Parametric Study on the Operating Efficiencies of a Packed Bed for High-Temperature Sensible Heat Storage

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Adebiyi ◽  
E. C. Nsofor ◽  
W. G. Steele ◽  
A. A. Jalalzadeh-Azar
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Storage Media ◽  
Transient Conduction

A comprehensive computer model of a packed bed thermal energy storage system originally developed for storage media employing either sensible heat storage (SHS) materials or phase-change material (PCM), was validated for the sensible heat storage media using a rather extensive set of data obtained with a custom-made experimental facility for high-temperature energy storage. The model is for high-temperature storage and incorporates several features including (a) allowance for media property variations with temperature, (b) provisions for arbitrary initial conditions and time-dependent varying fluid inlet temperature to be set, (c) formulation for axial thermal dispersion effects in the bed, (d) modeling for intraparticle transient conduction in the storage medium, (e) provision for energy storage (or accumulation) in the fluid medium, (f) modeling for the transient conduction in the containment vessel wall, (g) energy recovery in two modes, one with flow direction parallel with that in the storage mode (cocurrent) and the other with flow in the opposite direction (countercurrent), and (h) computation of the first and second-law efficiencies. Parametric studies on the sensible heat storage system were carried out using the validated model to determine the effects of several of the design and operating parameters on the first and second-law efficiencies of the packed bed. Decisions on the thermodynamic optimum system design and operating parameters for the packed bed are based on the second-law evaluations made

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of a Thermochemical Reactor for High-Temperature Heat Storage via Carbonation-Calcination Based Cycles

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wild ◽  
Lorenz Lüönd ◽  
Aldo Steinfeld
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Temperature Swing ◽  
In Series ◽  
Mean Size

We report on the design of a modular, high-temperature thermochemical energy storage system based on endothermic-exothermic reversible gas-solid reactions for application in concentrated solar power and industrial thermal processes. It consists of an array of tubular reactors, each containing an annular packed bed subjected to radial flow, and integrated in series with a thermocline-based sensible thermal energy storage. The calcination-carbonation of limestone, CaCO3 ↔ CaO + CO2, is selected as the reversible thermochemical reaction for the experimental demonstration. Synthetized 4.2 mm-mean size agglomerates and 2 mm-mean size granules of CaO with 42 %wt sintering-inhibitor MgO support attained reaction extents of up to 84.0% for agglomerates and 31.9% for granules, and good cycling stability in pressure-swing and temperature-swing thermogravimetric runs. A lab-scale reactor prototype is fabricated and tested with both formulations for 80 consecutive carbonation-calcination cycles at ambient pressure using a temperature-swing mode between 830°C and 930°C. The reactor exhibited stable cyclic operation and low pressure drop, and yielded specific gravimetric and volumetric heat storage capacities of 866 kJ/kg and 322 MJ/m3 for agglomerates, respectively, and 450 kJ/kg and 134 MJ/m3 for granules, respectively.

scholarly journals Study of High-Temperature Sensible Heat Storage System. 2nd Report. Experimental Results and Effectiveness of Storage.

1991 ◽  
Vol 57 (541) ◽  
pp. 3232-3236
Author(s):  
Makio IWABUCHI ◽  
Tokuji MATSUO ◽  
Masahisa FUJIMOTO ◽  
Yoshio SHIMADA ◽  
Katsuhiko NARITA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Sensible Heat

Investigation of a High-Temperature Packed-Bed Sensible Heat Thermal Energy Storage System With Large-Sized Elements

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarada Kuravi ◽  
Jamie Trahan ◽  
Yogi Goswami ◽  
Chand Jotshi ◽  
Elias Stefanakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Sensible Heat

A high-temperature, sensible heat thermal energy storage (TES) system is designed for use in a central receiver concentrating solar power plant. Air is used as the heat transfer fluid and solid bricks made out of a high storage density material are used for storage. Experiments were performed using a laboratory-scale TES prototype system, and the results are presented. The air inlet temperature was varied between 300 °C to 600 °C, and the flow rate was varied from 50 cubic feet per minute (CFM) to 90 CFM. It was found that the charging time decreases with increase in mass flow rate. A 1D packed-bed model was used to simulate the thermal performance of the system and was validated with the experimental results. Unsteady 1D energy conservation equations were formulated for combined convection and conduction heat transfer and solved numerically for charging/discharging cycles. Appropriate heat transfer and pressure drop correlations from prior literature were identified. A parametric study was done by varying the bed dimensions, fluid flow rate, particle diameter, and porosity to evaluate the charging/discharging characteristics, overall thermal efficiency, and capacity ratio of the system.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Performance of Molten Salt Heat Storage System Used for Regulating Load and Supplying High Temperature Steam in Coal-Fired Cogeneration Power Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 01034
Author(s):  
Haihua Luo ◽  
Qiang Shen ◽  
Yunfei Chen ◽  
Shien Sun ◽  
Junguang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Entropy Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Second Law ◽  
High Temperature Steam

In order to accept more electricity from renewable energy, cogeneration power plants are considering to reduce electricity production, which affects the heat supply. Here we present a molten salt heat storage system for coal-fired cogeneration power plants, which can supply high temperature steam to users and decouple the heat and electricity production. The first and second law-based analytical models for the cycle and a real device are built. Two water input methods are taken into account. The results show that the high and low temperatures in the two molten salt tanks influence the design of the components and the entropy generation distribution significantly. The pinch temperature difference in the discharge duration limits the lowest molten salt temperature. The device with real heat exchangers produces higher entropy generation and lower second law efficiency. Environmental water input requires more heat and entropy generation for the same steam supply. Recommendations are provided for practical designs.

scholarly journals The Modelling and Experimental Validation of a Cryogenic Packed Bed Regenerator for Liquid Air Energy Storage Applications

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5155
Author(s):  
Robert Morgan ◽  
Christian Rota ◽  
Emily Pike-Wilson ◽  
Tim Gardhouse ◽  
Cian Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Storage Media

Electrical energy storage will play a key role in the transition to a low carbon energy network. Liquid air energy storage (LAES) is a thermal–mechanical energy storage technology that converts electricity to thermal energy. This energy is stored in three ways: as latent heat in a tank of liquid air, as warm sensible heat in a hot tank and as cold sensible heat in a packed bed regenerator (PBR), which is the focus of this paper. A PBR was selected because the temperature range (−196 °C to 10 °C) prohibits storage in liquid media, as most fluids will undergo a phase change over a near 200 °C temperature range. A change of phase in the storage media would result in exergy destruction and loss of efficiency of the LAES device. Gravel was selected as the storage media, as (a) many gravels are compatible with cryogenic temperatures and (b) the low cost of the material if it can be used with minimal pre-treatment. PBRs have been extensively studied and modelled such as the work by Schumann, described by Wilmott and later by White. However, these models have not been applied to and validated for a low temperature store using gravel. In the present research, a comprehensive modelling and experimental program was undertaken to produce a validated model of a low-temperature PBR. This included a study of the low-temperature properties of various candidate gravels, implementation of a modified Schumann model and validation using a laboratory scale packed bed regenerator. Two sizes of gravel at a range of flow rates were tested. Good agreement between the predicted and measured temperature fields in the PBR was achieved when a correlation factor was applied to account for short circuiting of the storage media through flow around the interface between the walls of the regenerator and storage media.

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