Effect of Pressure on Combustion Characteristics in LBG-Fueled 1300°C-Class Gas Turbine

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nakata ◽  
M. Sato ◽  
T. Ninomiya ◽  
T. Yoshine ◽  
M. Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Pressure ◽  
Coal Gasifier

Developing integrated coal gasification combined cycle systems ensures that Japan will have cost-effective and environmentally sound options for supplying future power generation needs. Reduction of NOx emissions and increasing the inlet temperature of gas turbines are the most significant issues in gas turbine development in IGCC. The coal gasified fuel, which is produced in a coal gasifier of air blown entrained-flow type has a calorific value as low as 1/10 of natural gas. Furthermore, the fuel gas contains ammonia when a gas cleaning system is a hot type, and ammonia will be converted to nitrogen oxides in the combustion process of a gas turbine. The study is performed in 1300°C-class gas turbine combustor firing coal-gasifier fuel in IGCC power generation systems. In the previous study [1] the advanced rich-lean combustor of 150-MW class gas turbine was designed to hold stable combustion burning low-Btu gas fuel and to reduce fuel NOx emission that is produced from the ammonia in the fuel. By testing it under atmospheric pressure conditions, we have studied the effects of fuel parameters on combustor performances and listed the basic data for development applications. In this study, by testing it under pressurized conditions, we have obtained a very significant result through investigating the effect of pressure on combustion characteristics and wish to provide herein a summary of our findings.

scholarly journals Effect of Pressure on Combustion Characteristics in LBG–Fueled 1300°C–Class Gas Turbine

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Nakata ◽  
Mikio Sato ◽  
Toru Ninomiya ◽  
Toshiyuki Yoshine ◽  
Masahiko Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Effect Of Pressure

Developing integrated coal gasification combined cycle systems ensures that Japan will have cost–effective and environmentally sound options for supplying future power generation needs. The reduction of NOx emissions and increasing the inlet temperature of gas turbines are the most significant issues in gas turbine development in IGCC. The coal gasified fuel, which is produced in a coal gasifier of air–blown entrained–flow type has calorific value as low as 1/10 of natural gas. Furthermore the fuel gas contains ammonia when a gas cleaning system is a hot type, and ammonia will be converted to nitrogen oxides in the combustion process of a gas turbine. The study is performed in 1300°C–class gas turbine combustor firing coal–gasified fuel in IGCC power generation systems. In the previous study the advanced rich–lean combustor of 150–MW class gas turbine was designed to hold stable combustion burning low–Btu gas fuel and to reduce fuel NOx emission that is produced from the ammonia in the fuel. By testing it under atmospheric pressure conditions, we have studied the effects of fuel parameters on combustor performances and listed the basic data for development applications. In this study, by testing it under pressurized conditions, we have obtained a very significant result through investigating the effect of pressure on combustion characteristics and wish to provide herein a summary of our findings.

A Study on Low NOx Combustion in LBG-Fueled 1500°C-Class Gas Turbine

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Nakata ◽  
Mikio Sato ◽  
Toru Ninomiya ◽  
Takeharu Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Secondary Air

Developing integrated coal gasification combined cycle systems ensures cost-effective and environmentally sound options for supplying future power generation needs. The reduction of NOx emissions and increasing the inlet temperature of gas turbines are the most significant issues in gas turbine development in an Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power generation systems. The coal gasified fuel, which is produced in a coal gasifier of air-blown entrained-flow type has calorific value as low as 1/10 of natural gas. Furthermore the fuel gas contains ammonia when a gas cleaning system is a hot type, and ammonia will be converted to nitrogen oxides in the combustion process of a gas turbine. This study is performed in a 1500°C-class gas turbine combustor firing low-Btu coal-gasified fuel in IGCC systems. An advanced rich-lean combustor of 150-MW class gas turbine was designed to hold stable combustion burning low-Btu gas and to reduce fuel NOx emission that is produced from the ammonia in the fuel. The main fuel and the combustion air is supplied into fuel-rich combustion chamber with strong swirl flow and make fuel-rich flame to decompose ammonia into intermediate reactants such as NHi and HCN. The secondary air is mixed with primary combustion gas dilatorily to suppress the oxidization of ammonia reactants in fuel-lean combustion chamber and to promote a reducing process to nitrogen. By testing it under atmospheric pressure conditions, the authors have obtained a very significant result through investigating the effect of combustor exit gas temperature on combustion characteristics. Since we have ascertained the excellent performance of the tested combustor through our extensive investigation, we wish to report on the results.

A Study on Low NOx Combustion in LBG-Fueled 1500°C-Class Gas Turbine

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nakata ◽  
M. Sato ◽  
T. Ninomiya ◽  
T. Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Gas Temperature

Developing integrated coal gasification combined-cycle systems ensures cost-effective and environmentally sound options for supplying future power generation needs. The reduction of NOx emissions and increasing the inlet temperature of gas turbines are the most significant issues in gas turbine development in Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power generation systems. The coal gasified fuel, which is produced in a coal gasifier of an air-blown entrained-flow type has a calorific value as low as 1/10 of natural gas. Furthermore, the fuel gas contains ammonia when a gas cleaning system is a hot type, and ammonia will be converted to nitrogen oxides in the combustion process of a gas turbine. This study is performed in a 1500°C-class gas turbine combustor firing low-Btu coal-gasified fuel in IGCC systems. An advanced rich-lean combustor of 150-MW class gas turbine was designed to hold stable combustion burning low-Btu gas and to reduce fuel NOx emissions from the ammonia in the fuel. The main fuel and the combustion air are supplied into a fuel-rich combustion chamber with strong swirl flow and make fuel-rich flame to decompose ammonia into intermediate reactants such as NHi and HCN. The secondary air is mixed with primary combustion gas dilatorily to suppress the oxidization of ammonia reactants in fuel-lean combustion chamber and to promote a reducing process to nitrogen. By testing under atmospheric pressure conditions, the authors have obtained a very significant result through investigating the effect of combustor exit gas temperature on combustion characteristics. Since we have ascertained the excellent performance of the tested combustor through our extensive investigation, we wish to report on the results.

scholarly journals Development of a Low-NOx LBG Combustor for Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Power Generation Systems

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
T. Abe ◽  
T. Ninomiya ◽  
T. Nakata ◽  
T. Yoshine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Combustion Tests ◽  
Power Generation Systems

From the view point of future coal utilization technology for the thermal power generation systems, the coal gasification combined cycle system has drawn special interest recently. In the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system, it is necessary to develop a high temperature gas turbine combustor using a low-BTU gas (LBG) which has high thermal efficiency and low emissions. In Japan a development program of the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system has started in 1985 by the national government and Japanese electric companies. In this program, 1300°C class gas turbines will be developed. If the fuel gas cleaning system is a hot type, the coal gaseous fuel to be supplied to gas turbines will contain ammonia. Ammonia will be converted to nitric oxides in the combustion process in gas turbines. Therefore, low fuel-NOx combustion technology will be one of the most important research subjects. This paper describes low fuel-NOx combustion technology for 1300°C class gas turbine combustors using coal gaseous low-BTU fuel as well as combustion characteristics and carbon monoxide emission characteristics. Combustion tests were conducted using a full-scale combustor used for the 150 MW gas turbine at the atmospheric pressure. Furthermore, high pressure combustion tests were conducted using a half-scale combustor used for the 1 50 MW gas turbine.

scholarly journals Development of Ceramic Components for a Power Generating Gas Turbine

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hara ◽  
T. Tsuchiya ◽  
F. Maeda ◽  
I. Tsuji ◽  
K. Wada
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Ceramic Components ◽  
Cooperative Research Program

Since 1984, TEPCO (Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc.) has been conducting a cooperative research program to apply ceramics to power generating gas turbines with three Japanese gas turbine manufacturers (Toshiba Corporation, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., and Hitachi, Ltd.). The goal of the program is development of a 20MW class gas turbine with turbine inlet temperature of 1,300C (1,573K) to improve the efficiency of coal gasification combined cycle power generation. Preliminary design of the gas turbine was conducted during 1984–1985 and basic design criteria, such as desired configuration and material properties, were established. Based on the results of the preliminary design, it was decided to apply ceramics to the liner and transition piece of the combustor, the 1st and 2nd stage nozzles and 1st stage rotor in a three stage turbine. As for the rotors, development efforts were also applied to thermal barrier coatings on conventional metal blades. Parallel efforts have been conducted on the development of each ceramic component since 1986. This paper will review the design of ceramic components from structural and material standpoints, and present results obtained from tests conducted under various operational conditions.

Energy and Exergy Analysis of Gas Turbine – Fuel Cell Based Combined Cycle Power Plant

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sreeramulu ◽  
A. V. S. S. K. S. Gupta ◽  
T. Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Exergy Destruction

The newer power generation systems are becoming more important for the society due to increase in demand for the electrical energy utilization and higher energy conversion efficiencies. Though it is not new, fuel cell technology is one of the promising systems for cleaner and competitive alternate power generation system. When the fuel cells are integrated with the gas turbines, the total thermal efficiency of the combined cycle can be obtained greater than 60%. This is appreciably better exergetic performance when compared to traditional gas turbine cycle. In this work, thermodynamic analysis of SOFC-GT combined system (2.898MW) has been carried out, to evaluate energy efficiency, exergy efficiency and exergy destruction of each component is calculated. The effect of compression ratio (rp), turbine inlet temperature (TIT), air fuel ratio and ambient temperature of air, on the performance of the system has been analyzed by adopting the different fuels. The outcome of the system modeling reveals that SOFC and combustion chamber are the main sources of exergy destruction. When the methane, natural gas and coal gas are used as fuels, at the optimum compression ratio 9, the total thermal efficiencies are found to be 63.3%, 62.12% and 61.02% respectively. The exergy efficiencies are obtained respectively as 60.85%, 59.16% and 60.06%.

scholarly journals Design and Test of a Low-NOx Advanced Rich-Lean Combustor for LBG Fueled 1300°C-Class Gas Turbine

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nakata ◽  
M. Sato ◽  
T. Ninomiya ◽  
T. Yoshine ◽  
M. Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Coal Gasifier

Research and development of an IGCC (Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle) power generation system is being carried out as one of the advanced coal utilization technology in Japan. The coal gasified fuel, which is produced in a coal gasifier of air-blown entrained-flow type has calorific value as low as 1/10 of LNG. Furthermore, the fuel gas contains ammonia when a gas cleaning system is a hot type, and ammonia will be converted to nitrogen oxides in the combustion process of a gas turbine. The authors have designed and made an 1300°C-class advanced rich-lean combustor mainly designed for achieving low fuel-NOx combustion. By testing it under atmospheric pressure conditions, we have successfully reduced the NOx emissions (to 60 ppm corrected at 16 percent O2) by more than half the level previously achieved when the ammonia concentration was 1000 ppm. Combustion stability was adequate even when the calorific value of the fuel decreased to 2700 kJ/m3N.

scholarly journals Coal Gaseous Fueled, Low Fuel-NOx Gas Turbine Combustor

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
T. Ninomiya ◽  
T. Nakata ◽  
T. Yoshine ◽  
M. Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Fuel Nox

From the view point of future coal utilization technology for the thermal power generation systems, the coal gasification combined cycle system has drawn special interest recently. In the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system, it is necessary to develop a high temperature gas turbine combustor using a low–BTU gas (LBG) which has high thermal efficiency and low emissions. In Japan a development program on the coal gasification combined cycle power generation system has started in 1985 by the national government and Japanese electric companies. In this program, is planned to develop the 1300 °C class gas turbines. However, in the case of using a hot type fuel gas cleaning system, the coal gas fuel to be supplied to gas turbines will contain ammonia. Ammonia will be converted to nitric oxides in the combustion process in gas turbines. Therefore, low fuel–NOx combustion technology is one of the most important research subjects. This paper describes low fuel–NOx combustion technology for 1300 °C class gas turbine combustor using low BTU coal gas fuel. Authors have showed that the rich–lean combustion method is effective to decrease fuel–NOx (1). In general in rich–lean combustion method, the fuel–NOx decreases, as the primary zone becomes richer. But flameholding becomes very difficult in even rich primary zone. For this reason this combustor was designed to have a flameholder with pilot flame. Combustion tests were conducted by using a full scale combustor used in 150 MW gas turbine at the atmospheric pressure condition.

Three Spool High Efficiency Small Scale Gas Turbine Concept

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Malkamäki ◽  
Ahti Jaatinen-Värri ◽  
Antti Uusitalo ◽  
Aki Grönman ◽  
Juha Honkatukia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Reciprocating Engines

Decentralized electricity and heat production is a rising trend in small-scale industry. There is a tendency towards more distributed power generation. The decentralized power generation is also pushed forward by the policymakers. Reciprocating engines and gas turbines have an essential role in the global decentralized energy markets and improvements in their electrical efficiency have a substantial impact from the environmental and economic viewpoints. This paper introduces an intercooled and recuperated three stage, three-shaft gas turbine concept in 850 kW electric output range. The gas turbine is optimized for a realistic combination of the turbomachinery efficiencies, the turbine inlet temperature, the compressor specific speeds, the recuperation rate and the pressure ratio. The new gas turbine design is a natural development of the earlier two-spool gas turbine construction and it competes with the efficiencies achieved both with similar size reciprocating engines and large industrial gas turbines used in heat and power generation all over the world and manufactured in large production series. This paper presents a small-scale gas turbine process, which has a simulated electrical efficiency of 48% as well as thermal efficiency of 51% and can compete with reciprocating engines in terms of electrical efficiency at nominal and partial load conditions.

Application of Ultra-Low NOx Combustor to the MHPS Existing Gas Turbine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nishiumi ◽  
Hirofumi Ohara ◽  
Kotaro Miyauchi ◽  
Sosuke Nakamura ◽  
Toshishige Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Design Development ◽  
And Control

Abstract In recent years, MHPS achieved a NET M501J gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) efficiency in excess of 62% operating at 1,600°C, while maintaining NOx under 25ppm. Taking advantage of our gas turbine combustion design, development and operational experience, retrofits of earlier generation gas turbines have been successfully applied and will be described in this paper. One example of the latest J-Series technologies, a conventional pilot nozzle was changed to a premix type pilot nozzle for low emission. The technology was retrofitted to the existing F-Series gas turbines, which resulted in emission rates of lower than 9ppm NOx(15%O2) while maintaining the same Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT: Average Gas Temperature at the exit of the transition piece). After performing retrofitting design, high pressure rig tests, the field test prior to commercial operation was conducted on January 2019. This paper describes the Ultra-Low NOx combustor design features, retrofit design, high pressure rig test and verification test results of the upgraded M501F gas turbine. In addition, it describes another upgrade of turbine to improve efficiency and of combustion control system to achieve low emissions. Furthermore it describes the trouble-free upgrade of seven (7) units, which was completed by utilizing MHPS integration capabilities, including handling all the design, construction and service work of the main equipment, plant and control systems.

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