Nanoporous Alumina Membranes for Enhancing Hemodialysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongping Huang ◽  
Weiming Zhang ◽  
Jianping Yu ◽  
Dayong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Alumina Membranes ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Nanopore Structure ◽  
Hemodialysis Membrane

The nonuniformity of pore size and pore distribution of the current hemodialysis membrane results in low efficiency of uremic solute removal as well as the loss of albumin. By using nanotechnology, an anodic alumina membrane (ceramic membrane) with self-organized nanopore structure was produced. The objective of this study was to fabricate nanoporous alumina membranes and investigate the correlation between various anodization conditions and the pore characteristics in order to find its potential application in artificial kidney/hemodialysis. An aluminum thin film was oxidized in two electrolytes consisting of 3% and 5% sulfuric acid and 2.7% oxalic acid. The applied voltages were 12.5, 15, 17.5, and 20V for sulfuric acid and 20, 30, 40, and 50V for oxalic acid. Pore size and porosity were determined by analyzing Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images and hydraulic conductivity was measured. Results show that pore size increased linearly with voltage. Acid concentration affected pore formation but not pore size and pore distribution. Hydraulic conductivity of the ceramic membrane was higher than that of the polymer dialysis membrane. The optimal formation conditions for self-organized nanopore structure of the ceramic membrane were 12.5-17.5V in 3–5% sulfuric acid at 0°C. Under these conditions, ceramic membranes with pores size of ∼10nm diameter can be produced. In conclusion, we used anodic alumina technology to reliably produce in quantity ceramic membranes with a pore diameter of 10-50nm. Because of more uniform pore size, high porosity, high hydraulic conductivity, and resistance to high temperature, the ceramic membrane has the potential application as a hemodialysis membrane.

A Study of a New Ceramic Membrane for Use in Hemodialysis

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongping Huang ◽  
Weiming Zhang ◽  
Sonja M. Tang ◽  
Jianping Yu ◽  
Stephen J. Lai-Fook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Anodic Alumina ◽  
Pore Distribution ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Hemodialysis Membrane

The non-uniformity of pore size and pore distribution of the current hemodialysis membrane results in low efficiency of uremic solute removal as well as the loss of albumin. By using nano technology, an anodic alumina membrane (ceramic membrane) with self-organized nano-pore structure was produced. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between various anodization conditions and the pore characteristics of the ceramic membrane as a potential use in artificial kidney / hemodialysis. An aluminum thin film was oxidized in two electrolytes consisting of 3% and 5% sulfuric acid and 2.7% oxalic acid. The applied voltages were 12.5, 15, 17.5 and 20 (V) for sulfuric acid and 20, 30, 40 and 50 (V) for oxalic acid. Pore size and porosity were determined by analyzing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and hydraulic conductivity was measured. Pore size increased linearly with voltage. Acid concentration affected pore formation but not pore size and pore distribution. Hydraulic conductivity of the ceramic membrane was higher than that of polymer dialysis membrane. The optimal formation conditions for self-organized nano-pore structure of ceramic membrane were 12.5–17.5V in 3–5% sulfuric acid at 0 °C. These conditions produced ceramic membranes with pores of ~ 10 nm diameter. Conclusion: Anodic alumina technology reliably produced in quantity structures with pore sizes in the 10–50 nm diameter range. Because of more uniform pore size, high porosity, high hydraulic conductivity and resistance to high temperature, the ceramic membrane has potential for future application as a hemodialysis membrane.

Performance and fouling characteristics of different pore-sized submerged ceramic membrane bioreactors (SCMBR)

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2213-2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Jin ◽  
How Yong Ng ◽  
Say Leong Ong
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Membrane Pore Size

The membrane bioreactor (MBR), a combination of activated sludge process and the membrane separation system, has been widely used in wastewater treatment. However, 90% of MBR reported were employing polymeric membranes. The usage of ceramic membranes in MBR is quite rare. Four submerged ceramic membrane bioreactors (SCMBRs) with different membrane pore size were used in this study to treat sewage. The results showed that the desirable carbonaceous removal of 95% and ammonia nitrogen removal of 98% were obtained for all the SCMBRs. It was also showed that the ceramic membranes were able to reject some portions of the protein and carbohydrate, whereby the carbohydrate rejection rate was much higher than that of protein. Membrane pore size did not significantly affect the COD and TOC removal efficiencies, the composition of EPS and SMP or the membrane rejection rate, although slight differences were observed. The SCMBR with the biggest membrane pore size fouled fastest, and membrane pore size was a main contributor for the different fouling potential observed.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Pore Size Distribution in Nanoporous Alumina Membranes with Anodization Voltage in Oxalic Acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesbah Elyaagoubi ◽  
Youssef Najih ◽  
Mohyeddine Khadiri ◽  
Amane. Oueriagli ◽  
Abdelkader Outzourhitb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Anodization Voltage ◽  
Nanoporous Alumina ◽  
Alumina Membranes

Removal of bacteriophages with different surface charges by diverse ceramic membrane materials in pilot spiking tests

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hambsch ◽  
M. Bösl ◽  
I. Eberhagen ◽  
U. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Membrane Materials ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Microfiltration Membranes

This study examines mechanisms for removal of bacteriophages (MS2 and phiX174) by ceramic membranes without application of flocculants. The ceramic membranes considered included ultra- and microfiltration membranes of different materials. Phages were spiked into the feed water in pilot scale tests in a waterworks. The membranes with pore sizes of 10 nm provided a 2.5–4.0 log removal of the phages. For pore sizes of 50 nm, the log removal dropped to 0.96–1.8. The membrane with a pore size of 200 nm did not remove phages. So, the removal of both MS2- and phiX174-phages depended on the pore size of the membranes. But apart from pore size also other factors influence the removal of phages. Removal was 0.5–0.9 log higher for MS2-phages compared with phiX174-phages. Size exclusion seems to be the major but not the only mechanism which influences the efficiency of phage removal by ceramic membranes.

Ceramic Membrane Made with Inorganic Residue

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 60-85
Author(s):  
H. Lucena Lira ◽  
R.C. de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Iliana Oliveira Guimarães ◽  
G. Araújo Neves ◽  
R. Nóbrega Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization

Industrial wastes reuse becomes attractive to raw materials economy and to avoid environmental problems. The aim of this study is to develop and characterize tubular ceramic membranes using in their composition inorganic residues generated in the industries, such as, granite, alumina residue from calcination process and kaolin. Initially, it was performed the physical chemical and mineralogical characterization of the residues. Different formulations of ceramic masses have been studied with incorporation of residue, clay and additives for producing tubular membranes through the extrusion process. The membranes were characterized by SEM and flow measurements with distilled water. The membranes were applied to effluent treatment from textile and oil industry. The granite residue showed a high content of SiO2and Al2O3in its chemical composition and significant amount of iron and calcium oxides resulting from the granite processing. The granite residue presented average particle size of 13.98 µm. The residue from alumina process contain gibbsite and α-alumina, and average particles size of 15.68 µm. The residue from kaolin processing presented high content of quartz and alumina and average particles size of 29.0 µm. The tubular membrane produced with granite residue presented porosity from 17 to 30%, pores size in the range of 0.06 to 0.14µm and water flow from 10 (at 2 Bar) to 24 L/h.m2(at 4 Bar). These membranes retained 100% of indigo particles and was effective in the separation of indigo. The membrane prepared with alumina residue presented porosity close to 58% , pore size of 0.96 µm and water flow from 68 to 80 L/h.m2(at 2 Bar). These membranes were applied with successes in the separation of water from emulsion (100 ppm oil/water) with rejection above 96%. The membrane prepared with kaolin residue presented pore size from 0.16 to 0.22 µm, porosity from 41 to 44% and water flow from 53 to 70 L/h.m2. The ceramic membranes with industrial residues were successfully produced and applied in the treatment of industrial effluents.

scholarly journals The Effect of Rice Husk Addition as Additive Materials on the Characterization of Ceramic Membrane and Their Application on Water River Treatment Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Sisnayati Sisnayati ◽  
Ria Komala ◽  
Retno Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
River Water ◽  
Iron Powder ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Bet Analysis

This study aims to study how the effect of adding rice husk additives to the characteristics of ceramic membranes with various variations of membrane-forming component composition in terms of surface morphology and pore size of the membrane produced. This research is expected to be used by the community as an alternative treatment of river water into clean water. In this study, the variables studied were the composition of the membrane constituent namely clay, iron powder and rice husk  as an additives. The ceramic membrane was designed in the form of a tube, made from a mixture of clay, iron powder and rice husk with a diameter of 5 cm, an outer diameter of 6 cm, a thickness of 1 cm and a length of 25 cm. Housing membrane was made of glass fiber with an outer diameter of 9 cm, an inner diameter of 8.5 cm and a length of 30 cm. Making ceramic membranes were from clay, iron powder and rice husk with a ratio of 87.5%, 2.5%, 10%, 77.5%, 2.5%, 20% and 77.5%, 2.5%, 15%.  The river water was treated by flowing to the complete separation process. It was taken every 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 75 minutes, 90 minutes. Every sampling, the permeate volume was determined. Permeat events were analyzed for chemical parameters in the form of iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn). Based on the SEM-EDS analysis on the ceramic membrane produced shows that the membrane was classified in the microfiltration membrane group with a random and asymmetrical pore size and structure. According to the BET analysis on ceramic membranes shows that the best ceramic membrane produced in this study is C ceramic membrane with a clay composition of 87.5%; 10% of rice husk; and 2.5% of iron powder with a pore size of 2.8 μm and a large surface area of ​​45.38 m2/g. The difference in pressure of 2 bars gives the best results in reducing levels of contaminant compounds contained in river water with a percentage of Fe reduction of 92.18%, Mn of 89.23%,  and Zn of 99.80%.

scholarly journals Characterization and Beneficiation of Ethiopian Kaolin for use in Fabrication of Ceramic Membrane

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsegahun Mekonnen Zewdie ◽  
Indah Prihatiningtyas ◽  
Abhishek Dutta ◽  
Nigus Gabbiye Habtu ◽  
Bart Van der Bruggen
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Iron Extraction ◽  
Thermally Treated

Abstract Kaolin (china clay) is a rock material that is very rich in kaolinite. A kaolin ore from Debre Tabor, Ethiopia containing 59.2 wt.% SiO2, 24.9 wt.% Al2O3, 2.4 wt.% Fe2O3, and 8.22 wt.% loss on ignition (LOI) was physically beneficiated, chemically leached, and thermally treated for possible industrial use, especially for ceramic membrane fabrication. The leaching experiments were carried out using oxalic acid solutions as leaching reagents for the iron extraction process. The effect of acid concentration, reaction temperature, and contact time on iron leaching was investigated. It was determined that the rate of iron extraction increased with the oxalic acid concentration, leaching temperature, and contact time. A substantial reduction of iron oxide (2.4 to 0.36 wt. %) from the raw kaolin was observed at operating conditions of 2.0 M oxalic acid, the temperature of 120°C, and contact time of 120 min. A maximum kaolin whiteness index of 81.4 % was achieved through this leaching process. Finally, the physically beneficiated, chemically leached, and thermally treated kaolin raw material was used to fabricate a low-cost kaolin-based ceramic membrane. After firing at 1100°C the ceramic membrane was found to have a mass loss of 11.04 ± 0.05%, water absorption of 8.9 ± 0.4 %, linear shrinkage of 14.5 ± 0.05%. It was demonstrated to be chemically stable, having less than 3 % mass loss in acid solution, and less than 1 % mass loss in alkali solution. The newly developed membranes have thus properties comparable to commercial ceramic membranes.

scholarly journals Study of Ceramic Membrane from Naturally Occurring-Kaolin Clays for Microfiltration Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Bouzid Rekik ◽  
Jamel Bouaziz ◽  
Andre Deratani ◽  
Semia Beklouti
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Kaolin Clays

The focus of this work is to assess the quality of porous membranes prepared from naturally occurring kaolin clays and to evaluate the performance of tubular ceramic membranes treating integrated raw effluents from seafood industry. This material has been chosen due to its natural abundance, its non-toxicity, low cost and its valuable properties. The preparation and characterization of porous tubular ceramic membranes, using kaolin powder with and without corn starch as poreforming agent, were reported. SEM photographs indicated that the membrane surface was homogeneous. The effects of material compositions, additives and the relatively lower sintering temperature, ranging from 1100° to 1250°C, on porosity, average pore size, pore-size distribution and mechanical strength of membranes have been investigated. A correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties of membranes has been discussed. The performance of the novel ceramic membranes thus obtained was determined by evaluating both the water permeability and rejection. The obtained membrane was used to treat cuttlefish effluents generated from the conditioning seawater product industry which consumes a great amount of water. Cross-flow microfiltration was performed then, in order to reduce the turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD). 

Use of Ceramic Membrane for Indigo Separation in Effluent from Textile Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 537-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Carmo Oliveira Lima ◽  
H.L. Lira ◽  
G.A. Neves ◽  
M.C. Silva ◽  
K.B. França
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Tangential Flow

The production of fabrics is one important sectors of the national economy, especially in jeans production. During dyeing step, in the production of jeans, it is generate a large amount of wastewater rich in indigo, a strong blue dye that when released directly into the environment is responsible for several environmental impacts. The aim of this work is to study the use of microfiltration ceramic membranes for indigo separation in effluents from textile industry. Initially the ceramic membranes were characterized in relation to the pore size and tangential flux. It was produced an indigo solution whose concentration and composition similar to the effluent of textile industry. The solution was characterized and submitted to a filtration through ceramic membranes by tangential flow, by applying a pressure of 3 Bar. At the end it was verified that 99% of the indigo was retained.

Application of the ceramic membrane with hydrophobic skin layer to separation of activated sludge

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Nomura ◽  
Takao Fujii ◽  
Motoyuki Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Porous Membrane ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Gas Permeation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cake Layer

Porous membrane of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) was formed on the surface of porous ceramic tubes by means of heat treatment of the PTFE particles deposit layer prepared by filtering PTFE microparticles emulsified in aqueous phase. By means of inert gas permeation, pore size was determined and compared with scanning electron micrograph observation. Also rejection measurement of aqueous dextran solutions of wide range of molecular weights showed consistent results regarding the pore size. Since the membrane prepared by this method is stable and has unique features derived from PTFE, it is expected that the membrane has interesting applications in the field of water treatment. Membrane separation of activated sludge by this composite membrane and original ceramics membrane showed that the PTFE membrane gives better detachability of the cake layer formed on the membrane. This might be due to the hydrophobic nature of the PTFE skin layer.

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