Gas Turbine Fogging Technology: A State-of-the-Art Review—Part II: Overspray Fogging—Analytical and Experimental Aspects

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 454-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Bhargava ◽  
C. B. Meher-Homji ◽  
M. A. Chaker ◽  
M. Bianchi ◽  
F. Melino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Comprehensive Review

The strong influence of ambient temperature on the output and heat rate on a gas turbine has popularized the application of inlet fogging and overspray for power augmentation. One of the main advantages of overspray fogging is that it enhances power output as a result of decrease in compression work associated with the continuous evaporation of water within the compressor due to fog intercooling. A comprehensive review on the current understanding of the analytical and experimental aspects of overspray fogging technology as applied to gas turbines is presented in this paper.

Gas Turbine Fogging Technology — A State-of-the-Art Review: Part II — Overspray Fogging, Analytical and Experimental Aspects

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Bhargava ◽  
C. B. Meher-Homji ◽  
M. A. Chaker ◽  
M. Bianchi ◽  
F. Melino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Comprehensive Review

The strong influence of ambient temperature on the output and heat rate on a gas turbine has popularized the application of inlet fogging and overspray for power augmentation. One of the main advantages of overspray fogging is that it enhances power output as a result of decrease in compression work associated with the continuous evaporation of water within the compressor due to fog intercooling. A comprehensive review on the current understanding of the analytical and experimental aspects of overspray fogging technology as applied to gas turbines is presented in this paper.

HRSG Duct Firing Revisited

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Can Gülen
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant

Duct firing in the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) of a gas turbine combined cycle power plant is a commonly used method to increase output on hot summer days when gas turbine airflow and power output lapse significantly. The aim is to generate maximum possible power output when it is most needed (and, thus, more profitable) at the expense of power plant heat rate. In this paper, using fundamental thermodynamic arguments and detailed heat and mass balance simulations, it will be shown that, under certain boundary conditions, duct firing in the HRSG can be a facilitator of efficiency improvement as well. When combined with highly-efficient aeroderivative gas turbines with high cycle pressure ratios and concomitantly low exhaust temperatures, duct firing can be utilized for small but efficient combined cycle power plant designs as well as more efficient hot-day power augmentation. This opens the door to efficient and agile fossil fuel-fired power generation opportunities to support variable renewable generation.

Analysis of Operational Effects on Cooled H-Class Gas Turbines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selcuk Can Uysal ◽  
James B. Black
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Performance Parameters

Abstract During the operation of an industrial gas turbine, the engine deviates from its new condition performance because of several effects including dirt build-up, compressor fouling, material erosion, oxidation, corrosion, turbine blade burning or warping, thermal barrier coating (TBC) degradation, and turbine blade cooling channel clogging. Once these problems cause a significant impact on engine performance, maintenance actions are taken by the operators to restore the engine to new performance levels. It is important to quantify the impacts of these operational effects on the key engine performance parameters such as power output, heat rate and thermal efficiency for industrial gas turbines during the design phase. This information can be used to determine an engine maintenance schedule, which is directly related to maintenance costs during the anticipated operational time. A cooled gas turbine performance analysis model is used in this study to determine the impacts of the TBC degradation and compressor fouling on the engine performance by using three different H-Class gas turbine scenarios. The analytical tool that is used in this analysis is the Cooled Gas Turbine Model (CGTM) that was previously developed in MATLAB Simulink®. The CGTM evaluates the engine performance using operating conditions, polytropic efficiencies, material properties and cooling system information. To investigate the negative impacts on engine performance due to structural changes in TBC material, compressor fouling, and their combined effect, CGTM is used in this study for three different H-Class engine scenarios that have various compressor pressure ratios, turbine inlet temperatures, and power and thermal efficiency outputs; each determined to represent different classes of recent H-Class gas turbines. Experimental data on the changes in TBC performance are used as an input to the CGTM as a change in the TBC Biot number to observe the impacts on engine performance. The effect of compressor fouling is studied by changing the compressor discharge pressures and polytropic compressor efficiencies within the expected reduction ranges. The individual and combined effects of compressor fouling and TBC degradation are presented for the shaft power output, thermal efficiency and heat rate performance parameters. Possible improvements for the designers to reduce these impacts, and comparison of the reductions in engine performance parameters of the studied H-Class engine scenarios are also provided.

Aero-Thermodynamic Simulation of a Double-Shaft Industrial Evaporative Gas Turbine

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Camporeale ◽  
B. Fortunato
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Thermodynamic Simulation ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Design Performance ◽  
Water Rate ◽  
Advanced Cycles

A modeling study has been carried out in order to determine the behavior of evaporative industrial gas turbines power plants at part-load and for varying ambient temperature. On-design and off-design performance have been analyzed by means of a computational program developed for the analysis of advanced cycles. In order to verify the mathematical model and to evaluate the characteristics of up-to-date gas turbine technology, an industrial engine, presently available on the market, has been simulated. A double-shaft gas turbine for power generation has been considered. On-design performance and ratings vs. ambient temperature have been evaluated, with good accordance. It is assumed that, in order to realize a Recuperated Water Injected (RWI) cycle, the industrial gas turbine could be modified, maintaining substantially unchanged the compression system and modifying the turbine blades. The thermodynamic analysis of the cycle has been carried out in order to determine efficiency and power output as a function of the amount of water addition. The RWI cycle gas turbine has been designed and the characteristic maps of the two new turbines have been evaluated. The regulation is performed by means of the simultaneous manipulation of fuel flow rate, water rate, and position of the free turbine nozzle guide vanes (NGV). The regulation criteria, the interaction among the input variables, the safety of the operations (max. turbine inlet temperature, surge limits) and the optimization of the part-load efficiency, are examined and discussed. Ratings as a function of the ambient temperature are examined. The possibility to manipulate the water rate and the position of the NGV in order to provide high efficiency and power output, even on hot days, has been examined. The paper shows that maintaining constant the temperature at the power turbine exit, ratings decrease of 17% in power and 5% in efficiency.

Gas Turbine Fogging Technology: A State-of-the-Art Review—Part I: Inlet Evaporative Fogging—Analytical and Experimental Aspects

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Bhargava ◽  
C. B. Meher-Homji ◽  
M. A. Chaker ◽  
M. Bianchi ◽  
F. Melino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Experimental Findings

Ambient temperature strongly influences gas turbine power output causing a reduction of around 0.50% to 0.90% for every 1°C of temperature rise. There is also a significant increase in the gas turbine heat rate as the ambient temperature rises, resulting in an increased operating cost. As the increase in power demand is usually coincident with high ambient temperature, power augmentation during the hot part of the day becomes important for independent power producers, cogenerators, and electric utilities. Evaporative and overspray fogging are simple, proven, and cost effective approaches for recovering lost gas turbine performance. A comprehensive review of the current understanding of the analytical, experimental, and practical aspects including climatic and psychrometric aspects of high-pressure inlet evaporative fogging technology is provided. A discussion of analytical and experimental results relating to droplets dynamics, factors affecting droplets size, and inlet duct configuration effects on inlet evaporative fogging is covered in this paper. Characteristics of commonly used fogging nozzles are also described and experimental findings presented.

Application of Advanced Technology to In-Service Gas Turbines

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Al Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Technical Issues

This paper discusses the technical issues and business considerations involved in the application of advanced technology to gas turbine replacement parts. Today’s gas turbine owners are facing increased demands on their older machines in the areas of increased fuel efficiency, increased power output, and reduced operating costs. These demands can only be met through the use of superior replacement parts, which is made possible through the application of state-of-the-art technology. This technology is being made available for most turbine, combustion, and controls replacement parts.

Gas Turbine Power Augmentation Technologies: A Systematic Comparative Evaluation Approach

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bianchi ◽  
L. Branchini ◽  
A. De Pascale ◽  
F. Melino ◽  
A. Peretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Auxiliary Power

Increasing electric rates in peak demand period, especially during summer months, are forcing power producers to look for gas turbine power augmentation technologies (PATs). One of the major undesirable features of all the gas turbines is that their power output and fuel efficiency decreases with increase in the ambient temperature resulting in significant loss in revenues particularly during peak hours. This paper presents a systematic comparative evaluation approach for various gas turbine power augmentation technologies (PATs) available in the market. The application of the discussed approach has been demonstrated by considering two commonly used gas turbine designs, namely, heavy-duty industrial and aeroderivative. The following PATs have been evaluated: inlet evaporative, inlet chilling, high pressure fogging, overspray, humid air injection and steam injection. The main emphasis of this paper is to provide a detailed comparative thermodynamic analysis of the considered PATs including the main variables, such as ambient temperature and relative humidity, which influence their performance in terms of power boost, heat rate reduction and auxiliary power consumption.

Better Power Generation From Gas Turbine Along With Improved Heat Rate

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Patel ◽  
Vishnu Prajapati ◽  
Amit Modi
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
It Use ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
Media Type ◽  
Evaporative Cooler

Performance of a Gas Turbine is largely dependent on inlet air temperature. Gas Turbines are constant volume machines. At a given shaft speed they always move the same volume of air. But the power output of a turbine depends on the flow of mass through it. This is precisely the reason why on hot days, when air is less dense, power output falls off. A rise of one degree Centigrade temperature of Inlet air decreases the power output by 1% and at the same time heat rate of the turbine also goes up. This is a matter of great concern to power producers. Many techniques have been developed to cool Inlet air to Gas Turbine. Traditionally, Gas Turbine inlet air has been cooled by either mechanical chillers or media type evaporative coolers. It is also important to note that power consumption to cool inlet air is also of concern since it decreases the net power output of a Gas Turbine. In mechanical Chiller auxiliary power consumption is very high compared to media type evaporative coolers. Efficiency of evaporative cooler largely depends on moisture present in the air. Higher the moisture in the air lesser the advantage from it. Use of Geo exchange Systems can provide energy-efficient cooling by using underground pipes, filled with water solution because the underground temperature is quite low than ambient temperature and relatively constant round the year. Circulation of water in closed loop pipe system will extract heat from the inlet air to Gas Turbine and disperse the same into the earth. This will reduce sensible heat from the inlet air, which gives more benefit. After reduction in dry bulb temperature we can take advantage from Fog system /Evaporative Cooler. Using a combination we can get much more benefit. This will not only improve power output but also improve the heat rate of the Gas Turbine.

scholarly journals Applicability of Inlet Air Fogging to Marine Gas Turbine

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Zygfryd Domachowski ◽  
Marek Dzida
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Arid Areas

Abstract The dependency of marine gas turbine on the ambient temperature leads to a decrease of the gas turbine power output in arid areas. Very often gas turbine power output demand is high and the power margins originally designed into the driver, has been exhausted. In such circumstances the inlet air fogging is an effective compensation of gas turbine power. In this paper an analysis of inlet air fogging applicability to marine gas turbine has been conducted. Different areas of ship’s voyage have been taken into account. The use of inlet air fogging in marine gas turbine must be evaluated on the basis of turbine characteristics, climate profile of ship’s voyage, and expectations of gas turbine power augmentation. The authors expect that the considerations provide useful guidance for users of marine gas turbines to decide the feasibility of installing an inlet air fogging system.

Theoretical and Experimental Study of Compressor and Gas Turbine Performances With Wet Compression

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhui Wang ◽  
Qun Zheng ◽  
Yufeng Sun ◽  
Guoxue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Ambient Temperature ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Wet Compression ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Engine Power

Theoretical and experimental study of compressor and gas turbine performance with wet compression has been carried out on S1A-02 industrial gas turbine to reveal its effects on gas turbines, compressors. Experiment results show that wet compression has significantly effects on performances of gas turbines and compressors; under situations of high ambient temperature, wet compression can be used to restore engine power output.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document