Exergetic, Thermal, and Externalities Analyses of a Cogeneration Plant

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret B. Bailey ◽  
Peter Curtiss ◽  
CPT Paul H. Blanton ◽  
CPT Thomas B. McBrayer
Keyword(s):  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Anthracite Coal

A thermodynamic study of an 88.4MW cogeneration plant located in the United States is presented in this paper. The feedstock for this actual plant is culm, the waste left from anthracite coal mining. Before combustion in circulating fluidized bed boilers, the usable carbon within the culm is separated from the indigenous rock. The rock and ash waste from the combustion process fill adjacent land previously scared by strip mining. Trees and grass are planted in these areas as part of a land reclamation program. Analyses based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics using actual operating data are first presented to acquaint the reader with the plant’s components and operation. Using emission and other relevant environmental data from the plant, an externalities study is outlined that estimates the plant’s effect on the local population. The results show that the plant’s cycle performs with a coefficient of utilization of 29% and an approximate exergetic efficiency of 34.5%. In order to increase these values, recommended improvements to the plant are noted. In addition, the externality costs associated with the estimated SO2 and NOX discharge from the culm fed plant are approximately 1mil∕kWh produced. This is considerably lower (85–95%) than those associated with a similarly sized coal fed plant. The plant’s cycle efficiencies are lower than those associated with more modern technologies; such as an integrated gas turbine combined cycle. However, given the abundant, inexpensive supply of feedstock located adjacent to the plant and the environmental benefit of removing culm banks, the plant’s existing operation is unique from an economical and environmental viewpoint.

Exergetic, Thermal, and Externalities Analyses of a Cogeneration Plant

Solar Energy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret B. Bailey ◽  
Peter Curtiss ◽  
Paul H. Blanton ◽  
Thomas B. McBrayer
Keyword(s):  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Active Coal ◽  
Anthracite Culm

A thermodynamic study of an 88 MW cogeneration plant located in the United States is presented. The plant is singled out for consideration since the feedstock consists of waste anthracite culm banks. The culm banks remain on the ground surface after decades of active coal mining in the region. Before combustion, usable coal within the culm is separated from the indigenous rock and conveyed to circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers. The indigenous rock and ashes from combustion are used as fill in adjacent land previously scared by strip mining. Trees and grass are planted in these areas as part of a land reclamation program. The research reported here includes the results of thermodynamic analyses of the cogeneration plant cycle and processes. Analyses based on the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics are first presented to acquaint the reader with the plant’s components and operation. Data used in the calculations are based on actual operating data obtained at the cogeneration plant during a mass and energy balance study conducted in the late 1990’s. The data are average values and indicative of the plant’s base load operating state. Using emission and other relevant environmental data from the plant, an externalities study is outlined that estimates the plant’s effect on the local population.

RANCANGAN DASAR GASIFIER BATUBARA SIRKULASI UNGGUN MENGAMBANG UNTUK MEMBANGKITKAN LISTRIK 1 MW

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Soedjoko Tirtosoekotjo ◽  
Bambang Suwondo Rahardjo
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Modification System ◽  
Coal Gasifier ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Cost Development ◽  
Electric Generation ◽  
To Come ◽  
Standard Regulation

There are 3 choices in accommodating power station facility which have beeninstalled to fulfill standard regulation of environmental quality which progressivelytighten. Firstly, facility modification of pulverized–coal fired power plant byapplying a flue–gas desulfurisation technology throw away to cost moneyinstallation of tired which can 20% of total cost development of it. Secondly,modification system of coal fired power generation become natural gas combinedcycle (NGCC) can reach low emission, but fuel cost relatively high, so willinfluence the electricity generating cost. Third, modification system of electricgeneration which have been installed by utilizing a mechanism of coalgasification is most efficient and best alternative to yield an environmentalfriendly of electric generation combined cycle. In this paper, writer try to make abasic design of circulating fluidized–bed coal gasifier using clay catalist relatedon third choice which expected applicable in the next future to come replacepower station system which have ended a period as well as newly even if.Kata Kunci: gasifier batubara unggun mengambang, katalis tanah liat,pembangkit listrik

scholarly journals Powering Ahead

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (05) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
The Military

This article explores the increasing use of natural gas in different turbine industries and in turn creating an efficient electrical system. All indications are that the aviation market will be good for gas turbine production as airlines and the military replace old equipment and expanding economies such as China and India increase their air travel. Gas turbines now account for some 22% of the electricity produced in the United States and 46% of the electricity generated in the United Kingdom. In spite of this market share, electrical power gas turbines have kept a much lower profile than competing technologies, such as coal-fired thermal plants and nuclear power. Gas turbines are also the primary device behind the modern combined power plant, about the most fuel-efficient technology we have. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is developing a new J series gas turbine for the combined cycle power plant market that could achieve thermal efficiencies of 61%. The researchers believe that if wind turbines and gas turbines team up, they can create a cleaner, more efficient electrical power system.

Constructing the Russian combined-cycle cogeneration plant and mastering its operation

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Berezinets ◽  
V. M. Grinenko ◽  
I. V. Dolinin ◽  
V. N. Kondrat’ev ◽  
A. Ya. Kopsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cogeneration Plant

Personal Reflections on the 1982 Special Anthropometric Issue of Social Science History

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley L. Engerman
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Science History ◽  
Social Science History ◽  
Christopher Lasch ◽  
Personal Reflections

Looking back at the more than 20 years that have gone by since the 1982 special issue of Social Science History, it is interesting to observe how important the study of anthropometric data has been in contributing to economic history and related disciplines.While there had been numerous earlier comments by contemporary observers as well as by scholars about heights and their implications as seen in JamesTanner's marvelous study, A History of the Study of Human Growth (1981), the systematic work that was reflected in the 1982 volume was then only about six or seven years old in the United States. It represented the early output of a study directed by Robert Fogel, primarily through the Development of the American Economy (DAE) project of the National Bureau of Economic Research.There had been a few previous publications including my own piece in Local Population Studies (Engerman 1976). My first use of the height-by-age data was in response to a dinnerparty conversation in 1974 with two ofmy colleagues in the Rochester history department:Herbert Gutman and Christopher Lasch.

The Upgrading of the Combined-Cycle Cogeneration Plant with Heat-Recovery Steam Generators for Large Cities of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
M. A. Vertkin ◽  
S. P. Kolpakov ◽  
V. E. Mikhailov ◽  
Yu. G. Sukhorukov ◽  
L. A. Khomenok
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Russian Federation

Accessing Public Sector Environmental Data and Information

2008 ◽  
pp. 578-586
Author(s):  
Chris Jarvis ◽  
John Kupiec
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
Data Layers

This chapter highlights the importance that the Environment Agency places on the provision of information and the key part it plays in achieving environmental goals, an importance that is recognised in a range of national, European and international laws and agreements. The Agency is seeking to ensure that it meets the “letter” and, importantly, the spirit of all relevant legislation. To this end, our vision is environmental information freely available to all – quickly and easily, where and when people want it, and in a format to meet particular needs. The opportunities that present themselves in today’s “Information Age” are exciting and the potential to lever environmental benefit is great. The Agency’s track record in this field is already considerable, with five years’ experience of providing key environmental datasets through “What’s in Your Backyard?” – a GIS, Internet based national portal (www.environment-agency.gov.uk). This system has been developed and extended to include a pollution inventory, flood plain maps, landfill sites and a range of other data layers. Members of the public can find information from a national level, right down to their local environment: locating areas of interest by postcode or place name, displaying data to a chosen scale, formulating individual queries on the datasets, gaining background on information of interest, and downloading data for their own use off-line. The key components in establishing such services are people, data and technical infrastructure. The Environment Agency’s National Centre for Environmental Data & Surveillance has developed a conceptual architecture within which these components can be effectively managed and brought to bear on the processes of delivering timely data and information products. This is a challenging task within large administrations where data collection, management and storage are widely distributed both geographically and organisationally. Experience to date has shown the approach to be flexible, reliable and scalable. We have also developed our understanding of why people want information and how they want to access it – and importantly why some people do not see the relevance of environmental information to them. We have therefore formulated a strategy to improve the flexibility and response of the services we provide. This strategy also includes developing highly tailored information services that feed off the same base datasets. The Agency has recently piloted just such a service aimed at residential house purchasers. This is an e-business service accessible by solicitors over the Internet, with individually tailored environmental reports generated and delivered in real time. There is the potential to develop similar tailored services wherever environmental information is, or should be, a key part of business activities and decisions. Future development will therefore not solely be making more information available in an electronic format. Information must be made relevant to particular needs at particular times. Citizens must be made aware of the wider environmental impacts of their consumer choices and the implications to themselves and others. They must also understand the real effect of the environment on their daily lives and why it is in their interest to be interested.

Kalaeloa: Combined Cycle Power Station Burning Low Sulfur Fuel Oil in Its Ninth Successful Year

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. R. Khalaf ◽  
B. Basler
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Performance Issues ◽  
Low Sulfur

This paper presents the O&M experience at the Kalaeloa Cogeneration Plant. Performance issues and other problems related to firing heavy oil in a combustion turbine are presented together with their long-term solutions leading to the current successful operation of the IPP power station in Hawaii, USA.

scholarly journals Oxy-combustion of biomass in a circulating fluidized bed

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kosowska-Golachowska ◽  
Agnieszka Kijo-Kleczkowska ◽  
Adam Luckos ◽  
Krzysztof Wolski ◽  
Tomasz Musiał
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Lower Maximum ◽  
Maximum Mass Loss

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate combustion characteristics of biomass (willow, Salix viminalis) burnt in air and O2/CO2 mixtures in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB). Air and oxy-combustion characteristics of wooden biomass in CFB were supplemented by the thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses (TGA/DTA). The results of conducted CFB and TGA tests show that the composition of the oxidizing atmosphere strongly influences the combustion process of biomass fuels. Replacing N2 in the combustion environment by CO2 caused slight delay (higher ignition temperature and lower maximum mass loss rate) in the combustion of wooden biomass. The combustion process in O2/CO2 mixtures at 30% and 40% O2 is faster and shorter than that at lower O2 concentrations.

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