Design of An IC Engine Torque Estimator Using Unknown Input Observer

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wha Kim ◽  
Giorgio Rizzoni ◽  
Yue-Yun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Unknown Input ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The torque produced by each combustion in an engine is one of the most important indices tied to internal combustion engine performance. In this paper, an approach is investigated to estimate engine torque. Instead of employing expensive and delicate combustion pressure sensors to directly measure indicated pressure in each cylinder, unknown input observers are exploited to estimate cylinder indicated torque using one or more low-cost measurements of crankshaft angular position. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such torque estimators for multi-cylinder engines are presented in the paper; these include the number of angular position sensors required and their suggested placement. Model reduction issues and the number of measurements required to obtain an acceptable estimate are also considered. The approach is applied to a six-cylinder industrial diesel engine.

Ethers and esters as alternative fuels for internal combustion engine: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110464
Author(s):  
Yang Hua
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Ic Engine

Ether and ester fuels can work in the existing internal combustion (IC) engine with some important advantages. This work comprehensively reviews and summarizes the literatures on ether fuels represented by DME, DEE, DBE, DGM, and DMM, and ester fuels represented by DMC and biodiesel from three aspects of properties, production and engine application, so as to prove their feasibility and prospects as alternative fuels for compression ignition (CI) and spark ignition (SI) engines. These studies cover the effects of ether and ester fuels applied in the form of single fuel, mixed fuel, dual-fuel, and multi-fuel on engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics. The evaluation indexes mainly include torque, power, BTE, BSFC, ignition delay, heat release rate, pressure rise rate, combustion duration, exhaust gas temperature, CO, HC, NOx, PM, and smoke. The results show that ethers and esters have varying degrees of impact on engine performance, combustion and emissions. They can basically improve the thermal efficiency of the engine and reduce particulate emissions, but their effects on power, fuel consumption, combustion process, and CO, HC, and NOx emissions are uncertain, which is due to the coupling of operating conditions, fuel molecular structure, in-cylinder environment and application methods. By changing the injection strategy, adjusting the EGR rate, adopting a new combustion mode, adding improvers or synergizing multiple fuels, adverse effects can be avoided and the benefits of oxygenated fuel can be maximized. Finally, some challenges faced by alternative fuels and future research directions are analyzed.

scholarly journals Coating of diesel engine with new generation ceramic material to improve combustion and performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (Spec. issue 1) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Erdinc Vural ◽  
Serkan Ozel ◽  
Salih Ozer
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Bond Coat ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Engine Power

In this study, piston and valve surfaces of a Diesel engine to improve exhaust emis?sion and engine performance values, NiCr with bond coat and without bond coat with Cr2O3, Al2O3+13%TiO2, Cr2O3+25%Al2O3 coatings were coated using plasma spray method. By examining the micro-structures of the coating materials, it was observed that a good coating bond is formed. In this study, unlike other coating applications, two different and proportions of specific ceramic powders were coated on the combustion chamber elements, mounted on a Diesel engine, and their effects on engine performance and emissions were tested on the engine dynamometer. For this purpose, the internal combustion engine was operated at 1400, 1700, 2000, 2300, 2600, 2900, and 3200 rpm engine speeds and engine power, engine torque, in-cylinder pressure changes and heat release rate values were recorded. In this study, the that results were obtained by comparing thermal barrier coated engine with standard engine. An increase of 14.92% in maximum engine power, 12.35% in engine torque, 13% in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate by 4.5%, and brake thermal efficiency by 10.17% was detected, while brake specific fuel consumption decreased by 14.96%.

Development of a Methodology for Engine Performance Investigation Through Double Crankshaft Speed Measurement

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ponti ◽  
Vittorio Ravaglioli ◽  
Matteo De Cesare
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Engine Management System ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Combustion Control ◽  
Speed Measurement ◽  
Simultaneous Acquisition ◽  
Key Factor

Optimal combustion control has become a key factor in modern automotive applications to guarantee low engine out emissions and good driveability. To meet these goals, the engine management system has to guarantee an accurate control of torque delivered by the engine and optimal combustion phasing. Both quantities can be calculated through a proper processing of in-cylinder pressure signal. However, in-cylinder pressure on-board installation is still uncommon, mainly due to problems related to pressure sensors' reliability and cost. Consequently, the increasing request for combustion control optimization spawned a great amount of research in the development of remote combustion sensing methodologies, i.e., algorithms that allow extracting useful information about combustion effectiveness via low-cost sensors, such as crankshaft speed, accelerometers, or microphones. Based on the simultaneous acquisition of two crankshaft speed signals, this paper analyses the information that can be extracted about crankshaft's torsional behavior through a proper processing of the acquired signals. In particular, the correlations existing between such information and indicated quantities (torque delivered by the engine and combustion phasing) have been analyzed. In order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio, each speed measurement has been performed at an end of the crankshaft, i.e., in correspondence of the flywheel and the distribution wheel. The presented approach has been applied to a light-duty L4 diesel engine mounted in a test cell. Nevertheless, the methodology is general, and it can be applied to engines with a different number of cylinders, both compression ignition (CI) and spark ignition (SI).

Combined Effects of Variable Intake Manifold Length, Variable Valve Timing and Duration on the Performance of an Internal Combustion Engine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sawant ◽  
S. Bari
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Intake Valve ◽  
Valve Timing ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Speed Range

Naturally aspirated internal combustion (IC) engines with a fixed intake assembly are generally tuned to produce an induction boost at a single engine speed by capitalizing the induction pressure waves only over a narrow speed range. This paper investigates the individual and combined effects of varying intake runner length and intake valve timing on the performance parameters of an IC engine at engine speeds from 3000 rpm to 9000 rpm. The 1-D model of the KTM SI engine built for simulations in Ricardo Wave software is validated with 98% accuracy against experimental test results. The performance parameters thus obtained, as a combined effect, show an average improvement of 7.02% throughout the engine’s speed range. With the co-existence of variable length intake runners and variable intake valve opening timing, the required number of variations to boost the engine performance are found to be reduced making variable intake assembly more feasible.

New Design of a Low Cost Small Engine Dynamometer for Engine Testing

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 642-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Ammar Alfaiz ◽  
M. Tahir Musthafah ◽  
Abu Bakar Rosli ◽  
M. Shahir Ali ◽  
Abdul Muhaimin
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Gauge ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Engine Power

This paper discusses the design and development of a low cost small engine dynamometer for engine testing to measure engine performance i.e. power, torque and specific fuel consumption. The data and result were achieved by using a small hydraulic engine dynamometer with specific considerations and standard followed in order to have good engine dynamometer. Small engine was used by coupling it with the hydraulic pump that come with the control valve and pressure gauge. Control valve was set to build back pressure inside the pumping area. When the engine starts, the pressure gauge will give a reading which can be used to calculate the engine torque. By using the engine torque, engine power can be obtained by multiplying the angular speed with engine torque. Specific fuel consumption can be defined, by dividing the brake engine power with the fuel rate. From the experiment data, the brake power of the single cylinder engine showed that it is almost similar to the specification given by the manufacturer. The low cost hydraulic engine dynamometer, which is less than RM 15,000 can be used to measure an engine performance. The engine power, torque, engine speed and air fuel ratio data can be achieved from our developed engine dynamometer.

scholarly journals Study of a hybrid pneumatic-combustion engine under steady-state and transient conditions for transport application

2019 ◽  
pp. 146808741986032
Author(s):  
Yidong Fang ◽  
Yiji Lu ◽  
Xiaoli Yu ◽  
Lin Su ◽  
Zhipeng Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Mathematic Model ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Transient Performance ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Tank Pressure

In this study, a new form of hybrid pneumatic combustion engine based on compressed air injection boosting is proposed. The hybrid pneumatic combustion engine regenerates the wasted energy during engine brake to improve the engine performance achieving better fuel economy. The mathematic model of the hybrid pneumatic combustion engine including a supercharged engine and the compressed air tank has been established. The steady-state and transient performance of the engine are analysed. Results show that the air injection boosting system can effectively improve the steady-state performance. Under the speed of 1900 r/min and 100% load, the engine torque and power can be increased from 1039 N m, 206.9 kW to 1057 N m, 210 kW by adopting air injection boosting with the injection pressure of 0.5 MPa. Effects of air injection parameters are also studied, showing that better performance can be achieved under higher air tank pressure and larger injection hole diameter. In addition, a transient analysis is completed under the speed of 1100 r/min. The result shows that when air injection boosting is used, the responding time of the engine to an instant load increase can be potentially reduced from 5.5 to 3.5 s under the injection pressure and duration of 0.5 MPa and 3 s. Meanwhile, the tank pressure has limited influence on the transient performance of the engine.

Torque and Center of Combustion Evaluation Through a Torsional Model of the Powertrain

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ponti ◽  
Vittorio Ravaglioli ◽  
Matteo De Cesare ◽  
Federico Stola
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Harmonic Component ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Engine Management System ◽  
Combustion Control ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Speed Sensor

The continuous development of modern internal combustion engine (ICE) management systems is mainly aimed at combustion control improvement. Nowadays, performing an efficient combustion control is crucial for drivability improvement, efficiency increase (critical for spark ignited engines), and pollutant emissions reduction (critical in compression ignited engines). The most important quantities used for combustion control are engine load (indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) or torque delivered by the engine) and center of combustion, i.e., the angular position in which 50% of fuel burned within the engine cycle is reached. Both quantities can be directly evaluated starting from in-cylinder pressure measurement, which could be performed using the newly developed piezoresistive pressure sensors for on-board applications. However, the use of additional sensors would increase the cost of the whole engine management system. Due to these reasons, over the past years, a methodology that allows evaluating both engine load and the center of combustion with no extra cost has been developed. This approach is based on engine speed fluctuation measurement, which can be performed using the same speed sensor already mounted on-board. The methodology is general and can be applied to different engine–driveline systems with different architectures and combustion orders. Furthermore, it is compatible with on-board requirements, since the evaluation of only one specific harmonic component of interest is required (depending on the engine–driveline configuration under investigation). In order to clarify all the issues related to the application of the presented approach, it has been applied to some different engines, both compression ignited and spark ignited, taking also into account the case of combustion not evenly spaced. For all the analyzed configurations, the results obtained using the estimation algorithm seemed to be adequate to feedback a closed-loop methodology for optimal combustion control.

Development of a Methodology for Engine Performance Investigation Through Double Crankshaft Speed Measurement

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ponti ◽  
V. Ravaglioli ◽  
M. De Cesare
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Engine Management System ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Combustion Control ◽  
Speed Measurement ◽  
Simultaneous Acquisition ◽  
Key Factor

Optimal combustion control has become a key factor in modern automotive applications to guarantee low engine out emissions and good driveability. In order to meet these goals, the engine management system has to guarantee an accurate control of torque delivered by the engine and optimal combustion phasing. Both quantities can be calculated through a proper processing of in-cylinder pressure signal. However, in-cylinder pressure on-board installation is still uncommon, mainly due to problems related to pressure sensors’ reliability and cost. Consequently, over the last years, the increasing request for combustion control optimization spawned a great amount of research in the development of remote combustion sensing methodologies, i.e. algorithms that allow extracting useful information about combustion effectiveness via low cost sensors, such as crankshaft speed, accelerometers or microphones. Based on the simultaneous acquisition of two crankshaft speed signals, this paper analyses the information that can be extracted about crankshaft’s torsional behavior through a proper processing of the acquired signals. In particular, the correlations existing between such information and indicated quantities (torque delivered by the engine and combustion phasing) have been analysed. In order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio, each speed measurement has been performed at an end of the crankshaft, i.e. in correspondence of the flywheel and the distribution wheel. The presented approach has been applied to a light-duty L4 Diesel engine mounted in a test cell. Nevertheless, the methodology is general, and it can be applied to engines with a different number of cylinders, both CI and SI.

The extinction time of a general birth and death process with catastrophes

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Extinction Time ◽  
Birth And Death Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfyλ0= 0,λj> 0 for eachj> 0, and. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λj=jλ, µj=jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.

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