Visco-Elastohydrodynamic (VEHD) Lubrication in Radial Lip Seals: Part 2—Fluid Film Formation

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. van Leeuwen ◽  
M. J. L. Stakenborg
Keyword(s):  
Film Formation ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Fluid Film ◽  
Hydrodynamic Theory ◽  
Frictional Torque ◽  
Lip Seal ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Lip Seals ◽  
Film Lubrication ◽  
Fluid Film Lubrication

It is shown in Part 1 of this work (Stakenborg et al., 1990) that dynamic excitation of a radial lip seal will result in nonuniform clearances, due to viscous and inertial seal material behavior. These clearances are filled with fluid. Due to entrainment effects in a converging part of the clearance, fluid pressures will develop, which are sufficiently high to overcome the radial preload. These fluid pressures are excellently described by short bearing theory. The viscous and inertial effects can lead to a type of full film lubrication which is designated visco-elastohydrodynamic (VEHD) lubrication. VEHD lubrication addresses the (apparent) parallel fluid film lubrication problem in radial lip seals. At present, it is the only macro-hydrodynamic theory that results in calculated fluid film thicknesses, friction torques and leakage rates that are in agreement with experimental data. A novel feature of VEHD lubrication is the increase of frictional torque with decreasing viscosity under conditions of full film lubrication and low viscosity values, hitherto believed to be mixed lubrication.

Thermohydrodynamic Phenomena in Fluid Film Lubrication

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Seireg ◽  
H. Ezzat
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Equation ◽  
Fluid Film ◽  
Hydrodynamic Theory ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Isothermal Conditions ◽  
Empirical Procedure ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Film Lubrication ◽  
Classical Hydrodynamic ◽  
Fluid Film Lubrication

The classical hydrodynamic theory of fluid film lubrication as described by Reynolds’ equation assumes isothermal conditions in the film. Such conditions may never exist in many engineering applications. A common practice is to calculate bearing performance with isothermal conditions at an average film temperature. This paper presents results on the load-carrying capacity of the film when thermal homogeneity does not exist. An empirical procedure is proposed for the prediction of the thermohydrodynamic behavior of the film. A hysteresis-type phenomenon in the pressure-temperature relationship is also observed.

Paper 3: Recent Developments in Fluid Film Lubrication Theory

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lloyd ◽  
H. McCallion
Keyword(s):  
Finite Difference ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Lubrication Theory ◽  
Fluid Film ◽  
Special Topic ◽  
Finite Difference Schemes ◽  
Great Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Film Lubrication ◽  
Fluid Film Lubrication

Developments in high-speed electronic computers have greatly influenced the progress in fluid film lubrication over the past ten years. Static and dynamic oil film parameters have been computed for a wide range of finite geometries, for hydrostatic and hydrodynamic bearings lubricated by compressible and incompressible lubricants. These are either sufficient in themselves or else act as a yardstick against which approximate formulas may be tested. Much use has been made of iterative finite difference schemes, which are particularly well suited to digital computers, and these methods are now more fully understood. Other methods of solution include direct inversion of finite difference matrices and solution by expression of the pressure by some infinite series, a finite number of terms of which give adequate representation. Besides the increase in design data available, there has been substantial progress through a re-examination of the effects of modifying some of the assumptions inherent in most of the available solutions of the Reynolds equation. These include the assumption of constant lubricant viscosity, of rigid surfaces and of laminar flow. Major progress has been witnessed in two fields. The interaction of the lubricant film with elastic boundaries has been shown to be of prime importance in highly loaded contacts such as gears. This has led to the development of the special topic of elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory. The applicability of gas bearings in such growing industries as computers, space vehicles and nuclear reactors has resulted in great activity and progress in this field.

The breakdown of fluid film lubrication in elastic-isoviscous point contacts

Wear ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Medley ◽  
A.B. Strong ◽  
R.M. Pilliar ◽  
E.W. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Film ◽  
Point Contacts ◽  
Film Lubrication ◽  
Fluid Film Lubrication

scholarly journals Mixed and Fluid Film Lubrication Characteristics of Worn Journal Bearings

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiharu Kazama ◽  
Yukihito Narita
Keyword(s):  
Frictional Coefficient ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
Mixed Lubrication ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fluid Film ◽  
Asperity Contact ◽  
Lubrication Regimes ◽  
Lubrication Characteristics ◽  
Film Lubrication ◽  
Fluid Film Lubrication

The mixed and fluid film lubrication characteristics of plain journal bearings with shape changed by wear are numerically examined. A mixed lubrication model that employs both of the asperity-contact mechanism proposed by Greenwood and Williamson and the average flow model proposed by Patir and Cheng includes the effects of adsorbed film and elastic deformation is applied. Considering roughness interaction, the effects of the dent depth and operating conditions on the loci of the journal center, the asperity-contact and hydrodynamic fluid pressures, friction, and leakage are discussed. The following conclusions are drawn. In the mixed lubrication regime, the dent of the bearing noticeably influences the contact and fluid pressures. For smaller dents, the contact pressure and frictional coefficient reduce. In mixed and fluid film lubrication regimes, the pressure and coefficient increase for larger dents. Furthermore, as the dent increases and the Sommerfeld number decreases, the flow rate continuously increases.

Optimum Design of Hydrostatic Spherical Bearings in Fluid Film Lubrication

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 866-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiharu Kazama
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Design ◽  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Fluid Film ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Minimum Power ◽  
Maximum Stiffness ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Film Lubrication ◽  
Fluid Film Lubrication

The optimum design of hydrostatic spherical bearings in fluid film lubrication is examined theoretically. The analytical solutions are derived for both fitted and clearance types of bearings with capillary and orifice restrictors. The optimal size based on the minimum power loss and the maximum stiffness is presented, and the difference between two types of bearings is discussed. [S0742-4787(00)02204-9]

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document