Analysis of Electric Wheeling on Cooperative Fuel Cell Cogeneration Systems Installed in Multi-Areas

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ito ◽  
R. Yokoyama ◽  
S. Gamou ◽  
Y. Matsumoto

The influence of electric wheeling—mutual accommodation of electric supply through an electrical grid—on both economical and energy-saving properties of cogeneration systems installed in multi-areas is investigated. An optimization approach is adopted to evaluate a critical influence of electric wheeling and to determine the systems’ sizes and operational strategies rationally. Equipment capacities and maximum contract demands of utilities in each area are determined so as to minimize the annual total cost of the total system in consideration of operational strategies for energy supply to the respective areas and mutual electric wheeling. Numerical studies are carried out on the total system with fuel cells by restricting the total number of multi-areas to two. The results show that the introduction of electric wheeling brings little reduction of both the annual total cost and the annual primary energy consumption, in spite of reflecting the optimal utilization of fuel cells through the wheeling function.

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Yokoyama ◽  
K. Ito ◽  
Y. Matsumoto

An optimal planning method is proposed for the fundamental design of cogeneration plants. Equipment capacities and utility maximum demands are determined so as to minimize the annual total cost in consideration of the plants’ annual operational strategies for the variations of both electricity and thermal energy demands. These sizing and operational planning problems are formulated as a nonlinear programming problem and a mixed-integer linear programming problem, respectively. They are solved efficiently in consideration of their hierarchical relationship by a penalty method. A numerical example about a gas turbine plant is given to ascertain the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method.


2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 1756-1761
Author(s):  
Li Jun Chen ◽  
Chao Xu ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Li Jun Mi ◽  
Xing Cai Shi

In order to improve the technical economy of direct air-cooled system, based on the thermodynamic model of the air-cooled system, taking the annual total cost as the objective function, the face velocity of air and the ITD (initial temperature difference) value as parameters, this article has researched the optimal ITD of direct air-cooled system in theory, and given the uncertainty analysis in the end to reflect the influence of economic parameters. The results shows that the technical economy of direct air-cooled system can achieve optimal under the condition of economic parameters change. Thus, the results of studying will provide helpful guidance for the optimization of direct air-cooled system.


Author(s):  
Shu Yoshida ◽  
Satoshi Gamou ◽  
Koichi Ito ◽  
Toshinori Enokido ◽  
Ryohei Yokoyama

An optimal planning method of renewal planning for energy supply systems is proposed to determine the proper renewal year and selection as to what kind of equipment is suitable for several types of buildings from economic viewpoint. In this method, they are determined together with maximum contract demands of utilities such as electricity and natural gas so as to minimize the annual total cost in consideration of system’s annual operational strategies corresponding to seasonal and hourly energy demand requirements during every evaluation year considered. A numerical study is carried out for an office building with a total floor area of 15 000m2, where the system is consisted of an electric refrigerator and a steam boiler. Through the numerical calculation, the influence of the following items are clarified on the optimal renewing year and selection of renewing equipment of the system by the parametric study; (a) upgrading technology of the equipment in the future; (b) initial capital cost of equipment; (c) renewing construction cost and trade-in value rate; and (d) interest rate.


2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (18n19) ◽  
pp. 3483-3485
Author(s):  
JING-WEN TANG ◽  
YOU-RONG LI ◽  
LAN PENG ◽  
SHUANG-YING WU ◽  
BO LAN

Based on the principle of exergy-economy, the equation for the annual total cost of the low-temperature pipeline is derived by analyzing the process of the transport, which can be used to discuss the effects of the pipe diameter and insulation thickness on the annual total cost. An approach of the synchro-design method for the low-temperature pipeline and its insulation is proposed. From the point of reducing the annual total cost, the calculating formulas of the low-temperature pipeline and insulation thickness are obtained.


Author(s):  
Satoshi Gamou ◽  
Koichi Ito ◽  
Ryohei Yokoyama

The relationships between unit numbers and capacities to be installed for microturbine cogeneration systems are analyzed from an economic viewpoint. In analyzing, an optimization approach is adopted. Namely, unit numbers and capacities are determined together with maximum contract demands of utilities such as electricity and natural gas so as to minimize the annual total cost in consideration of annual operational strategies corresponding to seasonal and hourly energy demand requirements. This optimization problem is formulated as a large-scale mixed-integer linear programming one. The suboptimal solution of this problem is obtained efficiently by solving several small-scale subproblems. Through numerical studies carried out on systems installed in hotels by changing the electrical generating/exhaust heat recovery efficiencies, the initial capital cost of the microturbine cogeneration unit and maximum energy demands as parameters, the influence of the parameters on the optimal numbers and capacities of the microturbine cogeneration units is clarified.


2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 2918-2922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Lin Qu ◽  
Xu Ge ◽  
Lei Wei ◽  
Li Peng

Combined Cooling,Heating and Power system(CCHP system) has potential advantages in areas of energy reliability, environment and economics. This paper analyses the system's principles and puts forward internal combustion engine CCHP system and builds a series of mathematical models of each part. The main purpose of this paper is the analysis of the annual total cost and energy saving rate, the results show that, compared with the conventional supply system, the CCHP system can save 1,060,000¥annual, the save rate is amounted to 22.1% and relative energy saving ratio could reach 13%. This study may provide with some reliable foundations on the application of the CCHP system.


2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 164.2-165
Author(s):  
S. Castañeda ◽  
E. Vicente ◽  
M. Llamas Velasco ◽  
J. Sanchez Perez ◽  
J. Pardo ◽  
...  

Background:Psoriasis (Ps) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have a major impact on patients’ health-related quality of life. Cost of illness of patients with Ps, PsA and both diseases (PsA+Ps) is an important subject as they are associated with a substantial economic impact, with implications from a health management perspective.Objectives:To describe the economic burden of direct non-healthcare and indirect resources of patients with Ps, PsA and PsA+Ps in Spain.Methods:COEPSO (“Evaluation of Costs in patients with Psoriatic Disease”) was an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study performed in 22 Spanish centers (17 Dermatology and 14 Rheumatology Services), from February 2017 to February 2018, including moderate to severe Ps and PsA patients (with or without Ps), naive to biologics. Direct non-healthcare (social services, home care, physical adaptations, private health and non-health professionals, non-reimbursed and non-pharmaceutical therapies), indirect (loss of productivity) and total costs (direct non-healthcare and indirect costs) related to the disease during the previous year to the study were obtained. Unitary costs (€, 2018) were calculated: out-of-pocket costs were specified directly by patients and loss of productivity costs by means of average salaries based on occupation specified by patients. The information was collected through a case report form filled out by the investigators and a telephone survey administered to the patients.Results:A total of 318 patients were included (196 Ps; 43 PsA and 79 PsA+Ps), mean age 48.7 years and 51.3% males. Metabolic syndrome was the most frequent comorbidity in all groups. The average annual total cost per patient was 1,042.71€ (SD 3,817.55), 1,137.84€ (SD 3,070.39) and 1,830.26€ (SD 5,835.81) for Ps, PsA and PsA+Ps, respectively. The average annual direct non-healthcare cost per patient was 749.57€ (SD 2,393.77), 750.50€ (SD 1,641.82) and 1,247.56€ (SD 4,467.19) for Ps, PsA and PsA+Ps, respectively. The average annual indirect cost per patient was 293.14€ (SD 2,855.27), 387.35€ (SD 2,409.63) and 582.71€ (SD 3,842.12) for Ps, PsA and PsA+Ps, respectively.Patients with combined PsA+Ps had higher annual total cost (direct non-healthcare and indirect costs) than patients with only one of these manifestations separately (75.5% and 60.9% above patients with Ps and PsA, respectively). Total costs in patients with Ps and PsA were similar. Direct non-healthcare costs represent between 66.0% (patients with PsA) to 71.9% (patients with Ps) of total cost. Indirect costs represent between 28.1% (patients with Ps) to 34.0% (patients with PsA) of total cost.Conclusion:PsA and Ps have proved to be diseases with a high economic burden, and the total costs were mainly driven by direct non-healthcare costs. Moreover, although annual total costs in patients with PsA were similar to those of Ps patients, the combination of both manifestations yielded the highest costs suggesting the importance of the increased disease load.Disclosure of Interests:Santos Castañeda: None declared, Esther Vicente Speakers bureau: BMS, Roche., Mar Llamas Velasco: None declared, Javier Sanchez Perez: None declared, José Pardo: None declared, Rita Cabeza-Martínez: None declared, Mercedes Miranda-Fontes: None declared, Juan Márquez: None declared, Jaime Calvo Grant/research support from: Lilly, UCB, Consultant of: Abbvie, Jansen, Celgene, susana armesto: None declared, Isabel Belinchón: None declared, Alejandro Gómez: None declared, María Dolores Miranda: None declared, Silvia Martinez Pardo: None declared, Leticia Merino-Meléndez: None declared, Miguel Angel Casado Consultant of: UCB Pharma, María Yébenes: None declared, Araceli Casado: None declared


2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
MM Hossain ◽  
MK Alam ◽  
M Haque

The study aimed to examine the feeding, management, income and livelihood improvement through goat rearing in Mymensingh district. The study was conducted at different unions namely Gazirvita, Koichapur and Norail of Haluaghat Upazila in Mymensingh district. Total 45 respondents were randomly selected from three unions where 15 from each union. The respondents were classified into three distinct groups. The farmers belonged to Group-G, who lives in Gazirvita union, Group-K, who lives in Koichapur union and Group-N, belonged to the farmers who lives in Norail union. The period of data collection was from April to June, 2011. The farmer’s families were poorest of the poor and illiterate. The annual total cost of production of Black Bengal goat was Tk. 2154, while gross return and net return per household were Tk. 4296 and Tk. 2142, respectively. Educational status, employment for men, employment for women, social dignity and social acceptance were increased at 35, 24, 58, 26 and 23% through goat rearing in the study area. The result clearly indicates that livelihood increases dramatically through goat rearing in the study area.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (1): 29-34


2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 1417-1422
Author(s):  
Li Jun Chen ◽  
Chao Xu ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Li Jun Mi ◽  
Xing Cai Shi

In order to improve the technical economy of direct air-cooled system, based on the thermodynamic model of the air-cooled system, taking the annual total cost as the objective function, the face velocity of air and the ITD (initial temperature difference) value as parameters, this article has researched the optimal ITD of direct air-cooled system in theory, and given the uncertainty analysis in the end to reflect the influence of economic parameters. The results shows that the technical economy of direct air-cooled system can achieve optimal under the condition of economic parameters change. Thus, the results of studying will provide helpful guidance for the optimization of direct air-cooled system.


Author(s):  
Ryohei Yokoyama ◽  
Koichi Ito

A robust optimal design method based on the minimax regret criterion is proposed for unit sizing of energy supply plants so that they are robust economically against the uncertainty in energy demands. Equipment capacities and utility contract demands as well as energy flow rates are determined to minimize the maximum regret in the annual total cost and to satisfy all the possible energy demands. This optimization problem is formulated as a kind of multilevel linear programming one, and its solution is derived by repeatedly evaluating lower and upper bounds for the optimal value of the maximum regret in the annual total cost. Through a case study on a gas turbine cogeneration plant for district energy supply, it is shown that determining equipment capacities appropriately is more important under uncertain energy demands rather than certain ones. It is also shown that the ratio of power generating capacity to total power supply capacity decreases with an increase of the uncertainty in energy demands.


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