Transient Turbulent Gaseous Fuel Jets for Diesel Engines

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip G. Hill ◽  
Patric Ouellette
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Compressible Flows ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Gaseous Fuel ◽  
Jet Injection ◽  
Penetration Distance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Jet Penetration ◽  
Species Diffusion

Existing data on transient turbulent jet injection in to large chambers demonstrates self-similar behavior under a wide range of conditions including compressibility, thermal and species diffusion, and nozzle under expansion. The Jet penetration distance well downstream of the virtual origin is proportional to the square root of the time and the fourth root of the ratio of nozzle exit momentum flow rate to chamber density. The constant of proportionality has been evaluated by invoking the concept of Turner that the flow can be modeled as a steady jet headed by a spherical vortex. Using incompressible transient jet observations to determine the asymptotically constant ratio of maximum jet width to penetration distance, and the steady jet entrainment results of Ricou and Spalding, it is shown that the penetration constant is 3 ± 0.1. This value is shown to hold for compressible flows also, with substantial thermal and species diffusion, and even with transient jets from highly under-expanded in which, as in diesel engine chambers with gaseous fuel injection, the jet is directed at a small angle to one wall of the chamber. In these tests, with under expanded nozzles. Observations of transient jet injection have been made in a chamber in which, as in diesel engine chambers with gaseous fuel injection, the jet is directed at a small angle to one wall of the chamber. In these tests, with under-expanded nozzles it was found that at high nozzle pressure ratios, depending on the jet injection angle, the jet penetration can be consistent with a penetration constant of 3. At low pressure ratios the presence of the wall noticeably retards the penetration of the jet.

Modelling of Spray–Swirl Interaction in Direct Injection Diesel Engine Combustion Chambers

1985 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
P S Mehta ◽  
A K Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Direct Injection Diesel Engine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Computation Scheme ◽  
Good Agreement

A mathematical model for predicting spray–swirl interaction in a direct injection diesel engine combustion chamber is developed using centre-line velocity vector/continuum approach. The model has three-dimensional features in fuel spray motion. The present model responds to the various air swirl, fuel injection and cylinder charge conditions. The predicted results are compared with the analytical and experimental data available from various sources in the two-dimensional case. Very good agreement is achieved over a wide range of data. The three-dimensional predictions are directly possible without any alteration in the computation scheme.

Paper 2: Similarity Considerations in Assessing Diesel Engine Fuel Spray Requirements

1965 ◽  
Vol 180 (14) ◽  
pp. 10-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Theoretical Expression ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Dimensionless Variables ◽  
Mixing Problem

A simplified dimensional analysis has been made of the fuel-air mixing problem in diesel engines. The dimensionless variables describing the mixing pattern have been expressed in terms of the dimensionless variables describing the engine and fuel injection conditions by means of explicit equations with numerical values for the constants. A wide range of such equations has been derived and tables of numerical values are given as examples, together with examples of engine air motion calculations for comparison. A theoretical expression for fuel-spray penetration into a cross-wind has been compared with a few experimental results. Engine smoke and specific consumption measurements have been plotted against the appropriate dimensionless variables in two instances. In both instances the response of the engine to the variables is quite different. It is believed that the wide range of methods of engine performance data analysis outlined in this paper will make a significant contribution to progress in understanding diesel engine combustion.

Multizone Phenomenological Modeling of Combustion and Emissions for Multiple-Injection Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engines

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Rajkumar ◽  
Shamit Bakshi ◽  
Pramod S Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Multiple Injection ◽  
Start Of Injection ◽  
Wide Range

Common rail direct injection (CRDI) system is a modern variant of direct injection diesel engine featuring higher fuel injection pressure and flexible injection scheduling which involves two or more pulses. Unlike a conventional diesel engine, the CRDI engine provides simultaneous reduction of oxides of nitrogen and smoke with an injection schedule that has optimized start of injection, fuel quantity in each injection pulse, and dwell periods between them. In this paper, the development of a multizone phenomenological model used for predicting combustion and emission characteristics of multiple injection in CRDI diesel engine is presented. The multizone spray configuration with their temperature and composition histories predicted on phenomenological spray growth and mixing considerations helps accurate prediction of engine combustion and emission (nitric oxide and soot) characteristics. The model predictions of combustion and emissions for multiple injection are validated with measured values over a wide range of speed and load conditions. The multizone and the two-zone model are compared and the reasons for better comparisons for the multizone model with experimental data are also explored.

A Phenomenological Model for Combustion and Emissions in Small Bore, High Speed, Direct Injection Diesel Engines

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Henein ◽  
I. P. Singh ◽  
L. Zhong ◽  
Y. Poonawala ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Phenomenological Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Wide Range

This paper introduces a phenomenological model for the fuel distribution, combustion, and emissions formation in the small bore, high speed direct injection diesel engine. A differentiation is made between the conditions in large bore and small bore diesel engines, particularly regarding the fuel impingement on the walls and the swirl and squish gas flow components. The model considers the fuel injected prior to the development of the flame, fuel injected in the flame, fuel deposited on the walls and the last part of the fuel delivered at the end of the injection process. The model is based on experimental results obtained in a single-cylinder, 4-valve, direct-injection, four-stroke-cycle, water-cooled, diesel engine equipped with a common rail fuel injection system. The engine is supercharged with heated shop air, and the exhaust back pressure is adjusted to simulate actual turbo-charged diesel engine conditions. The experiments covered a wide range of injection pressures, EGR rates, injection timings and swirl ratios. Correlations and 2-D maps are developed to show the effect of combinations of the above parameters on engine out emissions. Emphasis is made on the nitric oxide and soot measured in Bosch Smoke Units (BSU).

scholarly journals Efficiency of the Diesel engine fuelled with the advanced biofuel Bioxdiesel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Poprawski ◽  
Mieczysław Struś
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Wide Range

One way to reduce the negative impact of internal combustion engines on the environment is to use advanced biofuels, e.g. Bioxdiesel which is a mixture of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE), bioethanol and standard diesel, with vast majority of the content with biological origin. The FAEE are promising content of the Diesel-Biodiesel-Ethanol blends. The FAEE can be obtained from both vegetable, eg. rapeseed oil and animal fats, as well as waste fats. The article presents research results on the efficiency of a turbocharged Diesel engine equipped with a Common Rail fuel injection system which was powered by Bioxdiesel fuel and for comparison purposes also fed with standard fuel. The effects study showed that even with a lower calorific value of Bioxdiesel fuel when compared to that for the standard diesel, the overall engine efficiency obtained during the test results was comparable to the standard fuel. Due to the presence of oxygen in the particles of the biofuel, and thus more efficient combustion processes, for a wide range of the minor engine load, the fuel consumption of Bioxdiesel and Diesel fuels was comparable to each other, while at higher engine load the fuel consumption of Bioxdiesel was lower than that for the other fuel.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTICS OF DIESEL ENGINE REFRIGERATION ELEMENTS AND WAYS OF INCREASING TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kravets
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Wide Range

The reliability of automotive equipment is its ability to perform constructively laid down functions without additional labor and material costs to maintain an able-bodied condition for a long time. Due to the fact that the quality of automotive equipment is characterized by its reliability and performance, increasing the level of reliability is an urgent task at the present stage of development of the technical operation of agricultural equipment. In addition, increasing the reliability of automotive vehicles is a promising way to reduce production costs, since the operation of more reliable equipment requires less labor and material costs. In the restored FS, the stabilization of the initial parameters during operation depends on many technological factors. The main reasons are those that greatly affect the reliability and have a wide range of characteristics under repair conditions. Changes in the technical condition of diesel engines during operation have a great impact on the indicators of fuel efficiency and toxicity of exhaust gases, with the former accounting for half of the resource consumption in agriculture. In order to achieve the necessary environmental and economic performance indicators of an autotractor diesel engine, its characteristics and fuel supply parameters should be adjusted in accordance with the operation and operating mode of the engine. Such a solution will make it possible to change the required parameters and characteristics, thereby ensuring the required nature of the flow of such fuel supply processes as spraying, mixture formation and combustion in each mode of operation. For efficient fuel injection into a diesel cylinder, it is necessary to have a significant reserve of fuel pump performance. Accordingly, a decrease in productivity can lead to a decrease in the amount of cycle feed. Based on the determination of the fuel consumption in the low pressure line of the system, the following tasks can be solved: - assess the technical condition of the fuel system in operation; - to optimize the balance of fuel supply in the experimental FS of the accumulating type and thereby reduce the power consumption for the operation of the system.

Physically-Based Volumetric Efficiency Model for Diesel Engines Utilizing Variable Intake Valve Actuation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyle Kocher ◽  
Ed Koeberlein ◽  
D. G. Van Alstine ◽  
Karla Stricker ◽  
Greg Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Volumetric Efficiency ◽  
Intake Valve ◽  
Valve Timing ◽  
Tuning Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Valve Actuation

Advanced diesel engine architectures employing flexible valve trains enable emissions reductions and fuel economy improvements. Flexibility in the valve train allows engine designers to optimize the gas exchange process in a manner similar to how common rail fuel injection systems enable optimization of the fuel injection process. Modulating valve timings directly impacts the volumetric efficiency of the engine. In fact, the control authority of valve timing modulation over volumetric efficiency is three times larger than that due to any other engine actuator. Traditional empirical or regression-based models for volumetric efficiency, while suitable for conventional valve trains, are therefore challenged by flexible valve trains. The added complexity and additional empirical data needed for wide valve timing ranges limit the usefulness of these methods. A physically-based volumetric efficiency model was developed to address these challenges. The model captures the major physical processes occurring over the intake stroke, and is applicable to both conventional and flexible valve trains. The model inputs include temperature and pressure in the intake and exhaust manifolds, intake and exhaust valve timings, bore, stoke, connecting rod length, engine speed and effective compression ratio, ECR. The model is physically-based, requires no regression tuning parameters, is generalizable to other engine platforms, and has been experimentally validated using an advanced multi-cylinder diesel engine equipped with a flexible variable intake valve actuation system. Experimental data was collected over a wide range of the operating space of the engine and augmented with air handling actuator and intake valve timing sweeps to maximize the range of conditions used to thoroughly experimentally validate the model for a total of 217 total operating conditions. The physical model developed differs from previous physical modeling work through the novel application of ECR, incorporation of no tuning parameters and extensive validation on unique engine test bed with flexible intake valve actuation.

scholarly journals METHODS FOR ORGANIZATION OF WORKING PROCESS FOR GAS-DIESEL ENGINE

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-390
Author(s):  
G. A. Vershina ◽  
O. S. Bystrenkov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Gaseous Fuel ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Substitution Level

Over the past few decades reduction in pollutant emissions has become one of the main directions for further deve- lopment of engine technology. Solution of such problems has led to implementation of catalytic post-treatment systems, new technologies of fuel injection, technology for regulated phases of gas distribution, regulated turbocharger system and, lately, even system for variable compression ratio of engine. Usage of gaseous fuel, in particular gas-diesel process, may be one of the means to reduce air pollution caused by toxic substances and meet growing environmental standards and regulations. In this regard, an analysis of methods for organization of working process for a gas-diesel engine has been conducted in the paper. The paper describes parameters that influence on the nature of gas diesel process, it contains graphics of specific total heat consumption according to ignition portion of diesel fuel and dependence of gas-diesel indices on advance angle for igni-tion portion injection of the diesel fuel. A modern fuel system of gas-diesel engine ГД-243 has been demonstrated in the pa- per. The gas-diesel engine has better environmental characteristics than engines running on diesel fuel or gasoline. According to the European Natural & bio Gas Vehicle Association a significant reduction in emissions is reached at a 50%-substitution level of diesel fuel by gas fuel (methane) and in such a case there is a tendency towards even significant emission decrease. In order to ensure widespread application of gaseous fuel as fuel for gas-diesel process it is necessary to develop a new wor- king process, to improve fuel equipment, to enhance injection strategy and fuel supply control. A method for organization of working process for multi-fuel engine has been proposed on the basis of the performed analysis. An application has been submitted for a patent.

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