A Novel Approach to Enhance the Hydrogen Yield of Biomass Gasification Using CO2 Sorbent

2007 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhukar R. Mahishi ◽  
M. S. Sadrameli ◽  
Sanjay Vijayaraghavan ◽  
D. Y. Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Product Yield ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Equilibrium Constraints ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Product Gas ◽  
Co2 Sorbent ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Cost

Hydrogen yield of conventional biomass gasification is limited by chemical equilibrium constraints. A novel technique that has the potential to enhance the hydrogen yield by integrating the gasification and absorption reactions has been suggested. The method involves gasification of biomass in presence of a CO2 sorbent. Ethanol was used as the model biomass compound and CaO was the representative sorbent. Equilibrium modeling was used to determine the product gas composition and hydrogen yield. The analysis was done using ASPEN PLUS software (version 12.1) and the Gibbs energy minimization approach was followed. The effects of temperature, pressure, steam/ethanol ratio, and CaO/ethanol ratio on product yield were investigated. Three case studies were conducted to understand the effect of sorbent addition on the hydrogen yield. Thermodynamic studies showed that the use of sorbents has the potential to enhance the equilibrium hydrogen yield of conventional gasification by ∼19% and reduce the equilibrium CO2 content of product gas by 50.2%. It was also found that the thermodynamic efficiency of sorbent-enhanced gasification (72.1%) was higher than conventional gasification (62.9%). Sorbent-enhanced gasification is a promising technology with a potential to improve the yield and lower the cost of hydrogen production.

Hydrogen Production From Ethanol: A Thermodynamic Analysis of a Novel Sorbent Enhanced Gasification Process

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhukar R. Mahishi ◽  
Mojtaba S. Sadrameli ◽  
Sanjay Vijayaraghavan ◽  
Dharendra Y. Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Equilibrium Modeling ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Product Gas ◽  
Co2 Sorbent ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Minimization Approach

A novel biomass hydrogen production technique by integrating gasification and absorption reactions has been suggested. The method involves gasification of biomass in presence of a CO2 sorbent. Ethanol was used as the model biomass compound and CaO was the representative sorbent. Equilibrium modeling was used to determine the product gas composition and hydrogen yield. The analysis was done using ASPEN PLUS software (version 12.1) and Gibbs energy minimization approach was followed. The effects of temperature, pressure, steam/ethanol ratio and CaO/ethanol ratio on product yield were investigated. Three case studies were conducted to understand the effect of sorbent addition on hydrogen yield. Finally a simple energy analysis was carried out to determine the energy consumption and efficiency of sorbent enhanced ethanol gasification.

Technical and Economic Evaluation of Hydrogen Production by Biomass Gasification in Supercritical Water and in Air-Steam Media

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 267-270
Author(s):  
Sheng Wen ◽  
Shu Zhong Wang ◽  
Yan Hui Li ◽  
Yu Zhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Product Gas ◽  
Gasification Efficiency ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Process Product

Technical and economic conditions of hydrogen production by biomass gasification in supercritical water and in air-steam media have been evaluated. Reaction mechanism, technological process, product gas composition and operation costs of two processes were compared. Results indicate that biomass gasification in supercritical water has much more advantages than in air-steam medium, such as easier operation process, smaller machine area, high gasification efficiency, and less pollution, etc. There are no needs of biomass pretreatment and post-processing for product gas in supercritical water. Moreover, the proportions of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, methane are high, so these kinds of product gas all can be utilized. However, the cost of producing 1Nm3hydrogen in supercritical water is $0.6537, which is a little higher than $0.4228 in air-steam media. With the construction of more supercritical water unit and accumulation of more experience, hydrogen production by biomass gasification in supercritical water will have a more bright future.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Production by Fluidized Bed Reactors: A Quantitative Perspective Using the Supervised Machine Learning Approach

J ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-287
Author(s):  
Zheng Lian ◽  
Yixiao Wang ◽  
Xiyue Zhang ◽  
Abubakar Yusuf ◽  
Lord Famiyeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactors ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Carbon Conversion ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Operational Conditions

The current hydrogen generation technologies, especially biomass gasification using fluidized bed reactors (FBRs), were rigorously reviewed. There are involute operational parameters in a fluidized bed gasifier that determine the anticipated outcomes for hydrogen production purposes. However, limited reviews are present that link these parametric conditions with the corresponding performances based on experimental data collection. Using the constructed artificial neural networks (ANNs) as the supervised machine learning algorithm for data training, the operational parameters from 52 literature reports were utilized to perform both the qualitative and quantitative assessments of the performance, such as the hydrogen yield (HY), hydrogen content (HC) and carbon conversion efficiency (CCE). Seven types of operational parameters, including the steam-to-biomass ratio (SBR), equivalent ratio (ER), temperature, particle size of the feedstock, residence time, lower heating value (LHV) and carbon content (CC), were closely investigated. Six binary parameters have been identified to be statistically significant to the performance parameters (hydrogen yield (HY)), hydrogen content (HC) and carbon conversion efficiency (CCE)) by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimal operational conditions derived from the machine leaning were recommended according to the needs of the outcomes. This review may provide helpful insights for researchers to comprehensively consider the operational conditions in order to achieve high hydrogen production using fluidized bed reactors during biomass gasification.

Localization Approach of Damage in Welded Joint Based on Acoustic Emission Beamforming

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denghong Xiao ◽  
Tian He ◽  
Xiandong Liu ◽  
Yingchun Shan
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Line Array ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Localization Approach ◽  
Ae Signals

A novel approach of locating damage in welded joints is proposed based on acoustic emission (AE) beamforming, which is particularly applicable to complex plate-like structures. First, five AE sensors used to obtain AE signals generated from damage are distributed on the surface of the structure in a uniform line array. Then the beamforming method is adopted to detect the weld joints in the area of interest rather than all the points of the whole structure, and to determine the location and obtain information of AE sources. In order to study the ability of the proposed method more comprehensively, a rectangular steel tube with welded joints is taken for the pencil-lead-broken test. The localization results indicate that the proposed localization approach can effectively localize the failure welded joints. This improvement greatly reduces the cost of computation and also improves the efficiency of localization work compared with the traditional beamforming.

scholarly journals Privacy-preserving energy storage sharing with blockchain and secure multi-party computation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-50
Author(s):  
Nan Wang ◽  
Sid Chi-Kin Chau ◽  
Yue Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Third Party ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Significant Cost Reduction ◽  
The Cost

Energy storage provides an effective way of shifting temporal energy demands and supplies, which enables significant cost reduction under time-of-use energy pricing plans. Despite its promising benefits, the cost of present energy storage remains expensive, presenting a major obstacle to practical deployment. A more viable solution to improve the cost-effectiveness is by sharing energy storage, such as community sharing, cloud energy storage and peer-to-peer sharing. However, revealing private energy demand data to an external energy storage operator may compromise user privacy, and is susceptible to data misuses and breaches. In this paper, we explore a novel approach to support energy storage sharing with privacy protection, based on privacy-preserving blockchain and secure multi-party computation. We present an integrated solution to enable privacy-preserving energy storage sharing, such that energy storage service scheduling and cost-sharing can be attained without the knowledge of individual users' demands. It also supports auditing and verification by the grid operator via blockchain. Furthermore, our privacy-preserving solution can safeguard against a majority of dishonest users, who may collude in cheating, without requiring a trusted third-party. We implemented our solution as a smart contract on real-world Ethereum blockchain platform, and provided empirical evaluation in this paper 1 .

scholarly journals Hydrogen rich product gas from air-steam gasification of Indian biomasses with waste engine oil as binder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Sharma ◽  
Bhupendra Gupta ◽  
Mukesh Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Waste Engine Oil ◽  
Product Gas ◽  
Biomass Ratio

Abstract Present study concerns with the production of H2 rich product gas by thermochemical energy conversion having biomass gasification as a route for the four biomasses i.e., Kasai Saw Dust, Lemon Grass, Wheat Straw and Pigeon Pea Seed Coat. The biomasses are from the family of woody biomass, grasses, agricultural waste and food process industry wastes. Waste engine oil as an additive is used, which also acts as a binder. Air gasification and Air-steam gasification is applied and compared for product gas composition, hydrogen yield and other performance parameters like lower heating value, energy yield. Product gas constituents, hydrogen production is examined with different steam to biomass ratio (S/B ratio) and equivalence ratio. The equivalence ratio varies from 0.20–0.40 and the steam to biomass ratio varies between 0–4. The waster engine oil is mixed with the biomasses with different percentage of 5 and 10 wt%. For enhancement of feedstock quality palletization process is applied. The H2 yield is greatly affected by the equivalence ratio. Results show maximum H2 production and higher calorific value of product gas at an air to fuel of 0.26 for all the biomass pallets. Also, the S/B ratio observed as important aspect for hydrogen enrichment. Hydrogen yield is maximum at 2.4 steam to biomass ratio. This study considers the rarely studied Indian biomasses with waste engine oil as an additive for hydrogen-rich product gas production and will be beneficial for small scale hydrogen-rich syngas production considering the central Indian region originated biomasses. Statement of Novelty (SON): Research work belongs to eco-friendly use of rarely studied Indian biomass pallets. Equivalence air to fuel ratio (E/R ratio), steam to biomass ratio (S/B ratio) and waste engine oil as additive have been considered to upgrade H2 content and Calorific Value (CV) of the product gas. Novelty of work include use of waste engine oil as additive to make biomass pallets.

scholarly journals An Efficient Probability Estimation Decision Tree Postprocessing Method for Mining Optimal Profitable Knowledge for Enterprises with Multi-Class Customers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (64) ◽  
pp. 63-84
Author(s):  
JanapatyI Naga Muneiah ◽  
Ch D V SubbaRao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Probability Estimation ◽  
Automatic Extraction ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
Computational Performance ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Phone Service ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Service Data

Enterprises often classify their customers based on the degree of profitability in decreasing order like C1, C2, ..., Cn. Generally, customers representing class Cn are zero profitable since they migrate to the competitor. They are called as attritors (or churners) and are the prime reason for the huge losses of the enterprises. Nevertheless, customers of other intermediary classes are reluctant and offer an insignificant amount of profits in different degrees and lead to uncertainty. Various data mining models like decision trees, etc., which are built using the customers’ profiles, are limited to classifying the customers as attritors or non-attritors only and not providing profitable actionable knowledge. In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm for the automatic extraction of profit-maximizing knowledge for business applications with multi-class customers by postprocessing the probability estimation decision tree (PET). When the PET predicts a customer as belonging  to any of the lesser profitable classes, then, our algorithm suggests the cost-sensitive actions to change her/him to a maximum possible higher profitable status. In the proposed novel approach, the PET is represented in the compressed form as a Bit patterns matrix and the postprocessing task is performed on the bit patterns by applying the bitwise AND operations. The computational performance of the proposed method is strong due to the employment of effective data structures. Substantial experiments conducted on UCI datasets, real Mobile phone service data and other benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed method remarkably outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.

scholarly journals Application Layer Packet Processing Using PISA Switches

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8010
Author(s):  
Ismail Butun ◽  
Yusuf Tuncel ◽  
Kasim Oztoprak
Keyword(s):  
Streaming Data ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Application Layer ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Switch Architecture ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Data Processor ◽  
Application Identification ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Telecommunication Operators

This paper investigates and proposes a solution for Protocol Independent Switch Architecture (PISA) to process application layer data, enabling the inspection of application content. PISA is a novel approach in networking where the switch does not run any embedded binary code but rather an interpreted code written in a domain-specific language. The main motivation behind this approach is that telecommunication operators do not want to be locked in by a vendor for any type of networking equipment, develop their own networking code in a hardware environment that is not governed by a single equipment manufacturer. This approach also eases the modeling of equipment in a simulation environment as all of the components of a hardware switch run the same compatible code in a software modeled switch. The novel techniques in this paper exploit the main functions of a programmable switch and combine the streaming data processor to create the desired effect from a telecommunication operator perspective to lower the costs and govern the network in a comprehensive manner. The results indicate that the proposed solution using PISA switches enables application visibility in an outstanding performance. This ability helps the operators to remove a fundamental gap between flexibility and scalability by making the best use of limited compute resources in application identification and the response to them. The experimental study indicates that, without any optimization, the proposed solution increases the performance of application identification systems 5.5 to 47.0 times. This study promises that DPI, NGFW (Next-Generation Firewall), and such application layer systems which have quite high costs per unit traffic volume and could not scale to a Tbps level, can be combined with PISA to overcome the cost and scalability issues.

RESEARCH OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF TWO-CHAMBER PULSE DEVICES FOR STAMPING

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
А.Ю. Боташев ◽  
А.А. Мусаев
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Carrier ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Sheet Stamping ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
The Cost

Одной из разновидностей устройств, осуществляющих импульсные методы обработки давлением, являются двухкамерные устройства для листовой штамповки, использующие в качестве энергоносителя газовоздушные топливные смеси. Подача сжатого воздуха в камеру сгорания в рассматриваемом двухкамерном устройстве для листовой штамповки осуществляется компрессором. Проведен анализ термодинамических процессов, протекающих в камере сгорания и рабочем цилиндре двухкамерного устройства для листовой штамповки. При этом установлено, что энергия, затрачиваемая на работу компрессора, составляет около 45% от энергии, выделяющейся в камере сгорания. Получена зависимость для определения термодинамического КПД двухкамерных устройств для листовой штамповки, величина его составляет около 0,25. Установлено, что энергоэффективность двухкамерных устройств не уступает энергоэффективности традиционного штамповочного оборудования, при этом затраты на энергоносители двухкамерных устройств ниже за счет использования дешевого энергоносителя. В двухкамерном штамповочном устройстве для листовой штамповки электрическая энергия, используемая на работу компрессора, составляет менее 1/3 общей потребляемой энергии устройства. Поэтому при прочих равных условиях расходы на энергоносители будут значительно меньше, чем в штамповочном оборудовании, работающем на электрическом токе One of the types of devices that carry out pulse methods of pressure treatment are two-chamber devices for sheet stamping, using gas-air fuel mixtures as an energy carrier. The supply of compressed air to the combustion chamber in the considered two-chamber device for sheet stamping is carried out by a compressor. We carried out the analysis of thermodynamic processes taking place in the combustion chamber and the working cylinder of a two-chamber device for sheet stamping. We found that the energy spent on the operation of the compressor is about 45% of the energy released in the combustion chamber. We obtained the dependence for determining the thermodynamic efficiency of two-chamber devices for sheet stamping; its value is about 0.25. We established that the energy efficiency of two-chamber devices is not inferior to the energy efficiency of traditional stamping equipment, while the energy costs of two-chamber devices are lower due to the use of a cheap energy carrier. In a two-chamber die-forging device for sheet metal stamping, the electrical energy used to operate the compressor is less than 1/3 of the total energy consumption of the device. Therefore, all other things being equal, the cost of energy carriers will be significantly less than in stamping equipment operating on electric current

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