The Stiffest Wire

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Schulgasser
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Principal Axis ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Maximum Modulus ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Oriented Parallel ◽  
Individual Crystallite

We consider a polycrystal constituted from orthorhombic single crystals for which one particular principal axis of the crystallites is always oriented parallel to a particular direction; in the plane perpendicular to this direction the crystallites are randomly oriented. Bounds are found for the Young’s modulus in the axial direction. The lower bound on the Young’s modulus, which is realizable, is found to be that of the individual crystallite in the aligned direction. The upper bound determined is necessarily realizable when the single crystal elastic constants satisfy a certain condition. When this condition is not satisfied a bound is found; whether or not this bound is realizable must be examined using the specific elastic constants of the crystal being considered. For all physical examples considered the upper bound was indeed found to be realizable. Thus, generally speaking, a wire constituted as above, with the stiffest direction of the individual crystallites being along the wire, will have a higher Young’s modulus than the maximum modulus of the individual crystallites of which it is composed.

A dynamical method for the determination of Young's modulus by stretching

1928 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-279
Author(s):  
C. F. Sharman
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Static Deformation ◽  
Elastic Forces ◽  
Dynamical Method ◽  
Period Of Oscillation

There are two general methods of measuring the elastic constants of bodies; one involves a study of the static deformation produced by the appropriate kind of stress, and the other a measurement of the period of oscillation of a system of known inertia under the elastic forces.

Elastic constants of inflated lobes of dog lungs

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Lai-Fook ◽  
T. A. Wilson ◽  
R. E. Hyatt ◽  
J. R. Rodarte
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Modulus ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Poisson Ratio ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Volume Curve ◽  
Pressure Volume Curve ◽  
Indentation Tests

The elastic constants of dog lungs were determined at various degrees of inflation. In one set of experiments, the lobes were subjected to deformations that approximated the conditions of uniaxial loading. These data, together with the bulk modulus data obtained from the local slope of the pressure-volume curve, were used to determine the two elastic moduli that are needed to describe small nonuniform deformations about an initial state of uniform inflation. The bulk modulus was approximately 4 times the inflation pressure, and Young's modulus was approximately 1.5 times the inflation pressure. In a second set of experiments, lobes were subjected to indentation tests using cylindric punches 1–3 cm in diameter. The value for Young's modulus obtained from these data was slightly higher, approximately twice the inflation pressure. These experiments indicate that the lung is much more easily deformable in shear than in dilatation and that the Poisson ratio for the lung is high, approximately 0.43.

scholarly journals The Elastic Constants of the Single Crystal of the Mg-Zn-Zr-REM Alloy from the Data of the Elastic Anisotropy and the Texture of the Polycrystalline Sheet

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. V. San’kova ◽  
N. M. Shkatulyak ◽  
V. V. Usov ◽  
N. A. Volchok
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Elastic Anisotropy ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Alloy Sheet ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Integral Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Values

The measuring of the constants of single-crystals requires the availability of crystals of relatively big size. In this paper the elastic constants of the single crystals of magnesium alloy with zinc, zirconium, and rare earth metals (REM) were determined by means of the experimental anisotropy of Young’s modulus and integral characteristics of texture (ICT), which were found from pole figures. Using these constants the anisotropy of Young’s modulus of alloy sheet ZE10 was calculated. Deviation of calculated values from experimental values did not exceed 2%.

The Effect of Design Changes on Sound Transmission through a Building

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-185
Author(s):  
Robert J.M. Craik
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Sound Transmission ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Room Size ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Small Change ◽  
The Individual

A statistical energy analysis model of a building was used to assess the effect of design changes on sound transmission. Systematic changes were made to the material properties (density, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and internal loss factor) and to the dimensions (thickness and room size). These changes resulted in a redistribution of the energy throughout the building causing the noise level to go up in some rooms and to go down in others. For each case examined it was found that the effect of several changes could be estimated from the sum of the individual changes. Thus a change of 20% in the density resulted in approximately double the change in DnTw that was obtained from a 10% change in density. The same additive effect was also found to apply if more than one variable was changed at the same time. Thus the change in DnTw resulting from a small change in Young's modulus for the floors and a small change in the density of the walls can be estimated from the sum of the two individual effects. Changes to the thickness and density of the walls and floors have the greatest effect on sound transmission whilst changes to Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio have a much smaller effect. Damping can also have a significant effect on transmission particularly far from the source.

Calculation of the parameters of mechanical properties of the heart muscle

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
S. A. Muslov ◽  
◽  
A. I. Lotkov ◽  
S. D. Arutyunov ◽  
T. M. Albakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Two Parameter

A review of studies of the mechanical properties of human and animal heart tissues has been performed. Based on literature data, a form of approximating function is found for the dependence of the Young’s modulus of the ventricles of the human heart on the magnitude of the deformation. The average values of the Young’s modulus and other elastic constants were calculated and compared with the known experimental values. The coefficients C1 and C2 of the two-parameter hyperelastic myocardial Mooney-Rivlin model are calculated.

The Strain Dependence of Rubber Viscoelasticity. II. The Influence of Carbon Black

1962 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 918-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Linear Relations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Particles

Abstract In Part I of this series it was shown how variations in the dynamic Young's modulus with extension could be represented by linear relations for gum rubbers in the region of 0 to 100% extension. The present work uses a similar treatment to examine how the viscoelastic behavior of natural rubber within this extension region is affected by the incorporation of two carbon blacks of widely differing colloidal activity. One of these materials, MT black, consists substantially of spherical particles with a mean diameter of about 0.4 microns: electron microscopy of cut surfaces of the black-rubber compound showed that the individual particles were well-dispersed. The finer material, HAF black, has a mean particle diameter of about 0.04 microns but exists in the rubber compound in a flocculated condition with aggregates up to about 0.3 microns in diameter. The rubber containing the coarse, MT black yielded linear strain relations enabling a direct comparison to be made with the behavior of the gum: the HAF material did not give linear relations for either the dynamic or the equilibrium Young's modulus. To facilitate discussion of this behavior it is desirable to set out more explicitly than in Part I the model underlying the analysis.

scholarly journals Studies on Structure and Elasto-Mechanical Properties of Suvin Cotton Fibre

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-620
Author(s):  
V. V. Manju ◽  
S. Divakara ◽  
R. Somashekar
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Elastic Stiffness ◽  
Cotton Fibre ◽  
Least Square ◽  
3 Dimensional

The comprehensive elastic properties of Suvin cotton fibre have been estimated. The Linked Atom Least Square method (LALS) technique has been employed to compute the structural properties using the X-ray diffraction data. Using Treloar’s assumptions the elastic stiffness matrix |Cij| has been calculated, then by utilizing the Voigt theory the elastic constants like Young’s modulus (E), Bulk modulus (K), Shear modulus (G), Poisson’s ratio (ν) and linear compressibility (β) have been estimated. Further, the experimental results of elastic constants are obtained and compared with the computed results and a broad correlation between them has been observed. ELATE web application tool is used to obtain the 3-dimensional images of variation of elastic constants along their spatial axes. From these figures an attempt has been made to explain the anisotropic mechanical property with respect to directional dependent Young’s modulus (E) and Shear modulus properties (G).

Elastic Constants and Young'S modulus for Texturized Materials with Cubic and Hexagonal Symmetries

1987 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Borchi ◽  
S. de Gennaro ◽  
L. Lombardini ◽  
M. Zoli
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Young's Modulus

Comparing Mechanical Properties of Secondary Wall and Cell Corner Middle Lamella in Spruce Wood

IAWA Journal ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert Wimmer ◽  
Barry N. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Cell Corner

Mechanical characterizations of the S2 layers and the cell corner middle lamella in the axial direction were investigated in spruce wood, A mechanical properties microprobe capable of measuring hardness and Young's modulus on a spatially resolved basis similar to that of an electron beam microprobe was used. Hardness of the cell comer middle lamella was found to be almost as high as that of the secondary wall, but the Young's modulus of the cell corner middle lamella was 50% less than that of the S2' The S2 showed constant hardness over its range of Young's modulus, but the cell corner middle lamella exhibited a strong correlation (R2 = 0.55) between hardness and the Young's modulus. Further investigations are needed to directly combine chemical and micromechanical properties and also to investigate the mechanical effects of the high variability of cell corner middle lamella chemistry.

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