Vibration Monitoring and Damage Quantification of Faulty Ball Bearings

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. Choy ◽  
J. Zhou ◽  
M. J. Braun ◽  
L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Progressive Failure ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Vibration Monitoring ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Damage And Failure ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Safety And Reliability

More often than not, the rolling element bearings in rotating machinery are the mechanical components that are first prone to premature failure. Early warning of an impending bearing failure is vital to the safety and reliability of high-speed turbomachinery. Presently, vibration monitoring is one of the most applied procedures in on-line damage and failure monitoring of rolling element bearings. This paper presents results from an experimental rotor-bearing test rig with quantified damage induced in the supporting rolling element bearings. Both good and damaged radial and tapered ball bearings are used in this study. The vibration signatures due to damage at the ball elements and the inner race of the bearing are also examined. Vibration signature analyzing schemes such as frequency domain analysis, and chaotic vibration analysis (modified Poincare diagrams) are applied and their effectiveness in pinpoint damage are compared in this study. The size/level of the damage is corroborated with the vibration amplitudes to provide quantification criteria for bearing progressive failure prediction. Based on the results from this study, it is shown that the use of the modified Poincare map, based on the relative carrier speed, can provide an effective way for identification and quantification of bearing damage in rolling element bearings.

Vibration Monitoring and Damage Quantification of Faulty Ball Bearings

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. Choy ◽  
J. Zhou ◽  
M. J. Braun ◽  
L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Monitoring ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Damage And Failure ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Vibration Signature ◽  
On Line ◽  
Bearing Damage

More often then not, the rolling element bearings of rotating machinery are the mechanical components that are first prone to premature failure. Early warning of an impending bearing failure is vital to the safety and reliability of high-speed turbo-machinery. Presently, vibration monitoring is one of the most applied procedures in on-line damage and failure monitoring of rolling element bearings. This paper presents results from an experimental rotor-bearing test rig where quantified damage was induced in the supporting tapered ball bearings. Subsequently the vibration signature due to damage at the inner race of the bearing is examined. Four on-line vibration signature analyzing schemes are used concomitantly: (i) time averaging, (ii) frequency domain analysis, (iii) joint time-frequency analysis (Wigner-Ville and wavelet transforms) and (iv) chaotic vibration analysis (modified Poincare diagrams). The size/level of the damage is corroborated with the vibration amplitude and the resulting relationships are linearized to provide quantification criteria for bearing progressive failure prediction. The results from the above mentioned methodologies are compared for accuracy and redundancy, thus increasing the reliability for early detection of bearing damage and failure. It is shown that the use of the modified Poincare map can provide an effective way for identification and quantification of bearing damage in rolling element bearings.

Ceramics in Rolling Element Bearings

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Bersch ◽  
Philip Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Rolling Elements ◽  
History Of

The feasibility of using hot-pressed silicon nitride (HPSN) for rolling elements and for races in ball bearings and roller bearings has been explored. HPSN offers opportunities to alleviate many current bearing problems including DN and fatigue life limitations, lubricant and cooling system deficiencies, and extreme environment demands. The history of ceramic bearings and the results of various element tests, bearing tests in rigs, and bearing tests in a turbine engine will be reviewed. The advantages and problems associated with the use of HPSN in rolling element bearings will be discussed.

scholarly journals Commissioning of a High Speed Composite Rotor With Hydrostatic Dampers and Ceramic Rolling Element Bearings

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross N. Headifen ◽  
Robert L. Fuller ◽  
Jon R. Kitzmiller
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
Lumped Mass ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
System A ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Full Speed ◽  
Stiffness And Damping

Abstract A high speed (25,000 rpm) routing machine with a 300 lb rotor was designed and manufactured. To accommodate the high shaft speed, 2.6 million DN, rolling element bearings were used with ceramic balls and inner races. In order to control the magnitude of the vibration, damping was incorporated into the system using nonrotating hydrostatic dampers. The journal for the dampers was a cylindrical cartridge that had the rolling element bearings clamped inside of it. Extensive analysis was performed on this system. A computer program was written that could model the orbit path of the lumped mass shaft in the damper over the full speed range. A second program was also written that calculated the damper nonlinear stiffness and damping coefficients, and incorporated them in with a one-dimensional beam, finite element rotordynamics model of the system. Analysis results are presented along with experimental run data from the machine. Balancing problems encountered during commissioning have limited the results to 16,500 rpm to date. The last of which is currently being remedied.

Multi-Objective Robust Optimization of Deep Groove Ball Bearings Considering Manufacturing Tolerances Based on Fatigue and Wear Considerations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Md Saif Ahmad ◽  
Rajiv Tiwari ◽  
Twinkle Mandawat
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Dynamic Capacity ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Manufacturing Tolerances

Abstract In designing any machine element, we need to optimize the design to attain its maximum utilization. Herein deep groove ball bearings has been chosen for optimization. Optimization has been done in such a way that the design is robust so that manufacturing tolerances can be considered in the design. Robust design ensures that changes in design variables due to manufacturing tolerances have minimum effect on the objective function, i.e. its performance. Robustness is achieved by maximizing the mean value of the objective function and minimizing its deviation. For rolling element bearings, its life is one of the most crucial considerations. The rolling bearing rating life depends on dynamic capacity, lubrication conditions, contamination, mounting, lubrication, manufacturing accuracy, material quality, etc. and thus the dynamic capacity and elasto-hydrodynamic minimum film thickness has been taken as objective functions for the current problem. Rolling element bearings have standard boundary dimensions, which include the outer diameter, inner diameter and bearing width for the case of deep groove ball bearings. So the performance can be improved by changing internal dimensions, which are the bearing pitch diameter, ball diameter, the inner and outer raceway groove curvature coefficients and, the number of rolling elements. These five internal geometrical parameters are taken as design variables, moreover five design constraint factors are also included. Thirty-six constraint equations are considered, which are mainly based on geometrical and strength considerations. In the present work, the objective functions are optimized individually (i.e., the single-objective optimization) and then simultaneously (i.e., the multi-objective optimization). NSGA-II (non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm) has been used as the optimization tool. Pareto optimal fronts are obtained for one of the bearings. Out of many points on the Pareto-front, only the knee solutions have been presented in the tables. This work shows that geometrically feasible bearings can be designed by optimizing multiple objective functions simultaneously and also incorporating the variations in dimensions, which occur due to manufacturing tolerance.

Rotor Dynamics in Design of a High Speed Cryogenic Pump for Geo Stationary Launch Vehicles

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasa R. Jammi
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Rotor Dynamics ◽  
Rotor System ◽  
Peak Amplitude ◽  
Beam Model ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
Launch Vehicles ◽  
Critical Speeds ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Rolling Element

On January 5th 2014 the Indian Space Research Organization successfully launched its Geo Stationary Launch Vehicle with an indigenous Cryogenic engine. One of the main design aspects is in its rotor dynamics to predict the peak amplitude unbalance whirl and the speed at which it occurs. This engine has several key technologies, one of them specifically is coupled rotors, viz., Turbine, Hydrogen Pump and Oxidizer supported on seven nonlinear rolling element bearings and several seals all mounted in a flexible casing. The conventional beam model initially adopted failed to predict the speed at which peak unbalance response occurs. The rotor system was first developed in a solid model to determine the critical speeds of the rotor alone considering its 40000 rpm centrifugal loads with bearings treated as linear. Then, unbalance whirl of this rotor system was developed by codes specially developed for this purpose. The rolling element bearings are found to be highly nonlinear with large bearing radial forces at critical speeds. An iterative procedure was developed to match the bearing force and unbalance whirl to determine peak amplitude response speeds. Subsequently, seals and the influence of casing and internal pressures were accounted in the analysis. This paper describes the advanced rotor dynamic design of this pump.

scholarly journals Fatigue Life of High-Speed Ball Bearings With Silicon Nitride Balls

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Parker ◽  
E. V. Zaretsky
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Rolling Element Bearing ◽  
Ball Bearings ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Element Bearing ◽  
Steel Balls

Hot-pressed silicon nitride was evaluated as a rolling-element bearing material. This material has a low specific gravity (41 percent that of bearing steel) and has a potential application as low mass balls for very high-speed ball bearings. The five-ball fatigue tester was used to test 12.7-mm- (0.500-in-) dia silicon nitride balls at maximum Hertz stresses ranging from 4.27 × 109 N/m2 (620,000 psi) to 6.21 × 109 N/m2 (900,000 psi) at a race temperature of 328K (130 deg F). The fatigue life of NC-132 hot-pressed silicon nitride was found to be equal to typical bearing steels and much greater than other ceramic or cermet materials at the same stress levels. A digital computer program was used to predict the fatigue life of 120-mm- bore angular-contact ball bearings containing either steel or silicon nitride balls. The analysis indicates that there is no improvement in the lives of bearings of the same geometry operating at DN values from 2 to 4 million where silicon nitride balls are used in place of steel balls.

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