Application of Minature Ring-Core and Interferometric Strain/Slope Rosette to Determine Residual Stress Distribution With Depth—Part I: Theories

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyu Li ◽  
Wei Ren
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Mechanical Stress Relief ◽  
Strain Rosette ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Ring Core

The principle of an interferometric strain/slope rosette (ISSR) is based on interference of laser beams reflected from three microindentations on a specimen surface. The ISSR can simultaneously measure the in-plane strains and the out-of-plane slopes. Ring-core cutting is a mechanical stress relief method. When used with the ISSR technique for residual stress measurement, the ring core can be made much smaller than used with the resistance strain rosette. Thus, more localized residual stresses can be measured. The theories of the ISSR/ring-core cutting method are described in this paper. Both mechanical and finite element models are developed for the incremental ring-core cutting process with the application of the ISSR technique. The stress-strain coefficients of the ISSR/ring-core method are calculated and nondimensionalized for general applications. A test example is given to demonstrate how residual stress distribution is determined by using the stress-strain coefficients and the ISSR data.

Residual Stress Prediction by Means of 3D FEM Simulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 431-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Attanasio ◽  
Elisabetta Ceretti ◽  
Cristian Cappellini ◽  
Claudio Giardini
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
3D Fem ◽  
Workpiece Material

In cutting field, residual stress distribution analysis on the workpiece is a very interesting topic. Indeed, the residual stress distribution affects fatigue life, corrosion resistance and other functional aspects of the workpiece. Recent studies showed that the development of residual stresses is influenced by the cutting parameters, tool geometry and workpiece material. For reducing the costs of experimental tests and residual stress measurement, analytical and numerical models have been developed. The aim of these models is the possibility of forecasting the residual stress distribution into the workpiece as a function of the selected process parameters. In this work the residual stress distributions obtained simulating cutting operations using a 3D FEM software and the corresponding simulation procedure are reported. In particular, orthogonal cutting operations of AISI 1045 and AISI 316L steels were performed. The FEM results were compared with the experimental residual stress distribution in order to validate the model effectiveness.

Measurement of Residual Stress Distribution of Ground Silicon Nitride by Glancing Incidence X-ray Diffraction Technique

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 331-338
Author(s):  
Yoshihisa Sakaida ◽  
Keisuke Tanaka ◽  
Shintaro Harada
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Very High

A new method of X-ray stress measurement was proposed to estimate non-destructively the steep residual stress distribution in the surface layer of ground Si3N4. We assumed an exponential decrement of the residual stress near the ground surface, and derived a formula for the lattice strain as a function of sin2Ψ. In the experiments, the diffraction angles were measured on the ground surface for a widest possible range of sin2ѱ using an Ω-goniometer. In order to measure the diffraction angle at very high sin η values, a scintillation counter was located on the -η side and an incident X-ray beam impinged on the ground surface with a very low angle from the +η side using the glancing incidence X-ray diffraction technique. A strong non-linearity was found in the 20-sin2ѱ diagrams especially at very high ѱ -angles. From the analysis of non-linearity, the stress distribution in the surface layer was determined. Tine residual stress took the maximum compression of 2 GPa at a depth of about 0.5 μm from the surface, and then diminished to zero at about 25 μm in depth. In the close vicinity of the ground surface, the compressive residual stress was relieved because of both the surface roughness and microcracking induced during the grinding process.

Measurement of Residual Stresses within a PWR Swaged Heater Tube

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Goudar ◽  
Ed J. Kingston ◽  
Mike C. Smith ◽  
Sayeed Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Heater Tube

Frequent failures of the pressuriser heater tubes used in Pressurised Water Reactors (PWRs) have been found. Axial cracks initiating from the tube outer diameter have been detected in some tubes as well as the resulting electrical problems. Replacement of the heater tubes requires an undesirably prolonged plant shutdown. In order to better understand these failures a series of residual stress measurements were carried out to obtain the near surface and through-thickness residual stress profiles in a stainless steel pressuriser heater tube. Three different residual stress measurement techniques were employed namely, Deep-Hole Drilling (DHD), Incremental Centre Hole Drilling (ICHD) and Sachs’ Boring (SB) to measure the through thickness residual stress distribution in the heater tubes. Results showed that the hoop stresses measured using all three techniques were predominantly tensile at all locations, while the axial stresses were found to be tensile at the surface and both tensile and compressive as they reduce to small magnitudes within the tube. The magnitude of the in-plane shear stresses was small at all measurement depths at all locations. The various measurement methods were found to complement each other well. All the measurements revealed a characteristic profile for the through-thickness residual stress distribution.

scholarly journals Semi-Empirical Prediction of Residual Stress Distributions Introduced by Turning Inconel 718 Alloy Based on Lorentz Function

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4341
Author(s):  
Huachen Peng ◽  
Penghao Dong ◽  
Xianqiang Cheng ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Wencheng Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Residual Compressive Stress ◽  
Residual Tensile Stress ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Prediction Approach

The residual stress of machined surface has a crucial influence on the performance of parts. It results in large deviations in terms of the position accuracy, dimension accuracy and service life. The purpose of the present study is to provide a novel semi-empirical residual stress prediction approach for turning Inconel 718. In the method, the bimodal Lorentz function was originally applied to express the residual stress distribution. A statistical model between the coefficients of the bimodal Lorentz function and cutting parameters was established by the random forest regression, in order to predict the residual stress distribution along the depth direction. Finally, the turning experiments, electrolytic corrosion peeling, residual stress measurement and correlation analysis were carried out to verify the accuracy of predicted residual stress. The results show that the bimodal Lorentz function has a great fitting accuracy. The adjusted R2 (Ad-R2) are ranging from 95.4% to 99.4% and 94.7% to 99.6% in circumferential and axial directions, respectively. The maximum and minimum errors of the surface residual tensile stress (SRTS) are 124.564 MPa and 18.082 MPa, those of the peak residual compressive stress (PRCS) are 84.649 MPa and 3.009 MPa and those of the depth of the peak residual compressive stress (DPRCS) are 0.00875 mm and 0.00155 mm, comparing three key feature indicators of predicted and simulated residual stress. The predicted residual stress is highly correlated with the measured residual stress, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.8. In the range of experimental measurement error, the research in the present work provides a quite accurate method for predicting the residual stress in turning Inconel 718, and plays a vital role in controlling the machining deformation of parts.

scholarly journals Experimental Measurement of Residual Stress Distribution in Rail Specimens Using Ultrasonic LCR Waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9306
Author(s):  
Young-In Hwang ◽  
Geonwoo Kim ◽  
Yong-Il Kim ◽  
Jeong-Hak Park ◽  
Man-Yong Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Effective Depth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) waves are considered bulk longitudinal waves and penetrate into an effective depth beneath the surface parallel to the material surface. Such LCR waves can be employed to measure residual stresses because the acoustoelastic effect is the basis for ultrasonic residual stress measurements. This effect is described by the relationship between change of wave travel time and stress applied when such waves propagate in a stressed medium. In this paper, stresses applied in a rail were evaluated by using a developed LCR probe. With this transducer, it was verified how the difference in the arrival times of the LCR waves showed a trend as the tensile stresses increased. The acoustoelastic coefficients were calculated using the relationship between the stresses and the travel times, and the residual stresses of the used rails were measured using these coefficients. In addition, the difference in residual stress distribution according to the characteristics of the wheel-rail contact surface was analyzed from the obtained residual stress value. It was concluded that this non-destructive evaluation technique using LCR waves could be employed for accurate stress measurement of rails because differences in stress applied to the rail can be detected.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document