Wear Resistance of Super Alloys at Elevated Temperatures

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Lawen ◽  
S. J. Calabrese ◽  
O. S. Dinc
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Aircraft Engines ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Sliding Wear Testing ◽  
Cobalt Base

This paper provides the results of an extensive sliding wear testing program to evaluate wear resistance of several material couples currently used for high temperature applications such as ground based gas turbines and aircraft engines. Nickel and cobalt base superalloys and iron base stainless steels were tested in different combinations, and their wear rates compared to determine optimal wear resistance. The results show that an alloy’s wear resistance is highly dependent on operating temperature and its coupling with another material. The influences of friction, hardness, and oxide formation on the alloy’s wear resistance are also presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Necklace-Type Distribution of SiC Particles on Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of As-Cast AZ91D/SiCp Composites

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Sun ◽  
Nannan Lu ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Xiaojun Wang ◽  
Xiaoshi Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Interface Bonding ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
The Matrix

In this study, the dry sliding wear behaviors of SiC particle reinforced AZ91D matrix composites fabricated by stirring casting method were systematically investigated. The SiC particles in as-cast composites exhibited typical necklace-type distribution, which caused the weak interface bonding between SiC particles and matrix in particle-segregated zones. During dry sliding at higher applied loads, SiC particles were easy to debond from the matrix, which accelerated the wear rates of the composites. While at the lower load of 10 N, the presence of SiC particles improved the wear resistance. Moreover, the necklace-type distribution became more evident with the decrease of particle sizes and the increase of SiC volume fractions. Larger particles had better interface bonding with the matrix, which could delay the transition of wear mechanism from oxidation to delamination. Therefore, composites reinforced by larger SiC particles exhibited higher wear resistance. Similarly, owing to more weak interfaces in the composites with high content of SiC particles, more severe delamination occurred and the wear resistance of the composites was impaired.

Improving the Wear Resistance of Aluminum Fly Ash Composites by Multipass Friction Stir Processing

2015 ◽  
Vol 642 ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shueiwan Henry Juang ◽  
Liang Jing Fan ◽  
Hsu Shuo Chang
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Friction Stir

In this study, the multi-pass friction stir processing (MP-FSP) technique was performed on ADC6 aluminum alloy + 5 wt% fly ash composite (A5FC) castings to increase their surface area. The dry sliding wear behaviors of the ADC6 alloy, A5FCs, and MP-FSPed A5FCs were evaluated. Dry sliding wear tests were performed using a ring-on-washer machine at a constant rotation speed of 100 rpm for 60 min, and the normal load was 10, 20, 30, and 40 N. The results showed that the MP-FSPed A5FCs had the lowest wear rates in the load range from 10 to 40 N, and adhesive wear was the major wear mechanism in these tests. The increased wear resistance was mainly due to grain refinement and elimination of casting defects after subjecting the ash composite to MP-FSP. The microstructure of the MP-FSPed A5FCs reveals that the sizes of the added raw fly ash particles decreased from micro-to nanoscale levels, and the nanoscale fly ash was uniformly dispersed in the aluminum matrix.

A Quantitative Study of the Carbon Black Reinforcement System for Tire Tread Compounds

1979 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Veith ◽  
V. E. Chirico
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Reinforcement System ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Carbon Blacks

Abstract This comprehensive program clearly shows the influence of the four defined reinforcement system variables. The tread wear testing conducted over an extremely wide severity range illustrates how the influence of each variable or factor changes as the tire use of test severity is changed. The quantitative influence of the four variables is best illustrated by the index severity gradient, while the index range serves as a quick indicator. The influence of each factor of the reinforcement system increases as general test severity is increased. Carbon blacks with high structure and surface area are substantially superior to blacks with normal structure and surface area at the higher test severities. At the higher general severities, increased oil content produces higher wear rates. At any given severity level, the rate of wear passes through a minimum as carbon black level is increased. The carbon black content at this minimum wear rate shifts to higher values as general severity is raised. Test results at a series of specific cornering force levels (0.10–0.30 g range) indicate that the relative wear of typical tread compounds demonstrates crossovers of index values. Compounds that show superior wear resistance compared to a reference compound at high cornering severities often show inferior wear resistance at low cornering severities. Therefore, for maximum tread life or wear resistance, the reinforcement system with any tread rubber or rubber blend must be carefully adjusted to the anticipated level of tire use severity. The introduction of improved-technology carbon blacks with increased rubber-black interaction that is promoted by high DBP and EMA levels is a substantial advancement in rubber materials science and is most important for the production of high-performance long-treadlife tires.

Wear-Resistant Properties of TiC/Fe Ceramic Composite Coating on Steel Plate via Combustion Synthesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 105-106 ◽  
pp. 435-437
Author(s):  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Shi Wei Yang ◽  
Ying Jie Qiao ◽  
Xing Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Ceramic Composite ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Contact Wear ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Sliding Wear Testing ◽  
Static Pressing

The highly dense TiC/Fe ceramic coating was fabricated on Q235 steel surface by self- propagating high-temperature synthesis combined with pseudo hot iso-static pressing. The wear-resistant properties were examined by means of ball-on-disk contact wear test. The microstructure of TiC/Fe cermets coating was investigated. The results show that TiC/Fe cermets coating has an excellent wear-resistant property. There is little mass loss after 1200s under 30N loading under the condition of dry sliding wear testing. The major wear mechanisms are described by the following stages: sticking friction, grain abrasion and stripping of hard phase.

Effect of Boron Carbide Addition on Wear Behaviour of Cobalt Based Hardfacings by Plasma Transferred Arc Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 3745-3750
Author(s):  
D.R.G. Achar ◽  
M. Kamaraj ◽  
C. S. Ganesh Bavisetty
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Boron Carbide ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Stellite 6 ◽  
Plasma Transferred Arc ◽  
Complex Carbides

Cobalt based alloy with the addition of 5 and 10 wt% boron carbide have been deposited by PTA process on stainless substrates effectively. The dry sliding wear performances of the coated alloys have been studied at room as well as at elevated temperatures. Addition of boron carbide to satellite 6 resulted in refinement of grains and formation of complex carbides and borides, which has lead to increase in hardness and wear resistance of the hardfaced layers. Superior wear resistance has been found to be at the composition of Stellite 6 with 5 wt% addition of boron carbide.

Tribological Studies of Ion-Implanted Steel Constituents Using an Oscillating Pin-on-Disk Wear Tester

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wei ◽  
P. J. Wilbur ◽  
W. S. Sampath ◽  
D. L. Williamson ◽  
Yi Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Wear Tests

Wear tests of ferrite (pure α-Fe) and austenite (AISI 304 stainless steel) implanted with nitrogen have been conducted using a unique oscillating pin-on-disk test machine. The results show that nitrogen implantation at elevated temperatures to high doses dramatically improves the adhesive wear resistance of ferrite and the critical load at which the wear mechanism changes from mild to severe adhesive wear for austenite. The wear resistance of nitrogen implanted ferrite is determined by the nitride formed. Ranked from most to least wear resistant the nitrides observed are γ’-Fe4N, ε-Fe3N, and ζ-Fe2N. No evidence of nitride break-up and attendant nitrogen migration during wear testing is found. Nitrogen does diffuse into both ferrite and austenite rapidly when they are implanted at an elevated temperature and this enhances their wear resistances.

Effects of SiC On the Microstructure, Densification, Hardness and Wear Performance of TiB2 Ceramic Matrix Composite Consolidated Via Spark Plasma Sintering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Dare Oguntuyi ◽  
Mxolisi Brendon Shongwe ◽  
Lerato Tshabalala ◽  
Oluwagbenga T. Johnson ◽  
Nicholus Malatji
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Mechanical Seals ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Sintering Additives

Abstract Monolithic TiB2 are known to have a good combination of densification and hardness which are sometimes useful but limited in application. However, their usage in service at elevated temperatures such as in power thermal plants, cutting tools, tribological purposes (cutting tools, mechanical seals, blast nozzles, and wheel dressing tools), etc leads to catastrophic failure. Hence, the introduction of sintering additives in the TiB2 matrix has a high influence on the improvement of its sinterability, and properties (fracture toughness, wear resistance etc.,) of the resulting composite needed to meets the requirement for various industrial applications. In this study, the influence of SiC as sintering additives on the microstructure, densification, hardness and wear performance of TiB2 ceramic was observed. Hence, TiB2, TiB2-10wt%SiC and TiB2-20wt%SiC were sintered at 1850 oC for 10 minutes under 50 MPa. The impacts of SiC on the TiB2 were observed to improve the microstructure correspondingly improving densification and mechanical properties, most especially with the composites with 20wt% SiC. Combined excellent densification, hardness and fracture toughness of 99.5%, 25.5 GPa, 4.5 MPa.m1/2 were achieved respectively for TiB2-20wt%SiC. Diverse in-situ phase and microstructural alterations were detected in the sintered composites, and it was discovered that the in-situ phase of TiC serves as the contributing factor to the enhanced features of the composites. Moreover, the coefficient of friction and wear performance outcomes of the synthesized composites described a decrease in the coefficient with an enhanced wear resistance via the increasing SiC particulate, although the application of the load from 10 N-20 N increased the wear rates.

Novel Wear Testing Apparatus to Investigate the Reciprocating Sliding Wear in Sheet Metal Forming at Elevated Temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 1158-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ghiotti ◽  
Stefania Bruschi ◽  
Francesco Sgarabotto ◽  
Francesco Medea
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Hot Stamping ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Reciprocating Sliding ◽  
Mechanical Cycling ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Reciprocating Sliding Wear

Hot stamping has gained increasing importance in the last years due to the introduction of High Strength Steels (HSS) to improve the strength-to-mass ratio of stamped components. Despite the advantages in terms of load decrease, springback reduction and increased formability, the elevated temperatures the tools are subjected to may determine severe thermal mechanical cycling, increased oxidation and wear, which influence the tools service life and the quality of the produced parts. In addition, the frictional behaviour is also changing with temperature, thus affecting the performance of the forming operation itself. In this paper a novel experimental apparatus suitable for reciprocating sliding wear tests at elevated temperatures is presented. It consists of a linear sliding guideway connected to an electrical actuator and equipped with a heating plate to heat metal sheets. A solid frame embeds a screw device used to apply normal load. Thermocouples placed both on the plate and on sheet sample are used to control temperature during the test. The machine is also equipped with two load cells to record the normal and the tamgential loads. The 22MnB5 high strength steel was chosen as reference material for the machine testing. The results showed the capability of the new equipment and the good stability of the mechanical and thermal condition during testing.

scholarly journals Effects of Cr and Nb Additions on Sliding Wear Behaviors of the FePSiB Coatings

Coatings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Yuan Feng ◽  
Jiangbo Cheng ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Xiubing Liang
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Dry Friction ◽  
Friction Surface ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Oxidation Wear ◽  
Nb Additions

The tribological properties of the FePSiB amorphous/nanocrystalline coatings with Cr and Nb additions were investigated in reciprocating mode against tungsten carbide friction coupling with different dry sliding conditions. The wear rates of the FePSiB-based coatings increase linearly with the normal load and sliding speed. The coatings with Cr and Nb promote the formation of successive and compact oxide film on friction surface, which decreases significantly wear rate of the coating. Nano-mechanical characterization done to map the correlation between the elastic properties and wear resistance. The main damage mechanisms of the FePSiB-based coatings under dry friction conditions are abrasion wear, delamination failure and oxidation wear.

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