Influence of Contact Temperature on Contact Fatigue Failure Forms: Part 2—The Test and Analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long-Qing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Fatigue Failure ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Temperature ◽  
Surface Cracks ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Present Test ◽  
Contact Shear Stress ◽  
Deformation Layer ◽  
Maximum Contact

The surface roughness of contacting parts have a strong influence on the failure form of contact fatigue. Pitting failure is liable to occur on the contact parts with rougher surface. The present test shows that a plastic deformation layer (PDL) will generally occur beneath the race surface of the parts which fail in pitting; and the near-surface cracks will initiate in the plastic deformation layer, these cracks grow gradually and finally result in fatigue failure where the depth of the fatigue pit are 0.1–0.2 mm. According to the author’s analysis of contact temperature and contact stresses, the present paper suggests: when the race surface of rolling specimen is rough, the contact temperature rise reduces the transient yield strength of the metal below the maximum contact shear stress at this position, thereby, resulting in a plastic deformation layer.

scholarly journals Rolling and Rolling-Sliding Contact Fatigue Failure Mechanisms in 32 CrMoV 13 Nitrided Steel—An Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10499
Author(s):  
Luís Coelho ◽  
António C. Batista ◽  
João Paulo Nobre ◽  
Maria José Marques
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Fatigue Failure ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Sliding Contact ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Nitrided Steel ◽  
Inclined Cracks

The aim of this work is to characterize the rolling and rolling-sliding contact fatigue failure mechanisms on the 32CrMoV13 nitrided steel. During rolling contact fatigue tests (RCF), two general features were observed: specimens presenting short lives and rough and sharpened spalling damage and specimens presenting long lives and only microspalling marks. It was possible to determine a contact fatigue limit of 3 GPa. During rolling-sliding contact fatigue tests (RSCF), a clearly different behaviour between the two specimens in contact has been observed: the driver shows circumferential and inclined cracks and only inclined cracks appear in the follower. This behaviour can be understood if the effect of the residual stress state in near-surface layers is considered. Before RCF tests, the residual stresses are compressive in all near-surface layers. After RCF tests, strong residual stress relaxation and even reversing behaviour was observed in the axial direction, which facilitates the surface crack initiation in the circumferential direction at rolling track borders.

scholarly journals Flaking of PEEK under one-point rolling contact fatigue using Al2O3 ball

2019 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Hitonobu KOIKE ◽  
Genya YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Koshiro MIZOBE ◽  
Katsuyuki KIDA
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Hertzian Contact ◽  
Surface Cracks ◽  
Subsurface Crack ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The One ◽  
Point Type

The growth of flaking as tribological fatigue failure in PEEK was investigated through the one-point type rolling contact fatigue test between a machined PEEK polymer shaft and an alumina bearing's ball. Due to Hertzian contact of cyclic compressive stress, the subsurface fatigue cracks in the PEEK shaft propagated in rolling and axial directions. When the rolling fatigue life of the PEEK shaft reached 106 fatigue cycles, many narrow angled cracks occurred in the near-surface of the rolling track without flaking. On the other hand, when the flaking ocuurred on the PEEK shaft before 106 fatigue cycles, semicircular surface and subsurface crack propagations were observed. From these observations, it was found that micro-flaking occurred due to the linkages between subsurface and surface cracks. Flakingdeveloped due to the accumulation of these micro-flakings.

Influence of Contact Temperature on Contact Fatigue Failure Forms: Part 1—Contact Temperature Analysis of Rolling-Sliding Contact Specimen

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long-Qing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Sliding Contact ◽  
Contact Temperature ◽  
Temperature Analysis ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
Deformation Layer ◽  
Contact Temperature Analysis

Under rolling-sliding contact, specimens have different failure forms, such as pitting and spalling etc. The surface roughness of specimen in contact has a strong influence on the failure form. The elevated contact temperature produced by a rougher surface is one of the key factors in producing changes in failure form. According to the results of the test and the analysis, the following viewpoint is suggested to explain the influence of the roughness on failure forms: the rougher contact surface produces elevated contact temperature; the elevated contact temperature causes the material yield strength over local areas to reduce transiently thus resulting in a plastic deformation layer, and have the change of failure form. The present study includes two parts: in the first part, the analysis of contact temperature distribution is carried out; in the second part, the results of the test and analysis are discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of turning tool wear on the surface integrity and anti-fatigue behavior of Ti1023

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 168781402110112
Author(s):  
Li Xun ◽  
Wang Ziming ◽  
Yang Shenliang ◽  
Guo Zhiyuan ◽  
Zhou Yongxin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Deformation Layer

Titanium alloy Ti1023 is a typical difficult-to-cut material. Tool wear is easy to occur in machining Ti1023, which has a significant negative effect on surface integrity. Turning is one of the common methods to machine Ti1023 parts and machined surface integrity has a direct influence on the fatigue life of parts. To control surface integrity and improve anti-fatigue behavior of Ti1023 parts, it has an important significance to study the influence of tool wear on the surface integrity and fatigue life of Ti1023 in turning. Therefore, the effect of tool wear on the surface roughness, microhardness, residual stress, and plastic deformation layer of Ti1023 workpieces by turning and low-cycle fatigue tests were studied. Meanwhile, the influence mechanism of surface integrity on anti-fatigue behavior also was analyzed. The experimental results show that the change of surface roughness caused by worn tools has the most influence on anti-fatigue behavior when the tool wear VB is from 0.05 to 0.25 mm. On the other hand, the plastic deformation layer on the machined surface could properly improve the anti-fatigue behavior of specimens that were proved in the experiments. However, the higher surface roughness and significant surface defects on surface machined utilizing the worn tool with VB = 0.30 mm, which leads the anti-fatigue behavior of specimens to decrease sharply. Therefore, to ensure the anti-fatigue behavior of parts, the value of turning tool wear VB must be rigorously controlled under 0.30 mm during finishing machining of titanium alloy Ti1023.

scholarly journals Improving the Properties of Laser-Welded Al–Zn–Mg–Cu Alloy Joints by Aging and Double-Sided Ultrasonic Impact Compound Treatment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2742
Author(s):  
Furong Chen ◽  
Chenghao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Residual Tensile Stress ◽  
Impact Surface ◽  
Deformation Layer

To improve the loose structure and serious porosity of (Al–Zn–Mg–Cu) 7075 aluminum alloy laser-welded joints, aging treatment, double-sided ultrasonic impact treatment (DSUIT), and a combination of aging and DSUIT (A–DSUIT) were used to treat joints. In this experiment, the mechanism of A–DSUIT on the microstructure and properties of welded joints was analyzed. The microstructure of the welded joints was observed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The hardness and tensile properties of the welded components under the different processes were examined via Vickers hardness test and a universal tensile testing machine. The results showed that, after the aging treatment, the dendritic structure of the welded joints transformed into an equiaxed crystal structure. Moreover, the residual tensile stress generated in the welding process was weakened, and the hardness and tensile strength were significantly improved. After DSUIT, a plastic deformation layer of a certain thickness was generated from the surface downward, and the residual compressive stress was introduced to a certain depth of the joint. However, the weld zone unaffected by DSUIT still exhibited residual tensile stress. The inner microhardness of the joint surface improved; the impact surface hardness was the largest and gradually decreased inward to the weld zone base metal hardness, with a small improvement in the tensile strength. Compared with the single treatment process, the microstructural and mechanical properties of the welded joint after A–DSUIT were comprehensively improved. The microhardness and tensile strength of the welded joint reached 200 HV and 615 MPa, respectively, for an increase of 45.8% and 61.8%, respectively. Observation of the fractures of the tensile specimens under the different treatment processes showed that the fractures before the aging treatment were mainly ductile fractures while those after were mainly brittle fractures. After DSUIT of the welded joints, a clear and dense plastic deformation layer was observed in the fracture of the tensile specimens and effectively improved the tensile properties of the welded joints. Under the EBSD characterization, the larger the residual compressive stress near the ultrasonic impact surface, the smaller the grain diameter and misorientation angle, and the lower the texture strength. Finally, after A–DSUIT, the hardness and tensile properties improved the most.

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Contact Mechanics of Five Total Knee Joint Replacements

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Stewart ◽  
Z M Jin ◽  
D Shaw ◽  
D D Auger ◽  
M Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Contact Stress ◽  
Linear Elasticity ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Elasticity Analysis ◽  
Joint Replacements ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
Maximum Contact

The tibio-femoral contact area in five current popular total knee joint replacements has been measured using pressure-sensitive film under a normal load of 2.5 kN and at several angles of flexion The corresponding maximum contact pressure has been estimated from the measured contact areas and found to exceed the point at which plastic deformation is expected in the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) component particularly at flexion angles near 90°. The measured contact area and the estimated maximum contact stress have been found to be similar in magnitude for all of the five knee joint replacements tested. A significant difference, however, has been found in maximum contact pressure predicted from linear elasticity analysis for the different knee joints. This indicates that varying amounts of plastic deformation occurred in the polyethylene component in the different knee designs. It is important to know the extent of damage as knees with large amounts of plastic deformation are more likely to suffer low cycle fatigue failure. It is therefore concluded that the measurement of contact areas alone can be misleading in the design of and deformation in total knee joint replacements. It is important to modify geometries to reduce the maximum contact stress as predicted from the linear elasticity analysis, to below the linear elastic limit of the plastic component.

Thermal Effects in Contact Fatigue Under Oscillatory Normal Load

1965 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Burton ◽  
J. C. Tyler ◽  
P. M. Ku
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Thermal Transformation ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Temperature ◽  
Flat Specimen ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Specimen Temperature

Experiments are reported wherein contact fatigue was brought about by the application of an oscillatory normal load between a ball and a flat specimen. Plots of the flat-specimen temperature versus time showed that a rapid temperature rise occurred in the initial stage of crack formation, and thus provided an early indication of fatigue. Thermal resistances were measured for the apparatus components as well as the specimen contact. Using these, it was possible to apply the measured flat-specimen temperature to obtain estimates of the contact temperature as well as the energy dissipation rate prior to the incidence of fatigue cracks. It was shown that the contact temperature did not rise sufficiently to produce annealing in the test specimens. Thus, toroidal rings of hardened and softened material in the stressed zone could not be attributed to thermal transformation of the bearing steel. It was also shown that energy dissipation due to cyclic loading varied in approximate exponential relationship with dynamic load, and decreased upon increase of static load when dynamic load was maintained constant.

scholarly journals Wear Mechanism of Abrasive Gas Jet Erosion on a Rock and the Effect of Abrasive Hardness on It

Geofluids ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Liu ◽  
Huidong Zhang ◽  
Pathegama Gamage Ranjith ◽  
Jianping Wei ◽  
Xiaotian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Fatigue Failure ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Gas Jet ◽  
Abrasive Particles ◽  
Erosion Models ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Field Geometry ◽  
Abrasive Hardness ◽  
Wear Tests

The existing erosion models of abrasive gas jet tend to neglect the effects of the rebounding abrasive. To address this shortcoming, abrasive wear tests were conducted on limestone by using an abrasive gas jet containing different types of particles and with different standoff distances. The results indicate that erosion pits have the shape of an inverted cone and a hemispherical bottom. An annular platform above the hemispherical bottom connects the bottom with the side of the pit. The primary cause of the peculiar pit shape is the flow field geometry of the gas jet with its entrained particles. There is an annular region between the axis and boundary of the abrasive gas jet, and it contains no abrasive. Particles swirling around the axis form a hemispherical bottom. After rebounding, the abrasive with the highest velocity enlarges the diameters of both the hemispherical bottom and erosion pit and induces the formation of an annular platform. The surface features of different areas of the erosion pit are characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It can be concluded that the failure modes for different locations are different. The failure is caused by an impact stress wave of the incident abrasive at the bottom. Plastic deformation is the primary failure mode induced by rebounding particles at the sides of the hemispherical bottom. The plastic deformation induced by the incident abrasive and fatigue failure induced by the rebounding abrasive are the primary failure modes on the annular platform. Fatigue failure induced by rebounding particles is the primary mode at the sides of the erosion pits. The rock failure mechanism that occurs for particles with different hardness is the same, but the rock damaged by the hard abrasive has a rougher surface.

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