Economic and Scenario Analyses of New Gas Turbine Combined Cycles With No Emissions of Carbon Dioxide

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gabbrielli ◽  
R. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
O2 Production ◽  
No Emissions

In this paper economic and scenario analyses of new gas turbine combined cycles with no emissions of carbon dioxide CO2 and nitrogen oxides are described. The cycles, already presented in a recent paper (ASME GT 2002-30117), have water/steam as a working fluid, the compression phase both in liquid and vapor phase, the internal combustion between pure oxygen O2 and chemically heated natural gas-based syngas, and the CO2 capture and sequestration by water condensation from the exhaust gas. The aim of the economic analyses is to estimate the investment per MW and the levelized discounted cost of the electricity (COE) produced by a power plant based on the cycles proposed here in comparison with a standard reference combined cycle power plant (SRCC). To evaluate the equipment costs, several cost functions of the most important operative parameters have been introduced and tuned with the actual data. Using the least square regression technique, explicit functions of the COE have been proposed to highlight the cheapest operative conditions with a derivative approach. Moreover, a wide scenario analysis has been carried out, varying the most important investment parameters, as, for example, the discount rate. In particular, some maps of the COE and break-even carbon tax (BECT) behavior have been constructed to test the importance of the market uncertainty on the economic results obtained. Finally, the possible technological progress effect on the BECT with a cost reduction of some innovative equipment and the O2 production has been investigated in depth with the 2k factorial design scenario analysis. The O2 production has resulted as the most important parameter from an economic point of view.

Economic and Scenario Analyses of New Gas Turbine Combined Cycles With No Emissions of Carbon Dioxide

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gabbrielli ◽  
R. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
O2 Production ◽  
No Emissions

In this paper economic and scenario analyses of new gas turbine combined cycles with no emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides are described. The cycles, already presented in a recent paper (ASME GT 2002-30117), have water/steam as working fluid, the compression phase both in liquid and vapour phase, the internal combustion between pure oxygen (O2) and chemically heated natural gas-based syngas, and the CO2 capture and sequestration by water condensation from the exhaust gas. The aim of the economic analyses is to estimate the investment per MW and the levelized discounted cost of the electricity (COE) produced by a power plant based on the cycles here proposed in comparison with a standard reference combined cycle power plant (SRCC). To evaluate the equipment costs, several cost functions of the most important operative parameters have been introduced and tuned with actual data. Using the least square regression technique, explicit functions of the COE have been proposed to highlight the cheapest operative conditions with a derivative approach. Moreover, a wide scenario analysis has been carried out, varying the most important investment parameters, as, for example, the discount rate. In particular, some maps of the COE and break-even carbon tax (BECT) behaviour have been constructed to test the importance of the market uncertainty on the economic results obtained. Finally, the possible technological progress effect on the BECT with a cost reduction of some innovative equipment and the O2 production has been investigated in depth with the 2k factorial design scenario analysis. The O2 production has resulted the most important parameter from the economic point of view.

Thermodynamic Performance Analysis of New Gas Turbine Combined Cycles With No Emissions of Carbon Dioxide

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gabbrielli ◽  
R. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
Thermodynamic Performance ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
No Emissions

In the context of the reduction of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as prescribed by the Kyoto protocol, this paper describes a thermodynamic performance analysis of new gas turbine combined cycles with no emissions of CO2 and nitrogen oxides. Three new similar cycles belonging to the same typology are proposed. These cycles use water/steam as working fluid, which is compressed in liquid and vapour phase, and the internal combustion process, which takes place between syngas and pure oxygen. The top Brayton cycle and the bottom Rankine cycle are integrated together. The syngas is produced by steam-natural gas reforming with internal chemical heat recovery. The CO2 produced in the combustion is captured simply by water condensation from the exhaust gas and liquefied to be stored. A simulation analysis has been performed to evaluate the net efficiency and the net specific work of the cycles. Varying the most important operative variables and using the least square regression and 2k factorial design techniques, a very large sensitivity analysis has permitted to highlight the performance behaviour of the cycles. Including the energy penalty due to the liquefaction of CO2 and to the oxygen production and adopting standard operative conditions, the LHV-based net efficiency and the net specific work may exceed 50% and 1000 kJ/kg, respectively.

Thermodynamic Performance Analysis of New Gas Turbine Combined Cycles With No Emissions of Carbon Dioxide

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 940-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gabbrielli ◽  
R. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
Thermodynamic Performance ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
No Emissions

In the context of the reduction of the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions as prescribed by the Kyoto protocol, this paper describes a thermodynamic performance analysis of new gas turbine combined cycles with no emissions of CO2 and nitrogen oxides. Three new similar cycles belonging to the same typology are proposed. These cycles use water/steam as working fluid, which is compressed in liquid and vapor phase, and the internal combustion process, which takes place between syngas and pure oxygen. The top Brayton cycle and the bottom Rankine cycle are integrated together. The syngas is produced by steam-natural gas reforming with internal chemical heat recovery. The CO2 produced in the combustion is captured simply by water condensation from the exhaust gas and liquefied to be stored. A simulation analysis has been performed to evaluate the net efficiency and the net specific work of the cycles. Varying the most important operative variables and using the least-square regression and 2k factorial design techniques, a very large sensitivity analysis has permitted the highlighting of performance behavior of the cycles. Including the energy penalty due to the liquefaction of CO2 and to the oxygen production and adopting standard operative conditions, the LHV-based net efficiency and the net specific work may exceed 50% and 1000 kJ/kg, respectively.

Analysis of Intermediate Temperature Combined Cycles With a Carbon Dioxide Topping Cycle

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chacartegui ◽  
D. Sa´nchez ◽  
F. Jime´nez-Espadafor ◽  
A. Mun˜oz ◽  
T. Sa´nchez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Topping Cycle

The development of high efficiency solar power plants based on gas turbine technology presents two problems, both of them directly associated with the solar power plant receiver design and the power plant size: lower turbine intake temperature and higher pressure drops in heat exchangers than in a conventional gas turbine. To partially solve these problems, different configurations of combined cycles composed of a closed cycle carbon dioxide gas turbine as topping cycle have been analyzed. The main advantage of the Brayton carbon dioxide cycle is its high net shaft work to expansion work ratio, in the range of 0.7–0.85 at supercritical compressor intake pressures, which is very close to that of the Rankine cycle. This feature will reduce the negative effects of pressure drops and will be also very interesting for cycles with moderate turbine inlet temperature (800–1000 K). Intercooling and reheat options are also considered. Furthermore, different working fluids have been analyzed for the bottoming cycle, seeking the best performance of the combined cycle in the ranges of temperatures considered.

scholarly journals Design of a Semiclosed Cycle Gas Turbine With Carbon Dioxide-Argon as Working Fluid

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inaki Ulizar ◽  
Pericles Pilidis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Optimum Pressure ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Nozzle Guide ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
No Emissions

The main performance features of a semiclosed cycle gas turbine with carbon dioxide-argon working fluid are described here. This machine is designed to employ coal synthetic gas fuel and to produce no emissions. The present paper outlines three tasks carried out. Firstly the selection of main engine variables, mainly pressure and temperature ratios. Then a sizing exercise is carried out where many details of its physical appearance are outlined. Finally the off-design performance of the engine is predicted. This two spool gas turbine is purpose built for the working fluid, so its physical characteristics reflect this requirement. The cycle is designed with a turbine entry temperature of 1650 K and the optimum pressure ratio is found to be around 60. Two major alternatives are examined, the simple and the precooled cycle. A large amount of nitrogen is produced by the air separation plant associated with this gas turbine and the coal gasifier. An investigation has been made on how to use this nitrogen to improve the performance of the engine by precooling the compressor, cooling the turbine nozzle guide vanes and using it to cool the delivery of the low pressure compressor. The efficiencies of the whole plant have been computed, taking into account the energy requirements of the gasifier and the need to dispose of the excess carbon dioxide. Hence the overall efficiencies indicated here are of the order of 40 percent. This is a low efficiency by current standards, but the fuel employed is coal and no emissions are produced.

Design of a Semiclosed-Cycle Gas Turbine With Carbon Dioxide–Argon as Working Fluid

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ulizar ◽  
P. Pilidis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Optimum Pressure ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Nozzle Guide ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
No Emissions

The main performance features of a semiclosed-cycle gas turbine with carbon dioxide–argon working fluid are described here. This machine is designed to employ coal synthetic gas fuel and to produce no emissions. The present paper outlines three tasks carried out. First, the selection of main engine variables, mainly pressure and temperature ratios. Then a sizing exercise is carried out where many details of its physical appearance are outlined. Finally the off-design performance of the engine is predicted. This two-spool gas turbine is purpose built for the working fluid, so its physical characteristics reflect this requirement. The cycle is designed with a turbine entry temperature of 1650 K and the optimum pressure ratio is found to be around 60. Two major alternatives are examined, the simple and the precooled cycle. A large amount of nitrogen is produced by the air separation plant associated with this gas turbine and the coal gasifier. An investigation has been made on how to use this nitrogen to improve the performance of the engine by precooling the compressor, cooling the turbine nozzle guide vanes, and using it to cool the delivery of the low-pressure compressor. The efficiencies of the whole plant have been computed, taking into account the energy requirements of the gasifier and the need to dispose of the excess carbon dioxide. Hence the overall efficiencies indicated here are of the order of 40 percent. This is a low efficiency by current standards, but the fuel employed is coal and no emissions are produced.

Thermal Steam Power Plant Fired by Hydrogen and Oxygen in Stoichiometric Ratio, Using Fuel Cells and Gas Turbine Cycle Components

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jericha ◽  
V. Hacker ◽  
W. Sanz ◽  
G. Zotter
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Storage Tanks

This proposal fully complies to the demands of a zero emission power plant since only hydrogen and oxygen as obtained from splitting water are provided as fuel in a working gas cycle of pure water. Distributed power plants based on solar radiation, solar heat, wind power and water power from river flow, tidal flow and even wave motion should drive electrolysers producing hydrogen and oxygen. The units are connected with a pipeline system delivering hydrogen and oxygen at high pressure into respective storage tanks in the vicinity of the proposed power plant. So periods of generation of hydrogen and oxygen can overlap and these fuel gases are available to produce peak power according to demand. The proposed plant is an hybrid plant incorporating SOFC fuel cells into an innovative power cycle with steam as working fluid. Twelve fuel cells of 2.5 MW power produce electricity and heat up working fluid from 600 to 800°C. In a succeeding combustion chamber the fuel cell surplus hydrogen as well as the gas turbine hydrogen demand is burned with pure oxygen leading to a working gas (steam) of 1550°C and 40 bar. The working gas is expanded in an innovative cycle producing additional 109 MW of electrical energy. So an overall output of 139 MW can be achieved with a thermal efficiency of 73.8% based on fuel taken from the storage tanks for hydrogen and oxygen at 60 bar.

Multi-Fluid Gas Turbine Components Scaling for a Generation IV Nuclear Power Plant Performance Simulation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel O. Osigwe ◽  
Arnold Gad-Briggs ◽  
Theoklis Nikolaidis ◽  
Pericles Pilidis ◽  
Suresh Sampath
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Working Fluids ◽  
Component Map

One major challenge to the accurate development of performance simulation tool for component-based nuclear power plant engine models is the difficulty in accessing component performance maps; hence, researchers or engineers often rely on estimation approach using various scaling techniques. This paper describes a multi-fluid scaling approach used to determine the component characteristics of a closed-cycle gas turbine plant from an existing component map with their design data, which can be applied for different working fluids as may be required in closed-cycle gas turbine operations to adapt data from one component map into a new component map. Each component operation is defined by an appropriate change of state equations which describes its thermodynamic behavior, thus, a consideration of the working fluid properties is of high relevance to the scaling approach. The multi-fluid scaling technique described in this paper was used to develop a computer simulation tool called GT-ACYSS, which can be valuable for analyzing the performance of closed-cycle gas turbine operations with different working fluids. This approach makes it easy to theoretically scale existing map using similar or different working fluids without carrying out a full experimental test or repeating the whole design and development process. The results of selected case studies show a reasonable agreement with available data.

Optimization of Advanced Liquid Natural Gas-Fuelled Combined Cycle Machinery Systems for a High-Speed Ferry

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Anne Tveitaskog ◽  
Fredrik Haglind
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Pressure Steam ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Liquid Natural Gas ◽  
Steam Cycle

This paper is aimed at designing and optimizing combined cycles for marine applications. For this purpose, an in-house numerical simulation tool called DNA (Dynamic Network Analysis) and a genetic algorithm-based optimization routine are used. The top cycle is modeled as the aero-derivative gas turbine LM2500, while four options for bottoming cycles are modeled. Firstly, a single pressure steam cycle, secondly a dual-pressure steam cycle, thirdly an ORC using toluene as the working fluid and an intermediate oil loop as the heat carrier, and lastly an ABC with inter-cooling are modeled. Furthermore, practical and operational aspects of using these three machinery systems for a high-speed ferry are discussed. Two scenarios are evaluated. The first scenario evaluates the combined cycles with a given power requirement, optimizing the combined cycle while operating the gas turbine at part load. The second scenario evaluates the combined cycle with the gas turbine operated at full load. For the first scenario, the results suggest that the thermal efficiencies of the combined gas and steam cycles are 46.3% and 48.2% for the single pressure and dual pressure steam cycles, respectively. The gas ORC and gas ABC combined cycles obtained thermal efficiencies of 45.6% and 41.9%, respectively. For the second scenario, the results suggest that the thermal efficiencies of the combined gas and steam cycles are 53.5% and 55.3% for the single pressure and dual pressure steam cycles, respectively. The gas ORC and gas ABC combined cycles obtained thermal efficiencies of 51.0% and 47.8%, respectively.

scholarly journals The Design of Turbomachinery for the Gas Turbine (Direct Cycle) High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor Power Plant

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Adams ◽  
F. H. Boenig
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Reactor Power ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Primary Coolant ◽  
Reactor Power Plant ◽  
Direct Cycle ◽  
High Temperature Gas

The Gas Turbine HTGR, or “Direct Cycle” High-Temperature Gas-Cooled, Reactor power plant, uses a closed-cycle gas turbine directly in the primary coolant circuit of a helium-cooled high-temperature nuclear reactor. Previous papers have described configuration studies leading to the selection of reactor and power conversion loop layout, and the considerations affecting the design of the components of the power conversion loop. This paper discusses briefly the effects of the helium working fluid and the reactor cooling loop environment on the design requirements of the direct-cycle turbomachinery and describes the mechanical arrangement of a typical turbomachine for this application. The aerodynamic design is outlined, and the mechanical design is described in some detail, with particular emphasis on the bearings and seals for the turbomachine.

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