Tooth Influence on Flexural and Torsional Flexibility, and Model Tooth Number Prediction for Optimum Dynamic Simulation of Wide-Faced Spur Gears

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 626-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raynald Guilbault
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Acceptable Error ◽  
Face Width ◽  
Dynamic Analyses ◽  
Tooth Number ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Face

Refined dynamic analyses of gear pairs, including precise tooth contact description, often lead to unreasonable simulation requirements. Therefore, numerous models employ simplifications, such as two-dimensional deflection of the engaged gear set, which is inappropriate for wide-faced wheels. Other models propose three-dimensional (3D) representation of one tooth on a complete hub. This approach introduces the torsional and flexural deflection of the gear body, but underestimates the corresponding stiffness. Since forthcoming improvements of gear analysis should offer efficient 3D dynamic simulation of wide-faced gear sets, this paper primarily quantifies the flexibility error levels implied with 3D one tooth full hub spur gear models. Subsequently, a procedure is developed to determine the number of teeth required for a 3D model so that it will include the torsional and flexural flexibility of the spur gear body, within acceptable error levels. This procedure offers an efficient approach to optimize the (precision)/(simulation time) ratio. The method deals with gears of any diametral pitch, and covers the common face width and tooth number ranges.

scholarly journals Gear Teeth Deflection Model for Spur Gears: Proposal of a 3D Nonlinear and Non-Hertzian Approach

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Fabio Bruzzone ◽  
Tommaso Maggi ◽  
Claudio Marcellini ◽  
Carlo Rosso
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Face Width ◽  
Mechanics Model ◽  
Pressure Distributions

In this paper, a three-dimensional model for the estimation of the deflections, load sharing attributes, and contact conditions will be presented for pairs of meshing teeth in a spur gear transmission. A nonlinear iterative approach based on a semi-analytical formulation for the deformation of the teeth under load will be employed to accurately determine the point of application of the load, its intensity, and the number of contacting pairs without a priori assumptions. At the end of this iterative cycle the obtained deflected shapes are then employed to compute the pressure distributions through a contact mechanics model with non-Hertzian features and a technique capable of obtaining correct results even at the free edges of the finite length contacting bodies. This approach is then applied to a test case with excellent agreement with its finite element counterpart. Finally, several results are shown to highlight the influence on the quasi-static behavior of spur gears of different kinds and amounts of flank and face-width profile modifications.

scholarly journals Demand Analysis of Lubricating Oil in Spur Gear Pairs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5417
Author(s):  
Fuchun Jia ◽  
Yulong Lei ◽  
Yao Fu ◽  
Binyu Wang ◽  
Jianlong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Transmission Ratio ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Control Variate ◽  
Tooth Number ◽  
Oil Demand ◽  
Meshing Process ◽  
Input Torque

Theoretical calculation and numerical simulation are used to investigate the lubricating oil demand of spur gears. In accordance with the function of lubricating oil during the meshing process, oil demand is regarded as the superposition of oil for lubrication and cooling. Oil for lubrication is calculated in accordance with meshing and elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) theories. Oil for cooling is obtained from friction heat. The influence of different meshing positions on lubricating oil demand is analysed, and the effects of modulus, tooth number, transmission ratio, input speed and input torque on lubricating oil demand is investigated using a control variate method. Simulation results indicated that oil for lubrication and oil for cooling have two maxima each during a meshing circle. The influences of different gear parameters and working conditions on lubricating oil demand are compared. The results showed that the oil volume for lubrication increases and oil volume for cooling decreases as the modulus, tooth number and transmission ratio of the gear increase, the oil volume for lubrication and oil volume for cooling increases as the input speed and input torque increase.

Error Analysis on Finite Element Modeling of Involute Spur Gears

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian D. Wang ◽  
Ian M. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Contact Problems ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Face Width ◽  
Wide Range

Finite element analysis can incorporate two-dimensional (2D) modeling if the geometry, load, and boundary conditions meet the requirements. For many applications, a wide range of problems are solved in 2D, due to the efficiency and costs of computation. However, care has to be taken to avoid modeling errors from significantly influencing the result. When the application area is nonlinear, such as when modeling contact problems or fracture analysis, etc, the 2D assumption must be used cautiously. In this paper, a large number of 2D and three-dimensional (3D) gear models were investigated using finite element analysis. The models included contact analysis between teeth in mesh, a gear body (disk), and teeth with and without a crack at the tooth root. The model results were compared using parameters such as the torsional (mesh) stiffness, tooth stresses and the stress intensity factors that are obtained under assumptions of plane stress, plane strain, and 3D analysis. The models considered variations of face width of the gear from 5 mm to 300 mm. This research shows that caution must be used especially where 2D assumptions are used in the modeling of solid gears.

Effect of Face Width on Bending Stress of Spur Gear Using AGMA and FEA

2014 ◽  
Vol 945-949 ◽  
pp. 840-844
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Ahmad Umar ◽  
Abdulrahaman Shuaibu Ahmad ◽  
Auwalu Gidado Yusuf ◽  
Zulfiqar Ibrahim Bibi Farouk
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Bending Stress ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Face Width ◽  
Complex Design ◽  
Software Skills ◽  
Heavy Loads

Spur gears are widely used in industry where the power transmission is required at heavy loads with smoother and noiseless operation. The study in this paper shows that the complex design problem of spur gear requires superior software skills for modeling and analysis. The problem been has solved using Pro/E and ANSYS software which provides equivalent results to that of AGMA. In this paper, spur gear was modeled using Pro/Engineer wildfire 4.0 and stress analysis was carried out using ANSYS 11.0. The results obtained from both AGMA and FEM were compared and found to be approximately similar.

Three-Dimensional Analyses of Spur Gear Bending Stresses by Global-Local Finite Element Technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 365-366 ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Zhou Xu ◽  
Zhi Xue Wu ◽  
Shu Ai Tian ◽  
Ya Jun Hua
Keyword(s):  
Load Distribution ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Elastic Stresses ◽  
Distribution Form ◽  
Face Width ◽  
Tooth Width ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Element Technique

Three-dimensional elastic stresses developed in the root fillet of spur gear tooth due to uniform or non-uniform load distribution are analyzed in detail using global-local technique. Results indicate that root stresses distribute always non-uniformly along tooth width, and the maximum critical root stress (CRS) and its position depend on the face width and load distribution form. The maximum CRS is always higher than the corresponding value obtained under plane assumption and the value on the free surface. So, it is dangerous to use the CRSs calculated in practical gear designs. This research provides knowledge of root stresses for engineer to guard against gear failure and to design for increased loading.

Comparison of Bending Stress of a Spur Gear for Different Materials and Modules Using AGMA Standards in FEA

2013 ◽  
Vol 739 ◽  
pp. 382-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Prabhakaran ◽  
S. Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Element Method

Gearing is one of the most critical components in mechanical power transmission systems.. This paper explains about the comparison of the geometry of spur gears for two different modules by modeling and mathematical equations, load distribution at various positions of the contact line and the stress analysis of spur gears using three-dimensional finite element method. The bending stresses were examined using three-dimensional finite element model.. These stresses of different modules obtained from the finite element analysis were compared and the considerable reduction of weight occurred was found and also the values are compared with the theoretical values. Both results agree very well. This indicates that the finite element method model is accurate.

Residual Stress and Bending Fatigue Strength of Case-Carburized Thin-Rimmed Spur Gears With Asymmetric Web Arrangement

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouitsu Miyachika ◽  
Wei-Dong Xue ◽  
Takao Koide ◽  
Hidefumi Mada ◽  
Kengo Nojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Case Depth ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
3D Fem ◽  
Bending Fatigue ◽  
Bending Fatigue Strength

This paper presents a study on effects of carburized parts on residual stress and bending fatigue strength of case-carburized thin-rimmed spur gears with asymmetric web arrangement. A heat conduction analysis and an elastic-plastic stress analysis for the case-carburizing process of thin-rimmed spur gears with asymmetric web arrangement were carried out by the three-dimensional finite-element method (3D-FEM), and then residual stresses were obtained. Effects of the case depth, the carburized part and the rim thickness on the residual stress of case-carburized thin-rimmed spur gears were determined. Bending fatigue tests were carried out for case-carburized thin-rimmed spur gears with asymmetric web arrangement, and S-N curves and bending fatigue limit loads were obtained. Effects of the case-depth, the carburized part and the rim thickness on the bending fatigue strength of the case-carburized thin-rimmed spur gear with asymmetric web arrangement were determined.

Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation and Forming Investigation for Net-Shape Forging of Spur Gears

2010 ◽  
Vol 139-141 ◽  
pp. 626-629
Author(s):  
Shu Bo Xu ◽  
Cai Nian Jing ◽  
Gui Qing Wang ◽  
Guo Cheng Ren
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Forging Process ◽  
Precision Forging ◽  
Finite Element Numerical Simulation ◽  
Forging Die

In this paper, a new precision forging technique composite processing of the moving-die forging and divided flow forging process to form the spur gear is introduced. A systematic investigation of the floating-relief method process is performed by using finite element numerical simulation. The stress distributions on the workpieces were obtained. The closer the die teeth corner is, the higher stress value results can be acquired. And the effective stress is concentrated in spur gears forging die cavity corner. It was found that the floating-relief method forging process with upper and lower convex punches control the material flow effectively and the tooth cavity is filled successfully during the performing forging and final forging. The proposed method can serve as preconditions to analyze the abrasion and fatigue of spur gears forging die. The obtained results can offer valuable guidelines for gear precision forging experiments and practical process planning.

3D reconstruction and calculation of surface area and volume of bell pepper

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-113
Author(s):  
Zoltán Gillay ◽  
László Fenyvesi
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Acceptable Error ◽  
Volume Calculation ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Area And Volume

There was a method developed that generates the three-dimensional model of not axisymmetric produce, based on an arbitrary number of photos. The model can serve as a basis for calculating the surface area and the volume of produce. The efficiency of the reconstruction was tested on bell peppers and artificial shapes. In case of bell peppers 3-dimensional reconstruction was created from 4 images rotated in 45° angle intervals. The surface area and the volume were estimated on the basis of the reconstructed area. Furthermore, a new and simple reference method was devised to give precise results for the surface area of bell pepper. The results show that this 3D reconstruction-based surface area and volume calculation method is suitable to determine the surface area and volume of definite bell peppers with an acceptable error.

scholarly journals Study on improving three-dimensional dynamic simulation model and equation of flexible fabric

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 168781401985284
Author(s):  
Meiliang Wang ◽  
Mingjun Wang ◽  
Xiaobo Li
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Equation Solving ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Dynamic Simulation Model ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Simulation Equation

The use of the traditional fabric simulation model evidently shows that it cannot accurately reflect the material properties of the real fabric. This is against the background that the simulation result is artificial or an imitation, which leads to a low simulation equation. In order to solve such problems from occurring, there is need for a novel model that is designed to enhance the essential properties required for a flexible fabric, the simulation effect of the fabric, and the efficiency of simulation equation solving. Therefore, the improvement study results will offer a meaningful and practical understanding within the field of garment automation design, three-dimensional animation, virtual fitting to mention but a few.

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