Axisymmetric Guided Wave Scattering by Cracks in Welded Steel Pipes

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Zhuang ◽  
A. H. Shah ◽  
S. K. Datta
Keyword(s):  
Wave Scattering ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Cylindrical Structures ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Cutoff Frequencies ◽  
Representation Techniques

Scattering of axisymmetric guided waves by cracks and weldments of anisotropic bonding material in welded steel pipes is investigated in this paper by a hybrid method employing finite element and modal representation techniques. The study is motivated by the need to develop a quantitative ultrasonic technique to distinguish flaws and bonding materials in welded cylindrical structures. Numerical results for reflection coefficients are presented for a steel pipe with cracks and V-shaped weldments with and without cracks at the interface between the weldment and the steel pipe. It is shown that as the frequency increases, the coefficients of reflection exhibit resonant peaks at the cutoff frequencies of higher guided modes. These peaks become increasingly pronounced as the slope and the length of the crack increase. Numerical results presented have important applications in quantitative nondestructive evaluation.

Guided Wave Propagation and Interaction with Damage in Tubular Structures

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
Ye Lu ◽  
Lin Ye ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Guang Meng
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Wave Scattering ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Tube Surface ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Active Sensor ◽  
Guided Wave Propagation ◽  
Rectangular Tube ◽  
Signal Correlation

A piezoelectric active sensor network is configured to collect the wave scattering from a throughthickness hole on an aluminium rectangular tube. It is found that guided waves are capable of propagating across the tube edges, while keeping the sensitivity to the damage even not on surfaces where the actuator and sensor are located. Signal correlation between the intact and damaged structure is evaluated and the probability distribution of damage is thus achieved on the unfolded tube surface.

scholarly journals Flow Estimation in a Steel Pipe Using Guided Waves

2016 ◽  
Vol 713 ◽  
pp. 329-333
Author(s):  
John Quiroga ◽  
Jabid Quiroga ◽  
Luis Mujica ◽  
Rodolfo Villamizar ◽  
Magda Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Laminar Flows ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Needle Valve ◽  
Longitudinal Waves ◽  
Flow Energy ◽  
Flow Rate Increase

In this investigation, a flow rate estimation guided wave based scheme in pipes is proposed. The effect of the fluid over the propagation of longitudinal waves has been experimentally studied by using several laminar flows of water transported by a steel pipe. Results have shown a decrease of the guided wave pattern repeatability and the signal energy as the flow rate increase as a result of the energy leakage from the pipe to the fluid. A Matlab® script is used to excite the PZT actuator via picoscope 2208 of Picotech®, the captured signal is acquired also by the picoscope and the data is processed in Matlab. The test bench utilized is composed by a 1” sch 40 A-106 pipe, a needle valve and a centrifugal pump provides the flow energy. A couple of PZTs are used in a picth-catch configuration to produce and capture the longitudinal waves along the cross section of the pipe

The Characterization of Guided Waves on Hollow Cylinder From Non-Axisymmetric End Loading

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longtao Li ◽  
Cunfu He ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Xiuyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Cylinder ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Ultrasonic Guided Waves ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Rapid Testing ◽  
Middle Point

Ultrasonic guided waves are used for the rapid testing of a steel pipe (O.D 70 mm, I.D 63 mm, 2544 mm long). The non-axisymmetric transducer ring (arc) is put on one end of the pipe to excite and receive the guided wave in the pipe. An artificial hole of 1 mm diameter can not be found by conventional axisymmetric end loading transducer. However, the non-axisymmetric transducer ring (arc), compared with the axisymmetric transducer ring, is very sensitive to the artificial hole when The middle point (MP) of the transducer arcs coincided with the center of the artificial hole on the cross section of the pipe. The results show that the non-axisymmetric end loading technology can locate the crack or defect on the pipe not only in the axial direction but also in the circumferential direction.

Acoustic Wave Propagation Simulation in Double-Layered Composite Cylindrical Structures

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jikai Du
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Layered Composite ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Ultrasound Wave ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Cylindrical Structures ◽  
Guided Wave Propagation

Ultrasound guided waves have been recognized as an effective tool for the rapid and long-range inspection of composite cylindrical structures, but its application is still limited due to the complex nature of guided waves and their interactions with material geometry and material properties. This paper uses finite element technique to simulate the ultrasound guided wave propagation in layered composite cylinders. Ultrasound guided wave propagation was analyzed in a double-layered cylinder composed of an anisotropic unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite layer wrapped on an isotropic aluminum cylinder. The carbon fiber orientation is either along the cylinder circumferential direction or axial direction. Ultrasound wave is excited from a PZT-4 transducer which is placed on the top of a Plexiglas wedge to adjust the ultrasound incident angle into the cylinder. Low ultrasound frequencies at 0.5 and 1.0 MHz were selected to improve the effect of attenuation and simulation efficiency. Wave propagation velocities and wave structures were analyzed at various positions of the cylinder. This study helped to examine the effect of fiber orientation on wave dispersion characteristics and to assess the feasibility of applying ultrasound guided wave technique for the evaluation of composite cylindrical structures.

An Online Monitoring Technique for Long-Term Operation Using Guided Waves Propagating in Steel Pipe

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Bertoncini ◽  
Mauro Cappelli ◽  
Francesco Cordella ◽  
Marco Raugi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Primary Circuit ◽  
Term Operation

Nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques are widely used as a reliable way for preventing failures and helping in the maintenance design and operation of critical infrastructures and complex industrial plants as nuclear power plants (NPPs). Among the NDT techniques, guided waves (GWs) are a very promising technology for such applications. GWs are structure-borne ultrasonic waves propagating along the structure confined and guided by its geometric boundaries. Testing using GWs is able to find defect locations through long-range screening using low-frequency waves (from 5 to 250 kHz). The technology is regularly used for pipe testing in the oil and gas industry. In the nuclear industry, regulators are working to standardize monitoring and inspection procedures. To use the technology inside an active plant, operators must solve issues like high temperatures (up to more than 300 °C inside a light-water reactor's primary piping), high wall thickness of components in the primary circuit, and characteristic defect typologies. Magnetostrictive sensors are expected to overcome such issues due to their physical properties, namely, robust constitution and simplicity. Recent experimental results have demonstrated that magnetostrictive transducers can withstand temperatures close to 300 °C. In this paper, the GW technology will be introduced in the context of NPPs. Some experimental tests conducted using such a methodology for steel pipe having a complex structure will be described, and open issues related to high-temperature guided wave applications (e.g., wave velocity or amplitude fluctuations during propagation in variable temperature components) will be discussed.

Scattering of Guided Waves by Circumferential Cracks in Steel Pipes

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bai ◽  
A. H. Shah ◽  
N. Popplewell ◽  
S. K. Datta
Keyword(s):  
Wave Scattering ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Crack Depth ◽  
Scattering Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Transmission Coefficients

A novel numerical procedure is presented in this paper to study wave scattering problem by circumferential cracks in steel pipes. The study is motivated by the need to develop a quantitative ultrasonic technique to characterize properties of cracks in pipes. By employing wave function expansion in axial direction and decomposing the problem into a symmetry problem and an antisymmetry problem, a three-dimensional wave scattering problem is then reduced into two quasi-one-dimensional problems. This simplification greatly reduces the computational time. Numerical results for reflection and transmission coefficients of different incident wave modes are presented here for a steel pipe with cracks (may have arbitrary circumferential crack length and radial crack depth) and they are shown to agree quite closely with available but limited experimental data.

EMAT-Based Inspection of Concrete-Filled Steel Pipes for Internal Voids and Inclusions

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Bae Na ◽  
Tribikram Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Guided Waves ◽  
Acoustic Method ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Acoustic Transducers ◽  
Bending Resistance ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Internal Volume ◽  
Electro Magnetic

Concrete-filled steel pipes have been used as piles for supporting civil and marine structures. These piles provide good bending resistance, and can be easily spliced for long depth installation. However, these piles are usually exposed in hostile environments such as seawater and deicing materials. Thus, the outside corrosion of the steel pipe can reduce the wall thickness and the corrosion-induced delamination of internal concrete can increase internal volume or pressure. In addition, the void that can possibly exist in the pipe reduces the bending resistance. To avoid structural failure due to this type of deterioration, appropriate inspection and repair techniques are to be developed. The acoustic method is attractive for this inspection since it is relatively simple and versatile. Especially, guided wave techniques have strong potentials for this inspection because of long-distance inspection capability. There are different transducer-coupling mechanisms available for the guided wave inspection techniques. Electro-magnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) give relatively consistent results in comparison to piezoelectric transducers since they do not need any couplant. EMATs are used for transmitting and receiving cylindrical guided waves through concrete-filled steel pipes. It is shown that EMAT-generated cylindrical guided wave techniques have good potential for the interface inspection of concrete-filled steel pipes.

Guided wave propagation in functionally graded cylindrical structures with sector cross-sections

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Bo ◽  
Yu Jiangong ◽  
Jean-Etienne Lefebvre ◽  
Xu Weijiang ◽  
Zhang Xiaoming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Cylindrical Structures ◽  
Angular Measure ◽  
Wave Characteristics ◽  
Ultrasonic Guided Wave ◽  
Phase Velocity Dispersion

The differential equations governing guided waves in functionally graded cylindrical structures with sector cross-sections are solved by introducing the double orthogonal polynomial series method into the cylindrical coordinate system, and the wave characteristics are subsequently investigated. The validity of the present method is confirmed by way of the comparison with available references, and the convergence is discussed. The corresponding phase velocity dispersion curves, displacement distributions and Poynting vectors are illustrated. The influences of the variation in the radius to thickness ratio, angular measure and gradient index on the guided wave characteristics are discussed, which can be used as significant guidance on ultrasonic guided wave non-destructive testing for functionally graded cylindrical structures with sector cross-sections.

Parallel Hybrid Algorithm for Three-Dimensional Elastic Wave Scattering in Steel Pipes

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mahmoud ◽  
A. H. Shah ◽  
N. Popplewell
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Elastic Wave ◽  
Wave Scattering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Inclined Crack ◽  
Element Mesh ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Element Discretization ◽  
Elastic Wave Scattering

A parallel computational algorithm that models three-dimensional elastic wave scattering in an infinite pipe is introduced. The algorithm combines two procedures: a Wave Function Expansion (WFE) and a Finite Element Discretization (FED). The WFE represents a flawless unbounded region while the FED idealizes a bounded region containing the defects. Unknown amplitudes in the WFE are determined by imposing continuity between the two regions; they are then used to calculate the reflection and transmission coefficients. The inversion of a large stiffness matrix resulting from the FED has been overcome in the current formulation by sub-structuring the finite element mesh. The algorithm is implemented in Fortran 90™ on a shared-memory, parallel computing platform using OpenMP™ directives. The algorithm is validated against available numerical and experimental results. Agreement with previous three-dimensional results for a radial crack in a steel pipe and a two-dimensional hybrid model of an axisymmetric cracked, welded steel pipe are shown to be excellent. New results are presented for an inclined crack in a steel pipe as well as for a non-axisymmetric cracked welded steel pipe.

scholarly journals Failure Analysis of Premature Corrosion of HF Seam-Welded Steel Pipe in Central Heating System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Tyrala ◽  
Bogdan Pawlowski
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Weld Line ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Bond Line ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Central Heating

AbstractPremature corrosion in the form of longitudinal cracking in a high-frequency (HF) induction seam-welded steel pipe occurred after just 24 months in service. The failed pipe was investigated to reveal the main cause of its failure, and the results of microstructural examinations (light optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry) suggest that the failure resulted from an HF induction welding process defect—a so-called cast weld, that is, a huge number of iron oxides in the weld line caused by insufficient ejection of the molten metal from the bond line.

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