Numerical Simulation and Experimental Measurement of Pressure Pulses Produced by a Pulp Screen Foil Rotor

2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Feng ◽  
Jaime Gonzalez ◽  
James A. Olson ◽  
Carl Ollivier-Gooch ◽  
Robert W. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Tangential Velocity ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pressure Pulses ◽  
Naca 0012

Pressure screening is an efficient means of removing various contaminants that degrade the appearance and strength of paper. A critical component of a screen is the rotor, which induces a tangential velocity to the suspension and produces pressure pulses to keep the screen apertures clear. To understand the effect of key design and operating variables for a NACA foil rotor, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation was developed using FLUENT, and the results were compared to experimental measurements. Comparing the pressure pulses obtained through CFD to experimental measurements over a wide range of foil tip speeds, clearances, angles of attack, and foil cambers, general trends of the pressure pulses were similar, but the overall computed values were 40% smaller than the measured values. The pressure pulse peak was found to increase linearly with the square of tip speed for all the angles of attack studied. The maximum magnitudes of negative pressure pulse occurred for the NACA 0012 and 4312 foils at a 5deg angle of attack and for the NACA 8312 foil at 0deg. The stall angle of attack was found to be ∼5deg for NACA 8312, ∼10deg for NACA 4312, and ∼15deg for NACA 0012. The positive pressure peak near the leading edge of the foil was eliminated for foils operating at a positive angle of attack. The magnitude of the negative pressure coefficient peak increased as clearance decreased. Increased camber increases both the magnitude and width of the negative pressure pulse.

Experimental Measurement of Pressure Pulses From a Pulp Screen Rotor

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Delfel ◽  
James Olson ◽  
Carl Ollivier-Gooch ◽  
Phil Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pressure Pulses

Pressure screens are the most industrially effective way to remove contaminants from a pulp stream, improving the strength, smoothness, and optical qualities of both new and recycled paper. Pressure screens are comprised of two main components: a screen cylinder with narrow slots or small holes and a rotor. The main function of the rotor is to prevent the narrow cylinder apertures from becoming plugged by pulp and debris. In this study, the pressure pulses generated by a novel multi-element foil (MEF) and a single-element foil rotor in a pressure screen were measured at various foil configurations, rotor speeds, and flow rates. The experimental measurements were compared to the results from a computational fluid dynamics model (CFD). Experimental measurements showed that increasing both the angle-of-attack and the flap angle of the MEF increases the magnitude of the negative pressure pulse and reduce the magnitude of the maximum pressure pulse generated by the rotor. At the optimum configurations, the MEF was shown to produce a 126% higher magnitude negative pressure pulse and a 39% lower magnitude positive pressure pulse. It was also found that at higher tip speeds the magnitude of the pressure pulse varies with tip speed squared and the non-dimensional pressure coefficient is Reynolds number independent. Similarly, at higher tip speeds increasing the velocity of the flow through the slots had no effect on the pressure pulse generated by the rotor. At lower rotor speeds, however, the dimensionless pressure was increasingly depending on Reynolds number as slot flow velocity was increased. This is likely due to the increase in slot flow velocity causing the onset of flow separation over the foil. Finally, the numerical model was shown to accurately predict the pressure pulses generated by the MEF at low angles-of-attack and flap angles. However, the model predicted that the foil would stall at lower angles than what was shown experimentally. This is probably because the CFD model used a solid wall boundary condition rather than modeling the slots in the cylinder, preventing low momentum fluid from re-entering the domain.

A Numerical Investigation into the Effectiveness of Multi-Element Pressure Screen Rotor Foils

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Delfel ◽  
Carl Ollivier-Gooch ◽  
James Olson
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Past Work

Pressure screening is an efficient way to remove unwanted debris from a pulp stream, which improves the quality of the end product paper. Past work has found that increased foil camber and angle-of-attack improve the performance of pressure screen foil rotors by increasing the magnitude and width of the negative pressure pulse on the screen cylinder while at the same time reducing the magnitude of the positive pressure pulse on the screen cylinder. Too large an angle-of-attack or too much camber leads to separation of the flow over the foil and a loss in rotor performance, however. This study therefore investigates, using computational fluid dynamics, the ability of multi-element rotor foils to delay stall over the foil and improve upon the performance of an existing pressure screen rotor foil. In this study, the effect of foil angle-of-attack, flap angle, the geometry of the trailing edge of the main foil, and the positioning of the flap relative to the main foil were studied. A multi-element foil was developed based on the NACA 8312, a foil used in industrial pressure screen rotors. In general, stall was delayed and a larger angle-of-attack was obtained than the single-element foil, and increased camber was added to the foil by deflecting the flap. Positive pressure pulse on the screen cylinder approached a negligible value with both increasing angle-of-attack and increasing flap angle, while the negative pressure pulse increased in magnitude with both increasing angle-of-attack and flap angle before the foil began to separate and the suction was lost. The x-positioning of the flap was shown to have less of an effect on the foil performance than the y-positioning. All told, the magnitude of the negative pressure pulse was increased by 15% while at the same time eliminating the positive pressure pulse.

Numerical Investigation of Flow Past a Prolate Spheroid

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 904-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Constantinescu ◽  
Hugo Pasinato ◽  
You-Qin Wang ◽  
James R. Forsythe ◽  
Kyle D. Squires
Keyword(s):  
Skin Friction ◽  
Turbulence Model ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Prolate Spheroid ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Axial Pressure ◽  
Streamline Curvature ◽  
Axial Pressure Gradient

The flowfield around a 6:1 prolate spheroid at angle of attack is predicted using solutions of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and detached-eddy simulation (DES). The calculations were performed at a Reynolds number of 4.2×106, the flow is tripped at x/L=0.2, and the angle of attack α is varied from 10 to 20 deg. RANS calculations are performed using the Spalart-Allmaras one-equation model. The influence of corrections to the Spalart-Allmaras model accounting for streamline curvature and a nonlinear constitutive relation are also considered. DES predictions are evaluated against experimental measurements, RANS results, as well as calculations performed without an explicit turbulence model. In general, flowfield predictions of the mean properties from the RANS and DES are similar. Predictions of the axial pressure distribution along the symmetry plane agree well with measured values for 10 deg angle of attack. Changes in the separation characteristics in the aft region alter the axial pressure gradient as the angle of attack increases to 20 deg. With downstream evolution, the wall-flow turning angle becomes more positive, an effect also predicted by the models though the peak-to-peak variation is less than that measured. Azimuthal skin friction variations show the same general trend as the measurements, with a weak minima identifying separation. Corrections for streamline curvature improve prediction of the pressure coefficient in the separated region on the leeward side of the spheroid. While initiated further along the spheroid compared to experimental measurements, predictions of primary and secondary separation agree reasonably well with measured values. Calculations without an explicit turbulence model predict pressure and skin-friction distributions in substantial disagreement with measurements.

scholarly journals PHOTOACOUSTIC GENERATION OF FOCUSED QUASI-UNIPOLAR PRESSURE PULSES

2010 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
KONSTANTIN MASLOV ◽  
HAO F. ZHANG ◽  
LIHONG V. WANG
Keyword(s):  
Energy Deposition ◽  
Acoustic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Focal Region ◽  
Free Boundaries ◽  
Spatial Profile ◽  
Photoacoustic Effect ◽  
Temporal Profile ◽  
Pressure Pulses

The photoacoustic effect was employed to generate short-duration quasi-unipolar acoustic pressure pulses in both planar and spherically focused geometries. In the focal region, the temporal profile of a pressure pulse can be approximated by the first derivative of the temporal profile near the front transducer surface, with a time-averaged value equal to zero. This approximation agreed with experimental results acquired from photoacoustic transducers with both rigid and free boundaries. For a free boundary, the acoustic pressure in the focal region is equal to the sum of a positive pressure that follows the spatial profile of the optical energy deposition in the medium and a negative pressure that follows the temporal profile of the laser pulse.

scholarly journals Aerodynamic analysis of aircraft model using indigenously developed wind tunnel facility

2021 ◽  
Vol 1206 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
D Makhija ◽  
S V Jain ◽  
A M Achari ◽  
K Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Lift Force ◽  
Lift Coefficient ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
Number Range ◽  
Aircraft Model ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract This paper presents a design of force balance setup that can measure lift force acting on the aircraft model. The setup was developed indigenously and installed in an open circuit low-speed wind tunnel. It mainly consists of two components viz. a traverse mechanism that can hold the model in the test section at different angles of attack and air speeds and a supporting frame to hold the traverse mechanism over it. The spring balances are used to obtain lift force readings at different angles and air speeds. The experimental and numerical investigations were done in the wide range of Reynolds number (range: 0.55 to 1.12 lakh) and angle of attack (range: -6° to 20°). The results are presented in terms of pressure contours, velocity contours, pressure coefficient and lift coefficient. From the experiments it was found that value of lift coefficient increases with angle of attack and stalling occurs at 18° for all the air speeds. However, in the numerical results the stalling was observed little earlier than 18° angle of attack. The experimental results were compared with CFD results and an average relative error of 18% was observed which may be due to assumption of 2-D airfoil in CFD analysis.

scholarly journals Soft-drop grooming for hadronic event shapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Baron ◽  
Daniel Reichelt ◽  
Steffen Schumann ◽  
Niklas Schwanemann ◽  
Vincent Theeuwes
Keyword(s):  
Event Generator ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Event Shape ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
Underlying Event ◽  
Hadronic Event ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Event Shapes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Perturbative Corrections

Abstract Soft-drop grooming of hadron-collision final states has the potential to significantly reduce the impact of non-perturbative corrections, and in particular the underlying-event contribution. This eventually will enable a more direct comparison of accurate perturbative predictions with experimental measurements. In this study we consider soft-drop groomed dijet event shapes. We derive general results needed to perform the resummation of suitable event-shape variables to next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) accuracy matched to exact next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD matrix elements. We compile predictions for the transverse-thrust shape accurate to NLO + NLL′ using the implementation of the Caesar formalism in the Sherpa event generator framework. We complement this by state-of-the-art parton- and hadron-level predictions based on NLO QCD matrix elements matched with parton showers. We explore the potential to mitigate non-perturbative corrections for particle-level and track-based measurements of transverse thrust by considering a wide range of soft-drop parameters. We find that soft-drop grooming indeed is very efficient in removing the underlying event. This motivates future experimental measurements to be compared to precise QCD predictions and employed to constrain non-perturbative models in Monte-Carlo simulations.

scholarly journals Negative Pressure Provides Simple and Stable Droplet Generation in a Flow-Focusing Microfluidic Device

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Nikita A. Filatov ◽  
Anatoly A. Evstrapov ◽  
Anton S. Bukatin
Keyword(s):  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Droplet Microfluidics ◽  
Droplet Generation ◽  
Electric Signal ◽  
Absolute Pressure ◽  
Flow Focusing ◽  
Wide Range

Droplet microfluidics is an extremely useful and powerful tool for industrial, environmental, and biotechnological applications, due to advantages such as the small volume of reagents required, ultrahigh-throughput, precise control, and independent manipulations of each droplet. For the generation of monodisperse water-in-oil droplets, usually T-junction and flow-focusing microfluidic devices connected to syringe pumps or pressure controllers are used. Here, we investigated droplet-generation regimes in a flow-focusing microfluidic device induced by the negative pressure in the outlet reservoir, generated by a low-cost mini diaphragm vacuum pump. During the study, we compared two ways of adjusting the negative pressure using a compact electro-pneumatic regulator and a manual airflow control valve. The results showed that both types of regulators are suitable for the stable generation of monodisperse droplets for at least 4 h, with variations in diameter less than 1 µm. Droplet diameters at high levels of negative pressure were mainly determined by the hydrodynamic resistances of the inlet microchannels, although the absolute pressure value defined the generation frequency; however, the electro-pneumatic regulator is preferable and convenient for the accurate control of the pressure by an external electric signal, providing more stable pressure, and a wide range of droplet diameters and generation frequencies. The method of droplet generation suggested here is a simple, stable, reliable, and portable way of high-throughput production of relatively large volumes of monodisperse emulsions for biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Comparative investigations in the effect of angle of attack profile on hydrodynamic performance of bio-inspired foil, (corrected)

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Esfahani ◽  
E. Barati ◽  
Hamid Reza Karbasian
Keyword(s):  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Hydrodynamic Performance ◽  
Profile Function ◽  
Flapping Foil ◽  
Propulsive Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effective Angle ◽  
Thrust Production ◽  
Optimum Profile

In flapping underwater vehicles the propulsive performance of harmonically sinusoidal heaving and pitching foil will be degraded by some awkward changes in effective angle of attack profile, as the Strouhal number increases. This paper surveys different angle of attack profiles (Sinusoidal, Square, Sawtooth and Cosine) and considers their thrust production ability. In the wide range of Strouhal numbers, thrust production of Square profile is considerable but it has a discontinuity in heave velocity profile, in which an infinite acceleration exists. This problem poses a significant defect in control of flapping foil. A novel profile function is proposed to omit sharp changes in heave velocity and acceleration. Furthermore, an optimum profile is found for different Strouhal numbers with respect to Square angle of attack profile.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v10i2.14229

Study of Toynbee Phenomenon by Combined Intranasopharyngeal and Tympanometric Measurements

1988 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehuda Finkelstein ◽  
Yuval Zohar ◽  
Yoav P. Talmi ◽  
Nelu Laurian
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
New Information ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Rapid Pressure

The Toynbee maneuver, swallowing when the nose is obstructed, leads in most cases to pressure changes in one or both middle ears, resulting in a sensation of fullness. Since first described, many varying and contradictory comments have been reported in the literature concerning the type and amount of pressure changes both in the nasopharynx and in the middle ear. In our study, the pressure changes were determined by catheters placed into the nasopharynx and repeated tympanometric measurements. New information concerning the rapid pressure variations in the nasopharynx and middle ear during deglutition with an obstructed nose was obtained. Typical individual nasopharyngeal pressure change patterns were recorded, ranging from a maximal positive pressure of + 450 to a negative pressure as low as −320 mm H2O.

scholarly journals Influence of Pile Diameter and Aspect Ratio on the Lateral Response of Monopiles in Sand with Different Relative Densties

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
Lizhong Wang ◽  
Yi Hong ◽  
Amin Askarinejad ◽  
Ben He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Pile Diameter ◽  
Centrifuge Tests ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Wide Range

The large-diameter monopiles are the most preferred foundation used in offshore wind farms. However, the influence of pile diameter and aspect ratio on the lateral bearing behavior of monopiles in sand with different relative densities has not been systematically studied. This study presents a series of well-calibrated finite-element (FE) analyses using an advanced state dependent constitutive model. The FE model was first validated against the centrifuge tests on the large-diameter monopiles. Parametric studies were performed on rigid piles with different diameters (D = 4–10 m) and aspect ratios (L/D = 3–7.5) under a wide range of loading heights (e = 5–100 m) in sands with different relative densities (Dr = 40%, 65%, 80%). The API and PISA p-y models were systematically compared and evaluated against the FE simulation results. The numerical results revealed a rigid rotation failure mechanism of the rigid pile, which is independent of pile diameter and aspect ratio. The computed soil pressure coefficient (K = p/Dσ′v) of different diameter piles at same rotation is a function of z/L (z is depth) rather than z/D. The force–moment diagrams at different deflections were quantified in sands of different relative density. Based on the observed pile–soil interaction mechanism, a simple design model was proposed to calculate the combined capacity of rigid piles.

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