Thermodynamic Performance Analysis of New Gas Turbine Combined Cycles With No Emissions of Carbon Dioxide

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 940-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gabbrielli ◽  
R. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
Thermodynamic Performance ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
No Emissions

In the context of the reduction of the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions as prescribed by the Kyoto protocol, this paper describes a thermodynamic performance analysis of new gas turbine combined cycles with no emissions of CO2 and nitrogen oxides. Three new similar cycles belonging to the same typology are proposed. These cycles use water/steam as working fluid, which is compressed in liquid and vapor phase, and the internal combustion process, which takes place between syngas and pure oxygen. The top Brayton cycle and the bottom Rankine cycle are integrated together. The syngas is produced by steam-natural gas reforming with internal chemical heat recovery. The CO2 produced in the combustion is captured simply by water condensation from the exhaust gas and liquefied to be stored. A simulation analysis has been performed to evaluate the net efficiency and the net specific work of the cycles. Varying the most important operative variables and using the least-square regression and 2k factorial design techniques, a very large sensitivity analysis has permitted the highlighting of performance behavior of the cycles. Including the energy penalty due to the liquefaction of CO2 and to the oxygen production and adopting standard operative conditions, the LHV-based net efficiency and the net specific work may exceed 50% and 1000 kJ/kg, respectively.

Thermodynamic Performance Analysis of New Gas Turbine Combined Cycles With No Emissions of Carbon Dioxide

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gabbrielli ◽  
R. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
Thermodynamic Performance ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
No Emissions

In the context of the reduction of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as prescribed by the Kyoto protocol, this paper describes a thermodynamic performance analysis of new gas turbine combined cycles with no emissions of CO2 and nitrogen oxides. Three new similar cycles belonging to the same typology are proposed. These cycles use water/steam as working fluid, which is compressed in liquid and vapour phase, and the internal combustion process, which takes place between syngas and pure oxygen. The top Brayton cycle and the bottom Rankine cycle are integrated together. The syngas is produced by steam-natural gas reforming with internal chemical heat recovery. The CO2 produced in the combustion is captured simply by water condensation from the exhaust gas and liquefied to be stored. A simulation analysis has been performed to evaluate the net efficiency and the net specific work of the cycles. Varying the most important operative variables and using the least square regression and 2k factorial design techniques, a very large sensitivity analysis has permitted to highlight the performance behaviour of the cycles. Including the energy penalty due to the liquefaction of CO2 and to the oxygen production and adopting standard operative conditions, the LHV-based net efficiency and the net specific work may exceed 50% and 1000 kJ/kg, respectively.

Economic and Scenario Analyses of New Gas Turbine Combined Cycles With No Emissions of Carbon Dioxide

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gabbrielli ◽  
R. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
O2 Production ◽  
No Emissions

In this paper economic and scenario analyses of new gas turbine combined cycles with no emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides are described. The cycles, already presented in a recent paper (ASME GT 2002-30117), have water/steam as working fluid, the compression phase both in liquid and vapour phase, the internal combustion between pure oxygen (O2) and chemically heated natural gas-based syngas, and the CO2 capture and sequestration by water condensation from the exhaust gas. The aim of the economic analyses is to estimate the investment per MW and the levelized discounted cost of the electricity (COE) produced by a power plant based on the cycles here proposed in comparison with a standard reference combined cycle power plant (SRCC). To evaluate the equipment costs, several cost functions of the most important operative parameters have been introduced and tuned with actual data. Using the least square regression technique, explicit functions of the COE have been proposed to highlight the cheapest operative conditions with a derivative approach. Moreover, a wide scenario analysis has been carried out, varying the most important investment parameters, as, for example, the discount rate. In particular, some maps of the COE and break-even carbon tax (BECT) behaviour have been constructed to test the importance of the market uncertainty on the economic results obtained. Finally, the possible technological progress effect on the BECT with a cost reduction of some innovative equipment and the O2 production has been investigated in depth with the 2k factorial design scenario analysis. The O2 production has resulted the most important parameter from the economic point of view.

Economic and Scenario Analyses of New Gas Turbine Combined Cycles With No Emissions of Carbon Dioxide

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gabbrielli ◽  
R. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
O2 Production ◽  
No Emissions

In this paper economic and scenario analyses of new gas turbine combined cycles with no emissions of carbon dioxide CO2 and nitrogen oxides are described. The cycles, already presented in a recent paper (ASME GT 2002-30117), have water/steam as a working fluid, the compression phase both in liquid and vapor phase, the internal combustion between pure oxygen O2 and chemically heated natural gas-based syngas, and the CO2 capture and sequestration by water condensation from the exhaust gas. The aim of the economic analyses is to estimate the investment per MW and the levelized discounted cost of the electricity (COE) produced by a power plant based on the cycles proposed here in comparison with a standard reference combined cycle power plant (SRCC). To evaluate the equipment costs, several cost functions of the most important operative parameters have been introduced and tuned with the actual data. Using the least square regression technique, explicit functions of the COE have been proposed to highlight the cheapest operative conditions with a derivative approach. Moreover, a wide scenario analysis has been carried out, varying the most important investment parameters, as, for example, the discount rate. In particular, some maps of the COE and break-even carbon tax (BECT) behavior have been constructed to test the importance of the market uncertainty on the economic results obtained. Finally, the possible technological progress effect on the BECT with a cost reduction of some innovative equipment and the O2 production has been investigated in depth with the 2k factorial design scenario analysis. The O2 production has resulted as the most important parameter from an economic point of view.

scholarly journals Design of a Semiclosed Cycle Gas Turbine With Carbon Dioxide-Argon as Working Fluid

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inaki Ulizar ◽  
Pericles Pilidis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Optimum Pressure ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Nozzle Guide ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
No Emissions

The main performance features of a semiclosed cycle gas turbine with carbon dioxide-argon working fluid are described here. This machine is designed to employ coal synthetic gas fuel and to produce no emissions. The present paper outlines three tasks carried out. Firstly the selection of main engine variables, mainly pressure and temperature ratios. Then a sizing exercise is carried out where many details of its physical appearance are outlined. Finally the off-design performance of the engine is predicted. This two spool gas turbine is purpose built for the working fluid, so its physical characteristics reflect this requirement. The cycle is designed with a turbine entry temperature of 1650 K and the optimum pressure ratio is found to be around 60. Two major alternatives are examined, the simple and the precooled cycle. A large amount of nitrogen is produced by the air separation plant associated with this gas turbine and the coal gasifier. An investigation has been made on how to use this nitrogen to improve the performance of the engine by precooling the compressor, cooling the turbine nozzle guide vanes and using it to cool the delivery of the low pressure compressor. The efficiencies of the whole plant have been computed, taking into account the energy requirements of the gasifier and the need to dispose of the excess carbon dioxide. Hence the overall efficiencies indicated here are of the order of 40 percent. This is a low efficiency by current standards, but the fuel employed is coal and no emissions are produced.

Design of a Semiclosed-Cycle Gas Turbine With Carbon Dioxide–Argon as Working Fluid

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ulizar ◽  
P. Pilidis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Optimum Pressure ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Nozzle Guide ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
No Emissions

The main performance features of a semiclosed-cycle gas turbine with carbon dioxide–argon working fluid are described here. This machine is designed to employ coal synthetic gas fuel and to produce no emissions. The present paper outlines three tasks carried out. First, the selection of main engine variables, mainly pressure and temperature ratios. Then a sizing exercise is carried out where many details of its physical appearance are outlined. Finally the off-design performance of the engine is predicted. This two-spool gas turbine is purpose built for the working fluid, so its physical characteristics reflect this requirement. The cycle is designed with a turbine entry temperature of 1650 K and the optimum pressure ratio is found to be around 60. Two major alternatives are examined, the simple and the precooled cycle. A large amount of nitrogen is produced by the air separation plant associated with this gas turbine and the coal gasifier. An investigation has been made on how to use this nitrogen to improve the performance of the engine by precooling the compressor, cooling the turbine nozzle guide vanes, and using it to cool the delivery of the low-pressure compressor. The efficiencies of the whole plant have been computed, taking into account the energy requirements of the gasifier and the need to dispose of the excess carbon dioxide. Hence the overall efficiencies indicated here are of the order of 40 percent. This is a low efficiency by current standards, but the fuel employed is coal and no emissions are produced.

Optimization of Advanced Liquid Natural Gas-Fuelled Combined Cycle Machinery Systems for a High-Speed Ferry

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Anne Tveitaskog ◽  
Fredrik Haglind
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Pressure Steam ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Liquid Natural Gas ◽  
Steam Cycle

This paper is aimed at designing and optimizing combined cycles for marine applications. For this purpose, an in-house numerical simulation tool called DNA (Dynamic Network Analysis) and a genetic algorithm-based optimization routine are used. The top cycle is modeled as the aero-derivative gas turbine LM2500, while four options for bottoming cycles are modeled. Firstly, a single pressure steam cycle, secondly a dual-pressure steam cycle, thirdly an ORC using toluene as the working fluid and an intermediate oil loop as the heat carrier, and lastly an ABC with inter-cooling are modeled. Furthermore, practical and operational aspects of using these three machinery systems for a high-speed ferry are discussed. Two scenarios are evaluated. The first scenario evaluates the combined cycles with a given power requirement, optimizing the combined cycle while operating the gas turbine at part load. The second scenario evaluates the combined cycle with the gas turbine operated at full load. For the first scenario, the results suggest that the thermal efficiencies of the combined gas and steam cycles are 46.3% and 48.2% for the single pressure and dual pressure steam cycles, respectively. The gas ORC and gas ABC combined cycles obtained thermal efficiencies of 45.6% and 41.9%, respectively. For the second scenario, the results suggest that the thermal efficiencies of the combined gas and steam cycles are 53.5% and 55.3% for the single pressure and dual pressure steam cycles, respectively. The gas ORC and gas ABC combined cycles obtained thermal efficiencies of 51.0% and 47.8%, respectively.

Analysis of Intermediate Temperature Combined Cycles With a Carbon Dioxide Topping Cycle

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chacartegui ◽  
D. Sa´nchez ◽  
F. Jime´nez-Espadafor ◽  
A. Mun˜oz ◽  
T. Sa´nchez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Topping Cycle

The development of high efficiency solar power plants based on gas turbine technology presents two problems, both of them directly associated with the solar power plant receiver design and the power plant size: lower turbine intake temperature and higher pressure drops in heat exchangers than in a conventional gas turbine. To partially solve these problems, different configurations of combined cycles composed of a closed cycle carbon dioxide gas turbine as topping cycle have been analyzed. The main advantage of the Brayton carbon dioxide cycle is its high net shaft work to expansion work ratio, in the range of 0.7–0.85 at supercritical compressor intake pressures, which is very close to that of the Rankine cycle. This feature will reduce the negative effects of pressure drops and will be also very interesting for cycles with moderate turbine inlet temperature (800–1000 K). Intercooling and reheat options are also considered. Furthermore, different working fluids have been analyzed for the bottoming cycle, seeking the best performance of the combined cycle in the ranges of temperatures considered.

A Systematic Comparison and Multi-Objective Optimization of Humid Power Cycles—Part I: Thermodynamics

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Kavanagh ◽  
G. T. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
The Impact

The steam injected gas turbine (STIG), humid air turbine (HAT), and TOP Humid Air Turbine (TOPHAT) cycles lie at the center of the debate on which humid power cycle will deliver optimal performance when applied to an aeroderivative gas turbine and, indeed, when such cycles will be implemented. Of these humid cycles, it has been claimed that the TOPHAT cycle has the highest efficiency and specific work, followed closely by the HAT, and then the STIG cycle. In this study, the systems have been simulated using consistent thermodynamic and economic models for the components and working fluid properties, allowing a consistent and nonbiased appraisal of these systems. Part I of these two papers focuses purely on the thermodynamic performance and the impact of the system parameters on the performance; Part II will study the economic performance. The three humid power systems and up to ten system parameters are optimized using a multi-objective Tabu Search algorithm, developed in the Cambridge Engineering Design Centre.

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