения населенных пунктов. Цель исследований изучение репродуктивной способности представителей родовых комплексов Robinia (Робиния), Gleditsia (Гледичия) в коллекциях ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН и выявление особенностей их селекционного семеноведения для лесомелиорации и озеленения населенных пунктов в сухостепных условиях. Объектами исследований являлись виды и формы рода Robinia: R. viscosa Vent. R. neomexicana Gray. R. pseudoacacia L. R. neomexicana х pseudoacacia, и Gleditsia (G. triacanthos L., G. triacanthos L. f. inermis, G. caspica Desf, G. texana Sarg., G. aquatica, G. japonica, G. caspica, G. sinensis), произрастающие в кластерных участках коллекций ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН, кадастр 34:34:000000:122, 34:34:060061:10. Разработка основ селекционного семеноведения базируется на изучении репродуктивных особенностей выделенных для целевого использования собственных биоресурсов с учетом возможностей всестороннего изучения генеративных качеств и оценки биологического потенциала. Выявлено, что стабильность плодоношения фиксируется через несколько лет после вступления в генеративную фазу: у Robinia и Gleditsia 67 лет. Первое цветение у Gleditsia triacanthos и G. texana, G. aquatica наблюдалось в возрасте 5 лет, G. japonica 6, G. caspica и G. sinensis 8 лет. Завязываемость плодов зависит не только от возраста растения, но и от погодных условий во время цветения. На семенную продуктивность влияет количество выпавших осадков и сумма активных температур в период созревания плодов. Формирование более крупных плодов и семян наблюдается в возрасте до 15 лет. В результате исследований (20172019 гг.) выявлено влияние лимитирующих факторов на биологический потенциал цветения, плодоношения и семенную продуктивность для определения ареалов их культивирования. Representatives of generic systems Robinia, Gleditsia are economically important and promising for degraded arid landscapes of the region, types of plants. Despite this, until recently, there is no information on many types of these generic complexes related to the environmental foundations of seed and their reproductive capacity in light chestnut soils of the Volgograd region. All this is aimed at identifying and expanding promising areas of cultivation for forest reclamation and greening of settlements. The aim of the research is to study the reproductive capacity of representatives of ancestral complexes Robinia, Gleditsia in the collections of the Federal scientific center for Agroecology Russian Academy of Sciences and the identifying features of their selection of seed for forest reclamation and landscaping of settlements in the dry steppe conditions. The objects of research were species and forms of the genus Robinia: R. viscosa Vent. R. neomexicana Gray. R. pseudoacacia L. R. neomexicana x pseudoacacia and Gleditsia (G. triacanthos L., G. triacanthos L. f. inermis, G. caspica Desf, G. texana Sarg., G. aquatica, G. japonica, G. caspica, G. sinensis), growing in the cluster areas of collections of FSC Agroecology RAS, cadastre 34:34:000000:122, 34:34:060061:10. The development of the principles of seed breeding is based on the study of reproductive characteristics of the allocated for the targeted use of their own bioresources, taking into account the possibilities of a comprehensive study of generative qualities and assessment of biological potential. It was found that the stability of fruiting is fixed a few years after entering the generative phase: Robinia and Gleditsia 67 years. The first flowering in Gleditsia triacanthos and G. texana, G. aquatica was observed at the age of 5 years, G. japonica 6, G. caspica and G. sinensis 8 years. Fruit setability depends not only on the age of the plant, but also on weather conditions during flowering. Seed productivity is affected by the amount of precipitation and the amount of active temperatures during the ripening period. The formation of larger fruits and seeds is observed in the age of 15 years. As a result of studies (20172019), the influence of limiting factors on the biological potential of flowering, fruiting and seed production to determine the areas of their cultivation was revealed.

HUBUNGAN UMUR DAN PARITAS DENGAN PEMILIHAN ALAT KONTRASEPSI METODE OPERASI WANITA (MOW) DI POLIKLINIK KEBIDANAN RS BHAYANGKARA PALEMBANG TAHUN 2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Widyastuti Y. Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Family Planning Methods ◽  
Selection Of

  ABSTRACT [In advanced countries the number of permanent contraception option ( kontap ) approximately 10 % of all national family planning methods , while in Indonesia reached approximately 5.7 % . Based on data obtained from medical records Bhayangkara Hospital Palembang in 2010 the number of achievement when seen from the percentage of contraceptive use is only 9.10 % The purpose of this study is known age and parity relationship with the selection of contraceptive methods Surgery Women ( MOW ) in Palembang RS.Bhayangkara obstetrics clinic in 2012 . This study uses the analytic survey with cross sectional approach . The population in this study were women who become new acceptors were recorded in medical records at the hospital . Palembang Bhayangkara Hospitals January 1, 2012 to December 31 in 2012 . The sample in this study is part of a whole number of new acceptors ( either using contraception methods MOW and other family planning methods ) were registered in the hospital . Palembang Police Hospitals of January 1, 2012 to December 31 years of data 2012.Analisa univariate and bivariate statistical Chi - Square test with significance level α = 0.05 . The results showed there were 80 respondents ( 46.3 % ) who became MOW contraceptive acceptors , acceptors who have old age by 45 respondents ( 56.3 % ) and who has a young age by 35 respondents ( 43.8 % ) . acceptors which have high parity were 44 respondents ( 55 % ) who had low parity and a total of 36 respondents ( 45 % ) . From the results of Chi-square test value obtained ρ = 0.00 is smaller than α = 0.05 . There is a significant correlation between age and the selection of MOW Chi square test results obtained ρ value = 0.00 and there was a significant association between parity with the election MOW Chi square test results obtained ρ value = 0 , . From these results , it is expected to power health, especially family planning services at the hospital . Palembang Police Hospitals in order to improve the quality of family planning services in an effective, efficient , and safe are considered particularly suitable for users of contraception OperatingMethodWomen(MOW).                                      ABSTRAK Di negara sudah maju jumlah pilihan kontrasepsi mantap (kontap) sekitar 10% dari semua metode KB nasional, sedangkan di Indonesia baru mencapai sekitar 5,7 %. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari Rekam medik  Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Palembang tahun 2010 Jumlah pencapain tersebut jika dilihat dari persentasi penggunaan kontrasepsi MOW hanya  9,10% Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya hubungan umur dan paritas dengan pemilihan alat kontrasepsi Metode Operasi Wanita (MOW) di poliklinik kebidanan RS.Bhayangkara Palembang Tahun 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah wanita yang menjadi akseptor KB Baru yang tercatat di rekam medik  di RS. Bhayangkara Palembang tanggal 1 januari 2012 sampai dengan 31 Desember  tahun 2012. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagian dari seluruh jumlah akseptor KB Baru (baik yang menggunakan alat kontrasepsi Metode MOW maupun Metode KB lain) yang teregister di RS. Bhayangkara Palembang dari tanggal 1 januari 2012 sampai dengan 31 Desember  tahun 2012.Analisa data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji statistik Chi-Square dengan tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 80 responden terdapat (46,3%) yang menjadi akseptor kontrasepsi MOW, akseptor yang memiliki umur tua sebanyak 45 responden (56,3%) dan yang memiliki  umur muda sebanyak 35 responden (43,8%). akseptor yang memiliki paritas tinggi sebanyak 44 responden  (55%) dan yang memiliki  paritas rendah sebanyak 36 responden (45%). Dari hasil uji Chi square didapatkan ρ value = 0,00 lebih kecil dari α = 0,05. Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara umur dengan pemilihan MOW dari hasil uji Chi square didapatkan ρ value = 0,00 dan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara paritas dengan pemilihan MOW hasil uji Chi square didapatkan ρ value = 0,.Dari hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan kepada tenaga kesehatan khususnya pelayanan KB  di RS. Bhayangkara Palembang  agar dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan KB secara efektif, efisien, dan aman yang dianggap cocok bagi penggunanya khususnya mengenai kontrasepsi Metode Operasi Wanita (MOW).    

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