scholarly journals Closure to “Discussion of ‘A Test Apparatus and Facility to Identify the Rotordynamic Coefficients of High-Speed Hydrostatic Bearings’” (1994, ASME J. Tribol., 116, p. 343)

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-344
Author(s):  
Dara Childs ◽  
Keith Hale
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Test Apparatus ◽  
Rotordynamic Coefficients ◽  
Hydrostatic Bearings

scholarly journals A Test Apparatus and Facility to Identify the Rotordynamic Coefficients of High-Speed Hydrostatic Bearings

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dara Childs ◽  
Keith Hale
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Added Mass ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
Test Fluid ◽  
Test Apparatus ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Rotordynamic Coefficients ◽  
A Current

A facility and apparatus are described which determine stiffness, damping, and added-mass rotordynamic coefficients plus steady-state operating characteristics of high speed hydrostatic journal bearings. The apparatus has a current top speed of 29800 rpm with a bearing diameter of 7.62 cm (3 in.). Purified warm water, 55°C (130°F), is used as a test fluid to achieve elevated Reynolds numbers during operation. The test-fluid pump yields a bearing maximum inlet pressure of 6.9 Mpa (1000 psi). Static load on the bearing is independently controlled and measured. Orthogonally mounted external shakers are used to excite the test stator in the direction of, and perpendicular to, the static load. The apparatus can independently calculate all rotordynamic coefficients at a given operating condition.

Review of Research on Hydrostatic Bearings

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Yu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Junfeng Wang ◽  
Wenkai Zhou ◽  
Hongwei Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Cnc Machine Tools ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Formula ◽  
Hydrostatic Bearing ◽  
Hydrostatic Bearings

Background: Hydrostatic bearings have the advantages of strong bearing capacity, good stability, small friction coefficient and long life. The performance of liquid hydrostatic bearings directly affect the accuracy and efficiency of CNC machining equipment. The performance is conducive to the development of CNC machine tools towards high speed and heavy load, so it is necessary to sort out and summarize the existing research results. Objective: This study summarizes the current development status of hydrostatic bearings and explains the development trend of hydrostatic bearings. Methods: According to the recently published journal articles and patents, the recent experimental research on hydrostatic thrust bearings is summarized. This paper summarizes many factors that affect the performance of hydrostatic bearings, and discusses the causes of various factors on hydrostatic bearings. Finally, future research on hydrostatic bearings is presented. Results: The study discusses experimental methods, simulation processes, and experimental results. Conclusion: This study can produce dynamic and static pressure effects by changing the structure of the oil cavity of the hydrostatic bearing. This effect can make up for the static pressure loss. By improving the theoretical formula and mathematical model and proposing a new simulation method, the accuracy of the hydrostatic bearing simulation is satisfied; the future development trend of the hydrostatic bearing is proposed.

A Method of Making High-Speed Compression Tests on Small Copper Cylinders

1948 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-255
Author(s):  
E. T. Habib
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Underwater Explosion ◽  
Dynamic Calibration ◽  
Test Apparatus ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
High Speeds

Abstract In mechanical gages used to measure the pressure from an underwater explosion, small copper cylinders are compressed at high speeds. This paper describes the test apparatus designed for the dynamic calibration of these cylinders, presents the results obtained with this apparatus, and compares these results with those obtained by other experimenters.

Experimental Test Results for Four High-Speed, High-Pressure, Orifice-Compensated Hybrid Bearings

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Franchek ◽  
D. W. Childs
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rotordynamic Coefficients ◽  
Geometric Configurations ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Mass Terms

In this study, four hybrid bearings having different geometric configurations were experimentally tested for their static and dynamic characteristics, including flowrate, load capacity, rotordynamic coefficients, and whirl frequency ratio. The four bearings included a square-recess, smooth-land, radial-orifice bearing (baseline), a circular-recess bearing, a triangular-recess bearing, and an angled-orifice bearing. Each bearing had the same orifice diameter rather than the same pressure ratio. Unique to these test results is the measurement of the added mass terms, which became significant in the present tests because of high operating Reynolds numbers. Comparisons of the results were made between bearings to determine which bearing had the best performance. Based on the parameters of interest, the angled-orifice bearing has the most favorable overall performance.

Theory Versus Experiment for the Effects of Pressure Ratio on the Performance of an Orifice-Compensated Hybrid Bearing

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 930-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mosher ◽  
D. W. Childs
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Rotordynamic Coefficients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bearing Load ◽  
Hybrid Bearing

This research investigates the effect of varying the concentric recess pressure ratio of hybrid (combination hydrostatic and hydrodynamic) bearings to be used in high-speed, high-pressure applications. Bearing flowrate, load capacity, torque, rotordynamic coefficients, and whirl frequency ratio are examined to determine the concentric, recess-pressure ratio which yields optimum bearing load capacity and dynamic stiffness. An analytical model, using two-dimensional bulk-flow Navier-Stokes equations and anchored by experimental test results, is used to examine bearing performance over a wide range of concentric recess pressure ratios. Typically, a concentric recess pressure ratio of 0.50 is used to obtain maximum bearing load capacity. This analysis reveals that theoretical optimum bearing performance occurs for a pressure ratio near 0.40, while experimental results indicate the optimum value to he somewhat higher than 0.45. This research demonstrates the ability to analytically investigate hybrid bearings and shows the need for more hybrid-bearing experimental data.

CFD Assessment of Rotordynamic Coefficients in Labyrinth Seals

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai S. Sreedharan ◽  
Giuseppe Vannini ◽  
Hiteshkumar Mistry
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearings ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Labyrinth Seals ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Flow Solver ◽  
Rotordynamic Coefficients ◽  
Pressure Test ◽  
Dynamic Seal

Seals used in high speed centrifugal compressors are prone to generate rotordynamic (RD) instabilities. To further understand their influence, a CFD based approach is developed. The objective of the current study is to numerically investigate and characterize the RD coefficients, representative of the dynamic seal forces. Experiments were carried out at high pressure test rig (up to 200 bar seal inlet pressure) which runs at 10000 RPM and has a high pre-swirl (about 0.9) along the same direction of rotor rotation. The rotor shaft in the experiment was instrumented with active magnetic bearings (AMBs) to linearly excite the rotor at three different frequencies: 28 Hz, 70 Hz and 126 Hz. Each frequency is characterized by amplitude of vibration and a phase. CFD simulations were carried out using commercial flow solver, using similar boundary conditions as that of experiments. The paper describes details of CFD model and its comparison against experiments. Numerical results show reasonable agreement of RD coefficients with test results. This job has to be considered as a first approach to CFD methodology applied to annular seals for the authors.

Angled Injection—Hydrostatic Bearings Analysis and Comparison to Test Results

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis San Andres ◽  
Dara Childs
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Liquid Oxygen ◽  
Momentum Exchange ◽  
Force Coefficients ◽  
Rotordynamic Coefficients ◽  
Rotating Systems ◽  
Static Performance ◽  
Stiffness And Damping ◽  
Frequency Ratios

Hydrostatic/hydrodynamic (hybrid) journal bearings handling process liquids have limited dynamic stability characteristics and their application as support elements to high speed flexible rotating systems is severely restricted. Measurements on water hybrid bearings with angled orifice injection have demonstrated improved rotordynamic performance with virtual elimination of cross-coupled stiffness coefficients and null or negative whirl frequency ratios. A bulk-flow model for prediction of the static performance and force coefficients of hybrid bearings with angled orifice injection is advanced. The analysis reveals that the fluid momentum exchange at the orifice discharge produces a pressure rise in the hydrostatic recess which retards the shear flow induced by journal rotation, and thus, reduces cross-coupling forces. The predictions from the model are compared with experimental measurements for a 45 deg angled orifice injection, 5 recess, water hydrostatic bearing operating at 10.2, 17.4, and 24.6 krpm and with supply pressures of 4, 5.5 and 7 MPa. The correlations include recess pressures, flow rates, and rotordynamic force coefficients at the journal centered position. An application example for a liquid oxygen hybrid bearing also demonstrates the advantages of tangential orifice injection on the rotordynamic coefficients and stability indicator for forward whirl motions, and without performance degradation on direct stiffness and damping coefficients.

Eccentricity Effects on the Rotordynamic Coefficients of Plain Annular Seals: Theory Versus Experiment

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. R. Marquette ◽  
D. W. Childs ◽  
L. San Andres
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Small Motion ◽  
Rotordynamic Coefficients ◽  
Annular Seal ◽  
Theory Versus ◽  
High Speed Data ◽  
Static Eccentricity ◽  
Good Signal ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Annular Seals

Reliable high-speed data are presented for leakage and rotordynamic coefficients of a plain annular seal at centered and eccentric positions. A seal with L/D = 0.45 was tested, and measured results have good signal-to-noise ratios. The influence on rotordynamic coefficients of pressure drop, running speed, and static eccentricity was investigated. There is an excellent agreement between experimental and theoretical results in the centered position, even for direct inertia terms, which have not shown good agreement with predictions in past studies. However, the rotordynamic coefficients are more sensitive to changes in eccentricity than predicted. These results suggest that, in some cases, annular seals for pumps may need to be treated more like hydrodynamic bearings, with rotordynamic coefficients which are valid for small motion about a static equilibrium position versus the present eccentricity-independent coefficients.

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