Performance Evaluation of a Gas Turbine Operating Noncontinuously with its Inlet Air Cooled Through an Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Behafarid ◽  
Mehdi N. Bahadori
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Cooling Methods

The power output of gas turbines (GT) reduces greatly with the increase of the inlet air temperature. This is a serious problem because gas turbines have been used traditionally to provide electricity during the peak power demands, and the peak power demands in many areas occur on summer afternoons. An aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) was employed for cooling of the inlet air of the GT. Water from a confined aquifer was cooled in winter and was injected back into the aquifer. The stored chilled water was withdrawn in summer to cool the GT inlet air. The heated water was then injected back into the aquifer. A 20MW GT power plant with 6 and 12h of operation per day, along with a two-well aquifer, was considered for analysis. The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the GT performance improvement. The conventional inlet air cooling methods such as evaporative cooling, fogging and absorption refrigeration were studied and compared with the ATES system. It was shown that for 6h of operation per day, the power output and efficiency of the GT on the warmest day of the year could be increased from 16.5 to 19.7MW and from 31.8% to 34.2%, respectively. The performance of the ATES system was the best among the cooling methods considered on the warmest day of the year. The use of ATES is a viable option for the increase of gas turbines power output and efficiency, provided that suitable confined aquifers are available at their sites. Air cooling in ATES is not dependent on the wet-bulb temperature and therefore can be used in humid areas. This system can also be used in combined cycle power plants.

Cooling of Gas Turbines Inlet Air Through Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi N. Bahadori ◽  
Farhad Behafarid
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Confined Aquifer ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
The Mean

The power output of gas turbines reduces greatly with the increase of inlet air temperature. Aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) is employed for cooling of the inlet air of a gas turbine. Water from a confined aquifer is cooled in winter, and is injected back into the aquifer. The stored chilled water is withdrawn in summer to cool the gas turbine inlet air. The heated water is then injected back into the aquifer. A 20 MW Hitachi gas turbine, along with a two-well aquifer were considered for analysis. It was shown that the minimum power output of the gas turbine on the warmest day of the year could be raised from 16.30 to 20.05 MW, and the mean annual power output could be increased from 19.1 to 20.1 MW, and the efficiency from 32.52% to 34.54% on the warmest day of the year and the mean annual efficiency from 33.88% to 34.52%. The use of ATES is a viable option for the increase of gas turbines power output, provided that suitable confined aquifers are available at their sites.

Inlet Air Cooling Methods for Gas Turbine Based Power Plants

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kakaras ◽  
A. Doukelis ◽  
A. Prelipceanu ◽  
S. Karellas
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Cooling Methods

Power generation from gas turbines is penalised by a substantial power output loss with increased ambient temperature. By cooling down the gas turbine intake air, the power output penalty can be mitigated. The purpose of this paper is to review the state of the art in applications for reducing the gas turbine intake air temperature and examine the merits from integration of the different air-cooling methods in gas turbine based power plants. Three different intake air-cooling methods (evaporative cooling, refrigeration cooling and evaporative cooling of pre-compressed air) have been applied in two combined cycle power plants and two gas turbine plants. The calculations were performed on a yearly basis of operation, taking into account the time-varying climatic conditions. The economics from integration of the different cooling systems were calculated and compared.

Combined Cycle Gas Turbines With Electrically-Heated Thermal Energy Storage for Dispatchable Zero-Carbon Electricity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Stack ◽  
Charles Forsberg
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Low Carbon

Abstract A low-carbon world needs a replacement for natural gas-fired power to provide variable heat and electricity. The coupling of simple or combined cycle gas turbines (CCGTs) with advanced electrically-heated thermal energy storage (E-TES) systems is an alternative approach to energy storage with cost advantages over batteries or hydrogen production. CCGTs with E-TES may use stored low-value electricity to run the power cycle in place of fossil fuels. This (1) saves money for the power plants by allowing them to switch heat sources based on price, and (2) reduces carbon emissions by making use of otherwise curtailed renewable energy. The development of electrically conductive firebricks enables temperatures approaching 2000°C, hotter than existing E-TES options, sufficient to run CCGTs. Levelized cost of storage (LCOS) calculations show that the use of CCGTs with novel E-TES increases the cost of energy by less than a factor of 2, compared to a factor of 9 increase when using lithium-ion batteries. Unlike batteries, the CCGT with E-TES, provides assured generating capacity by normal operation of the gas turbine. A case study of CCGT coupled with E-TES is included based on 2019 electricity prices in Southern California, which showed an 18% reduction in fuel consumption and $11M savings based purely on the arbitrage case. The arbitrage case is expected to improve dramatically over the decade as deployment of renewable energy in California increases.

Thermal Energy Storage and Inlet Air Cooling for Combined Cycle

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Ebeling ◽  
Robert Balsbaugh ◽  
Steven Blanchard ◽  
Lawrence Beaty
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Generation Plant ◽  
Cooling Coils ◽  
Ice Production ◽  
And Storage

The paper will discuss the application of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) using ice and inlet air cooling at the Fayetteville (North Carolina, USA) Public Works Commission (PWC) Butler-Warner Generation Plant. The Butler-Warner Generating Plant consists of eight General Electric Frame 5 combustion turbines and a single steam turbine. Six of the combustion turbines exhaust through three Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG). The project consisted of modifying the inlets of all eight combustion turbines to accommodate plate fin cooling coils and new air filters; and the design and construction of the TES ice production and storage facilities. A feasibility study was completed in June 1992. Detail designed began in August 1992. Initial operation was June 1993. The modifications have been completed and the plant has experienced a 29% capacity increase as a result of the project.

scholarly journals Thermal Energy Storage For Gas Turbine Power Augmentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 592-608
Author(s):  
Vasilis Gkoutzamanis ◽  
Anastasia Chatziangelidou ◽  
Theofilos Efstathiadis ◽  
Anestis Kalfas ◽  
Alberto Traverso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Conventional Cooling

This work is concerned with the investigation of thermal energy storage (TES) in relation to gas turbine inlet air cooling. The utilization of such techniques in simple gas turbine or combined cycle plants leads to improvement of flexibility and overall performance. Its scope is to review the various methods used to provide gas turbine power augmentation through inlet cooling and focus on the rising opportunities when these are combined with thermal energy storage. The results show that there is great potential in such systems due to their capability to provide intake conditioning of the gas turbine, decoupled from the ambient conditions. Moreover, latent heat TES have the strongest potential (compared to sensible heat TES) towards integrated inlet conditioning systems, making them a comparable solution to the more conventional cooling methods and uniquely suitable for energy production applications where stabilization of GT air inlet temperature is a requisite. Considering the system’s thermophysical, environmental and economic characteristics, employing TES leads to more than 10% power augmentation.

scholarly journals Flexible Electricity Dispatch of an Integrated Solar Combined Cycle through Thermal Energy Storage and Hydrogen Production

Thermo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-121
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Reyes-Belmonte ◽  
Alejandra Ambrona-Bermúdez ◽  
Daniel Calvo-Blázquez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Demand Curves ◽  
Hydrogen Plant ◽  
Demand Coverage

In this work, the flexible operation of an Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) power plant has been optimized considering two different energy storage approaches. The objective of this proposal is to meet variable users’ grid demand for an extended period at the lowest cost of electricity. Medium temperature thermal energy storage (TES) and hydrogen generation configurations have been analyzed from a techno-economic point of view. Results found from annual solar plant performance indicate that molten salts storage solution is preferable based on the lower levelized cost of electricity (0.122 USD/kWh compared to 0.158 USD/kWh from the hydrogen generation case) due to the lower conversion efficiencies of hydrogen plant components. However, the hydrogen plant configuration exceeded, in terms of plant availability and grid demand coverage, as fewer design constraints resulted in a total demand coverage of 2155 h per year. It was also found that grid demand curves from industrial countries limit the deployment of medium-temperature TES systems coupled to ISCC power plants, since their typical demand curves are characterized by lower power demand around solar noon when solar radiation is higher. In such scenarios, the Brayton turbine design is constrained by noon grid demand, which limits the solar field and receiver thermal power design.

Environmental impacts of aquifer thermal energy storage investigated by field and laboratory experiments

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthijs Bonte ◽  
Boris M. Van Breukelen ◽  
Pieter J. Stuyfzand
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Field Investigations

Aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) uses groundwater to store energy for heating or cooling purposes in the built environment. This paper presents field and laboratory results aiming to elucidate the effects that ATES operation may have on chemical groundwater quality. Field data from an ATES site in the south of the Netherlands show that ATES results in chemical quality perturbations due to homogenisation of the initially present vertical water quality gradient. We tested this hypothesis by numerical modelling of groundwater flow and coupled SO4 transport during extraction and injection of groundwater by the ATES system. The modelling results confirm that extracting groundwater from an aquifer with a natural quality stratification, mixing this water in the ATES system, and subsequent injection in the second ATES well can adequately describe the observation data. This mixing effect masks any potential temperature effects in typical low temperature ATES systems (<25 °C) which was the reason to complement the field investigations with laboratory experiments focusing on temperature effects. The laboratory experiments indicated that temperature effects until 25 °C are limited; most interestingly was an increase in arsenic concentration. At 60 °C, carbonate precipitation, mobilisation of dissolved oxygen concentration, K and Li, and desorption of trace metals like As can occur.

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