Thermal Model of a PC

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Linton ◽  
D. Agonafer
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Model ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Turbulent Viscosity ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Electronic Packages ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Finite Control ◽  
Turbulence Effects

This paper presents an alternative approach to modeling box cooling in electronic packages. A finite-control-volume simulation code is used to simulate an IBM desktop Personal Computer. Only the geometry, the overall air flow rate, the turbulent viscosity and the power dissipations from each card must be specified. The simulation code predicts the flow distribution inside the PC, the convection coefficients, the turbulence effects, and the temperatures. Predicted component temperatures were compared to measured values.

The balance principle and the Reynolds transport theorem in introductory fluid mechanics

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-209
Author(s):  
Donald D Gray ◽  
Wade W Huebsch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
Balance Principle ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Finite Control ◽  
Transport Theorem ◽  
Volume Equations

This paper traces the evolution of the use of the Reynolds transport theorem to derive finite control volume equations for mass, momentum, and energy in introductory engineering fluid mechanics textbooks used in the United States. The paper demonstrates the superior merits of an alternative approach using the balance principle. The balance principle is easier to teach, to understand, and to apply in more complex situations. It better prepares students to understand the derivation of the partial differential equations of fluid mechanics and the finite volume equations of computational fluid dynamics. For these reasons, instructors should consider using the balance principle instead of (or at minimum in addition to) the Reynolds transport theorem in introductory fluid mechanics courses.

Cluster of High-Powered Racks Within a Raised-Floor Computer Data Center: Effect of Perforated Tile Flow Distribution on Rack Inlet Air Temperatures

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Schmidt ◽  
Ethan Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Data Center ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Computer Data ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Finite Control ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Tile Flow

This paper focuses on the effect on rack inlet air temperatures as a result of maldistribution of airflows exiting the perforated tiles located adjacent to the fronts of the racks. The flow distribution exiting the perforated tiles was generated from a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool called Tileflow (trademark of Innovative Research, Inc.). Both raised floor heights and perforated tile-free areas were varied in order to explore the effect on rack inlet temperatures. The flow distribution exiting the perforated tiles was used as boundary conditions to the above-floor CFD model. A CFD model was generated for the room with electronic equipment installed on a raised floor. Forty racks of data processing (DP) equipment were arranged in rows in a data center cooled by chilled air exhausting from perforated floor tiles. The chilled air was provided by four A/C units placed inside a room 12.1 m wide×13.4 m long. Because the arrangement of the racks in the data center was symmetric, only half of the data center was modeled. The numerical modeling for the area above the raised floor was performed using a commercially available finite control volume computer code called Flotherm (trademark of Flomerics, Inc.). The flow was modeled using the k-e turbulence model. Results are displayed to provide some guidance on the design and layout of a data center.

Cluster of High Powered Racks Within a Raised Floor Computer Data Center: Effect of Perforated Tile Flow Distribution on Rack Inlet Air Temperatures

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Schmidt ◽  
Ethan Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Data Center ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Computer Data ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Finite Control ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Tile Flow

This paper focuses on the effect on inlet rack air temperatures as a result of maldistribution of airflows exiting the perforated tiles located adjacent to the fronts of the racks. The flow distribution exiting the perforated tiles was generated from a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool called Tileflow (Trademark of Innovative Research, Inc.). Both raised floor heights and perforated tile free area were varied in order to explore the effect on rack inlet temperatures. The flow distribution exiting the perforated tiles was used as boundary conditions to the above floor CFD model. A CFD model was generated for the room with electronic equipment installed on a raised floor. Fourty racks of data processing (DP) equipment were arranged in rows in a data center cooled by chilled air exhausting from perforated floor tiles. The chilled air was provided by four A/C units placed inside a room 12.1 m wide × 13.4 m long. Since the arrangement of the racks in the data center was symmetric only one-half of the data center was modeled. The numerical modeling for above the raised floor was performed using a commercially available finite control volume computer code called Flotherm (Trademark of Flomerics, Inc.). The flow was modeled using the k-e turbulence model. Results are displayed to provide some guidance on the design and layout of a data center.

scholarly journals Measurement of Air Flow Outside a Burning Cigarette during a Puff using Particle Image Velocimetry

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
A Nagao ◽  
K Miura ◽  
S Kitao ◽  
M Horio
Keyword(s):  
Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Combustion Mechanism ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Tracer Particles ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Cigarette Paper

AbstractIn order to clarify the mechanism for the generation of cigarette smoke, the combustion mechanism of a burning cigarette during a puff was investigated by focusing on air transfer. In particular, the air flow distribution outside a burning cigarette was observed and related to the aerodynamic effects of the cigarette paper and the puffing rate. The air flow rate was measured by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), using olive oil droplets as the tracer particles. It was found that air does not flow into the tip of the burning cigarette and that the air flow was concentrated at the region -2 to 2 mm around the cigarette paper char-line. This behavior was independent of the cigarette paper basis weight. When the puffing rate was changed from 2.5 to 35 mL/s, the air flow was concentrated at a region close to the cigarette paper char-line and the maximum velocity around the cigarette paper char-line increased with the puffing rate.

scholarly journals Study of the Impact of PV-Thermal and Nanofluids on the Desalination Process by Flashing

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Samuel Sami
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Finite Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mathematical And Numerical Modeling

In this study, a mathematical and numerical modeling of the photovoltaic (PV)-thermal solar system to power the multistage flashing chamber process is presented. The proposed model was established after the mass and energy conservation equations written for finite control volume were integrated with properties of the water and nanofluids. The nanofluids studied and presented herein are Ai2O3, CuO, Fe3O4, and SiO2. The multiple flashing chamber process was studied under various conditions, including different solar radiation levels, brine flows and concentrations, and nanofluid concentrations as well as flashing chamber temperatures and pressures. Solar radiation levels were taken as 500 w/m2, 750 w/m2, 1000 w/m2, and finally, 1200 w/m2. The nanofluid volumetric concentrations considered varied from 1% to 20%. There is clear evidence that the higher the solar radiation, the higher the flashed flow produced. The results also clearly show that irreversibility is reduced by using nanofluid Ai2O3 at higher concentrations of 10% to 20% compared to water as base fluid. The highest irreversibility was experienced when water was used as base fluid and the lowest irreversibility was associated with nanofluid SiO2. The irreversibility increase depends upon the type of nanofluid and its thermodynamic properties. Furthermore, the higher the concentration (e.g., from 10% to 20% of Ai2O3), the higher the availability at the last flashing chamber. However, the availability is progressively reduced at the last flashing chamber. Finally, the predicted results compare well with experimental data published in the literature.

Raised Floor Computer Data Center: Effect on Rack Inlet Temperatures When Adjacent Racks Are Removed

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Schmidt ◽  
Ethan Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Data Center ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Computer Data ◽  
Center Effect ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Baseline Case ◽  
Finite Control

This paper focuses on the effect on inlet rack air temperatures when adjacent racks are removed. Only the above floor (raised floor) flow and temperature distributions were analyzed for various air flowrates exhausting from the perforated tiles and the rack. A Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model was generated for the room with electronic equipment installed on a raised floor with particular focus on the effects on rack inlet temperatures of these high powered racks. The baseline case was with forty racks of data processing (DP) equipment arranged in rows in a data center cooled by chilled air exhausting from perforated floor tiles. The chilled air was provided by four A/C units placed inside a room 12.1 m wide × 13.4 m long. Since the arrangement of the racks in the data center was symmetric only one-half of the data center was modeled. To see the effect of missing racks adjacent to high powered racks various configurations were analyzed. The numerical modeling was performed using a commercially available finite control volume computer code called Flotherm (Trademark of Flomerics, Inc.). The flow was modeled using the k-e turbulence model. Results are displayed to provide some guidance on the design and layout of a data center.

Turbulent Impinging Jets Into Permeable Media

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo J. S. de Lemos ◽  
Daniel R. Graminho
Keyword(s):  
Control Volume ◽  
Numerical Technique ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Impinging Jets ◽  
Porous Substrate ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Permeable Media

Impinging jets are widely used in industry to modify local heat transfer coefficients. The addition of a porous substrate covering the surface contributes to better flow distribution, which favors many engineering applications. Motivated by that, this work shows numerical results for a turbulent jet impinging against a cylindrical enclosure with a porous substrate at the bottom. Macroscopic time-averaged equations for mass and momentum are obtained based on a concept called double decomposition, which considers spatial deviations and temporal fluctuations of flow properties. The numerical technique employed for discretizing the governing equations is the control volume method in conjunction with a boundary-fitted coordinate system. The SIMPLE algorithm is used to handle the pressure-velocity coupling. The influence of the cylinder height on the mean and statistical flow fields within the entire cavity is presented.

Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in the Micro-Nozzle

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longjian Li ◽  
Yihua Zhang ◽  
Wenzhi Cui ◽  
Tien-Chien Jen ◽  
Qinghua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Slip Model ◽  
Control Volume Method ◽  
Propulsion Performance ◽  
Micro Nozzle ◽  
Flow And Heat Transfer ◽  
Finite Control ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Volume Method

Micro-nozzle, based on the MEMS technology, has played an important role in orbit positioning, attitude adjusting and other applications of micro-satellites. The continuous no-slip model of two-dimensional compressible laminar flow in the micro-nozzle was proposed and solved numerically by finite control volume method. The flow and heat transfer in the micro-nozzle were computed under different conditions, including different inlet pressures, different inlet temperatures and different divergent angles. Flow field and effects of these conditions on the propulsion performance were analyzed. Finally, simulated solutions were compared and validated with the experimental results.

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