The Design and Performance Optimization of Thermal Systems

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. von Spakovsky ◽  
R. B. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Rules Of Thumb ◽  
And Performance

Optimization techniques are, in general, still not used today in the design and performance analysis of thermal systems and their components. The engineer’s search for the best system configuration is based solely on rules-of-thumb and not on a systematic, analytical determination of what the optimal design or performance should be. In addition, economic factors are not directly tied to thermodynamic ones; therefore, the economic ramifications of thermodynamic changes to the system are not usually, if ever, immediately apparent. A general analytical approach that directly determines the optimum thermodynamic and econmic behavior of thermal systems is discussed and illustrated using Rankine cycles. Utilizing the Second Law and typical Second Law costing techniques, this method provides for the creation of mathematical models that balance a cycle’s operating costs and capital expenditures. Such models can be solved numerically, subject to various constraints, for the optimum design and performance of thermal systems.

The Design and Performance Optimization of Thermal System Components

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. von Spakovsky ◽  
R. B. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Thermal System ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
System Variables ◽  
Optimum Operating Point ◽  
Component Models

A general analytical approach which directly determines the optimum thermodynamic and economic behavior of thermal systems and which is described in detail in von Spakovsky and Evans (1987) and von Spakovsky (1986) is briefly discussed here in the context of establishing a “stable economic environment” around each cycle component. Such environments allow for isolated, individual component optimizations which need not to be performed at the time the system is optimized, but which nonetheless correspond to some overall system optimum. In these environments, very “detailed” thermoeconomic component models can be optimized without the added complications resulting from a consideration of all the other system variables. The development and optimization of these “detailed” models is illustrated using the example of a feedwater heater. Utilizing the Second Law and typical Second Law costing techniques, the method presented here provides for the creation of mathematical models which balance operating costs and capital expenditures. Such models can be solved numerically for the optimum design point or the optimum operating point of a thermal system and each of its components.

Analytical Determination of Torch Characteristics of Rotary Kiln Burners

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-350
Author(s):  
G. M. Druzhinin ◽  
N. B. Loshkarev ◽  
E. D. Solntseva ◽  
I. M. Khammatov
Keyword(s):  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Analytical Determination

The Frequency of Occurrence of Handwriting Performance Features Used to Predict Whether Questioned Signatures are Simulated

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
David Black ◽  
Bryan Found ◽  
Doug Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Relative Speed ◽  
Simulation Process ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Document Examiners ◽  
Line Trace

Forensic Document Examiners (FDEs) examine the physical morphology and performance attributes of a line trace when comparing questioned to specimen handwriting samples for the purpose of determining authorship. Along with spatial features, the elements of execution of the handwriting are thought to provide information as to whether or not a questioned sample is the product of a disguise or simulation process. Line features such as tremor, pen-lifts, blunt beginning and terminating strokes, indicators of relative speed, splicing and touch ups, are subjectively assessed and used in comparisons by FDEs and can contribute to the formation of an opinion as to the validity of a questioned sample of handwriting or signatures. In spite of the routine use of features such as these, there is little information available regarding the relative frequency of occurrence of these features in populations of disguised and simulated samples when compared to a large population of a single individual’s signature. This study describes a survey of the occurrence of these features in 46 disguised signatures, 620 simulated signatures (produced by 31 different amateur forgers) and 177 genuine signatures. It was found that the presence of splices and touch-ups were particularly good predictors of the simulation process and that all line quality parameters were potentially useful contributors in the determination of the authenticity of questioned signatures. Purchase Article - $10

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