scholarly journals Anticipated but Unwelcome

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (06) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Airline Industry ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Commercial Airline ◽  
Swing Engine ◽  
Full Swing ◽  
Executive Careers ◽  
Roll Out

This article provides the latest trends in the gas turbines market and their future outlook. The last three years of operation have generated more profit for the commercial airline industry than the previous 30 years combined. That money has led to new orders for commercial aircraft and as a result, production of commercial aviation gas turbines is in full swing. Engine manufacturers such as Pratt&Whitney, Rolls-Royce, General Electric, Safran, and others have taken this surge in orders as an incentive to develop new technology. The launch of a new jet engine by a manufacturer can be a multi-billion dollar effort. Financial projections and executive careers hang on a smooth roll-out of the new technology.

scholarly journals Changing the Game

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (05) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Airline Industry ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Military Aviation ◽  
Electrical Generation ◽  
Future Growth

This article reviews potentially radical advances in gas turbines that came in all shapes and sizes in 2007. Gas turbine production is now a $30 billion industry, one that has been dominated, except for a stretch in the late 1990s, by commercial and military aviation. In its 70-year history, the gas turbine has become one of society’s most important and versatile energy conversion, which is relatively inert. Fuel converted to power through a gas turbine is as kinetic a substance as you can find, and one that can create great wealth. In the $21.8 billion aviation market, nearly 80 percent is for commercial aircraft engines, while the dominance of electrical generation in the $10.5 billion non-aviation market is even greater. New aircraft represents advances for commercial aviation, but commercial jet engines are themselves the key to future growth of the airline industry. While the aviation market has seen steady growth over the past decade or so, the non-aviation market for gas turbines has a noticeable production spike.

scholarly journals Breaking the Barriers

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (05) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Solid Mechanics ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Turbine Component ◽  
Made In

This article explores the new developments in the field of gas turbines and the recent progress that has been made in the industry. The gas turbine industry has had its ups and downs over the past 20 years, but the production of engines for commercial aircraft has become the source for most of its growth of late. Pratt & Whitney’s recent introduction of its new geared turbofan engine is an example of the primacy of engine technology in aviation. Many advances in commercial aviation gas turbine technology are first developed under military contracts, since jet fighters push their engines to the limit. Distributed generation and cogeneration, where the exhaust heat is used directly, are other frontiers for gas turbines. Work in fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and solid mechanics has led to continued advances in compressor and turbine component performance and life. In addition, gas turbine combustion is constantly being improved through chemical and fluid mechanics research.

Case Study II

2009 ◽  
pp. 243-268
Author(s):  
Matthew Guah
Keyword(s):  
Airline Industry ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Commercial Airline ◽  
Selection Factors

VLITP can shift the direction of organizations by introducing new systems and emerging technologies that can serve as a trigger for change to the entire business strategy of an organization. Using VLITP simply for creating new possibilities, new markets, or enabling existing alternatives to be reachable can also trigger much needed change. The implementation of a new technology like RFID implies a direct relationship between business and IT—something that has become of increased importance in the last decade. Airlines are a vital part of the service industry, focusing on the transportation of people, their luggage, and goods from one point to another. RFID brought into the airline industry a system that tracks the location of passengers’ luggage, directly impacting the level of service an airline can provide its customer. RFID introduced new possibilities in luggage handling that are beginning to impact the entire airline industry. In the commercial airline industry, where fiercely competition has been well established, customer satisfaction and service level are important selection factors for passengers. Like its predecessor—the barcode system—RFID tracks luggage and is used to identify which baggage belongs to which customer but using a different technique to do so. RFID, being a lot more accurate then the barcode system, makes the decision by an airline to implement it a move to establish its critical performance indicator.

Fits and Starts: A Current Look at Marine and Industrial Gas Turbine Electric Start Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn McAndrews
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Past History ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
New Production ◽  
Intense Activity ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Electric starter development programs have been the subject of ASME technical papers for over two decades. Offering significant advantages over hydraulic or pneumatic starters, electric starters are now poised to be the preferred choice amongst gas turbine customers. That they are not now the dominant starter in the field after decades of investment and experimentation is attributable to many factors. As with any new technology, progress is often unsteady, depending on budgets, market conditions, customer buy-in, etc. Additionally, technological advances in the parent technologies, in this case electric motors, can abruptly and rapidly change, further disturbing the best laid introduction plans. It is therefore not too surprising that only recently, is the industry beginning to see the deployment of electric starters on production gas turbines. The earliest adoption occurred on smaller gas turbine units, generally less than 10 MW in power. More recently, gas turbines greater than 10 MWs are being sold with electric starters. The authors expect that regardless of their size or fuel supply, most all future gas turbine users will opt for electric starters. This may even include the “larger” frame machines with power greater than 100 MW. Starting with some past history, this paper will not only summarize past development efforts, it will attempt to examine the current deployment of electric starters throughout the marine and industrial gas turbine landscapes. The large-scale acceptance of electric start systems for both new production and retrofit will depend on the favorable cost/benefit assessment when weighing both first cost and life cycle cost. The current and intense activity in electric vehicle applications is giving rise to even more power dense motors. The paper will look at some of these exciting applications, the installed products, and the technologies behind the products. To what extent these new products may serve the needs of the gas turbine community will be the central question this paper attempts to answer.

scholarly journals Critical Parameter Identification for Safety Events in Commercial Aviation Using Machine Learning

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
HyunKi Lee ◽  
Sasha Madar ◽  
Santusht Sairam ◽  
Tejas G. Puranik ◽  
Alexia P. Payan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Flight Operations ◽  
Commercial Airline

In recent years, there has been a rapid growth in the application of data science techniques that leverage aviation data collected from commercial airline operations to improve safety. This paper presents the application of machine learning to improve the understanding of risk factors during flight and their causal chains. With increasing complexity and volume of operations, rapid accumulation and analysis of this safety-related data has the potential to maintain and even lower the low global accident rates in aviation. This paper presents the development of an analytical methodology called Safety Analysis of Flight Events (SAFE) that synthesizes data cleaning, correlation analysis, classification-based supervised learning, and data visualization schema to streamline the isolation of critical parameters and the elimination of tangential factors for safety events in aviation. The SAFE methodology outlines a robust and repeatable framework that is applicable across heterogeneous data sets containing multiple aircraft, airport of operations, and phases of flight. It is demonstrated on Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA) data from a commercial airline through use cases related to three safety events, namely Tire Speed Event, Roll Event, and Landing Distance Event. The application of the SAFE methodology yields a ranked list of critical parameters in line with subject-matter expert conceptions of these events for all three use cases. The work concludes by raising important issues about the compatibility levels of machine learning and human conceptualization of incidents and their precursors, and provides initial guidance for their reconciliation.

Status of Silicon Nitride Component Fabrication Processes, Material Properties, and Applications

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Pollinger
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Hybrid Vehicle ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Ceramic Components

Silicon nitride monolithic structural ceramic components have recently been introduced as production parts in commercial aircraft turbomachinery pump and seal applications to take advantage of their unique thermomechanical properties. Additionally, extensive efforts are in progress to develop, evaluate, and productionize silicon nitride components for commercial aircraft turbomachinery hot sections, industrial power generation turbines, and automotive hybrid vehicle turbogenerators. AlliedSignal Ceramic Components has developed a family of in-situ reinforced silicon nitride materials for these applications and is developing and implementing a suite of component fabrication processes to achieve production-viable manufacturing of complex shaped components, including turbine seals, blades, nozzles, wheels, and combustors. A key focus of the manufacturing process development is the need to achieve low cost fabrication of components in order to meet cost targets required for commercial introduction. Finally, the status and plans for a number of aerospace, industrial, and automotive turbomachinery applications are discussed, including commercial aircraft turbomachinery production components (pump and seal parts) and development components (auxiliary power unit turbine blades and nozzles, and propulsion engine wheels and starter wheels), nozzle, blade, wheel and combustor components for automotive hybrid vehicle turbogenerators, and turbine blades and nozzles for industrial power generation gas turbines.

Future Aero-Engines’ Optimisation for Minimal Operating Costs

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Colmenares ◽  
Daniele Pascovici ◽  
Stephen Ogaji ◽  
Pericles Pilidis ◽  
Alexander Garci´a ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Direct Operating Cost ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Aero Engines ◽  
Bypass Ratio

While aircraft environmental performance has been important since the beginnings of commercial aviation, continuously increasing passenger traffic and a rise in public awareness have made aircraft noise and emissions two of the most pressing issues hampering commercial aviation growth today. The focus of this study is to determine the feasibility of vey-high bypass ratio, geared and contra-rotating aero engines (see figures 2–4) for short range commercial aircraft in terms of economics and environment. This involves optimising the engines’ design point to minimise the direct operating cost and evaluating the economic and environmental impact. The results present a great potential benefit of the geared turbofan compared to high BPR one (baseline) to reduce DOC; however this may involve NOx penalties, that is an increase of 11.6% in comparison to the baseline. The CRTF engine seems to be, at least according to the simulations, a very promising solution in terms of environmental and economical performance. This is one on the series of work that would be carried out using the design tool proposed. Further work on the assessment of more radical turbofans at different economical and environmental scenarios would be published when completed.

scholarly journals The Bluetooth Mesh Standard: An Overview and Experimental Evaluation

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Baert ◽  
Jen Rossey ◽  
Adnan Shahid ◽  
Jeroen Hoebeke
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Path Diversity ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Roll Out ◽  
Open Issues

Mesh networks enable a many-to-many relation between nodes, which means that each node in the network can communicate with every other node using multi-hop communication and path diversity. As it enables the fast roll-out of sensor and actuator networks, it is an important aspect within the Internet of Things (IoT). Utilizing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) as an underlying technology to implement such mesh networks has gained a lot of interest in recent years. The result was a variety of BLE meshing solutions that were not interoperable because of the lack of a common standard. This has changed recently with the advent of the Bluetooth Mesh standard. However, a detailed overview of how this standard operates, performs and how it tackles other issues concerning BLE mesh networking is missing. Therefore, this paper investigates this new technology thoroughly and evaluates its performance by means of three approaches, namely an experimental evaluation, a statistical approach and a graph-based simulation model, which can be used as the basis for future research. Apart from showing that consistent results are achieved by means of all three approaches, we also identify possible drawbacks and open issues that need to be dealt with.

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