General Framework of Optimal Tool Trajectory Planning for Free-Form Surfaces in Surface Manufacturing

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heping Chen ◽  
Ning Xi ◽  
Weihua Sheng ◽  
Yifan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Planning ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Spray Forming ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Tool Trajectory ◽  
Free Form Surfaces ◽  
The Given

Surface manufacturing is a process of adding material to or removing material from the surfaces of a part. Spray painting, spray forming, rapid tooling, spray coating, and polishing are some of the typical applications of surface manufacturing, where industrial robots are usually used. Tool planning for industrial robots in surface manufacturing is a challenging research topic. Typical teaching methods are not affordable any more because products are subject to a shorter product life, frequent design changes, small lot sizes, and small in-process inventory restrictions. An automatic tool trajectory planning process is hence desirable for tool trajectory planning of industrial robots. Based on the computer-aided design model of a part, the tool model, task constraints, and optimization criteria, a general framework of optimal tool trajectory planning in surface manufacturing is developed. Optimal tool trajectories are generated by approximately solving a multiobjective optimization problem. To test if the generated trajectory satisfies the given constraints, a trajectory verification model is developed. Simulations are performed to determine if the given constraints are satisfied. Simulation results show that the optimal tool trajectory planning framework can be applied to generate trajectories for a variety of applications in surface manufacturing. This general framework can also be extended to other applications such as dimensional inspection and demining.

Automatic Generation of Anisotropic Patterns of Geometric Features for Industrial Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Andrade ◽  
Ved Vyas ◽  
Kenji Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Industrial Design ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Geometric Features ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Metric Tensor ◽  
Target Region ◽  
Free Form Surfaces

While modern computer aided design (CAD) systems currently offer tools for generating simple patterns, such as uniformly spaced rectangular or radial patterns, these tools are limited in several ways: (1) They cannot be applied to free-form geometries used in industrial design, (2) patterning of these features happens within a single working plane and is not applicable to highly curved surfaces, and (3) created features lack anisotropy and spatial variations, such as changes in the size and orientation of geometric features within a given region. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for creating anisotropic patterns of geometric features on free-form surfaces. Complex patterns are generated automatically, such that they conform to the boundary of any specified target region. Furthermore, user input of a small number of geometric features (called “seed features”) of desired size and orientation in preferred locations could be specified within the target domain. These geometric seed features are then transformed into tensors and used as boundary conditions to generate a Riemannian metric tensor field. A form of Laplace's heat equation is used to produce the field over the target domain, subject to specified boundary conditions. The field represents the anisotropic pattern of geometric features. This procedure is implemented as an add-on for a commercial CAD package to add geometric features to a target region of a three-dimensional model using two set operations: union and subtraction. This method facilitates the creation of a complex pattern of hundreds of geometric features in less than 5 min. All the features are accessible from the CAD system, and if required, they are manipulable individually by the user.

Algorithmen-basierte Freiformflächenstrukturierung/Generation of NC programs for the micromilling structuring of free-form surfaces – Algorithm-based free-form surface structuring

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 797-802
Author(s):  
Leonhard Alexander Meijer ◽  
Torben Merhofe ◽  
Timo Platt ◽  
Dirk Biermann
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Surface Structuring ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Free Form Surface ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Free Form Surfaces

In diesem Beitrag wird ein neuer Ansatz zum Erstellen von Maschinenprogrammen zur mikrofrästechnischen Oberflächenstrukturierung vorgestellt und die Anwendung der Prozesskette für ein komplexes, industrielles Verzahnungswerkzeug beschrieben. Durch die Reduzierung des Berechnungsaufwandes in der CAD/CAM (Computer-aided Design & Manufacturing)-Umgebung können die Limitierungen konventioneller Softwarelösungen umgangen und Bearbeitungsprogramme für komplexe Strukturierungsaufgaben effizient erstellt werden.   A new method for generating machine programs for micromilling surface structuring is presented, and the application of the process chain to a complex, industrial gearing die is described. By reducing the computational effort in the CAD/CAM (Computer-aided Design & Manufacturing) environment, the problems of conventional software solutions can be avoided and complex machining programs can be created.

Monte Carlo simulation and analysis of free-form surface registration

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (8) ◽  
pp. 605-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Brujic ◽  
M Ristic
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Surface Registration ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Registration Method ◽  
Free Form Surfaces

Accurate dimensional inspection and error analysis of free-form surfaces requires accurate registration of the component in hand. Registration of surfaces defined as non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) has been realized through an implementation of the iterative closest point method (ICP). The paper presents performance analysis of the ICP registration method using Monte Carlo simulation. A large number of simulations were performed on an example of a precision engineering component, an aero-engine turbine blade, which was judged to possess a useful combination of geometric characteristics such that the results of the analysis had generic significance. Data sets were obtained through CAD (computer aided design)-based inspection. Confidence intervals for estimated transformation parameters, maximum error between a measured point and the nominal surface (which is extremely important for inspection) mean error and several other performance criteria are presented. The influence of shape, number of measured points, measurement noise and some less obvious, but not less important, factors affecting confidence intervals are identified through statistical analysis.

Application of Haptic Navigation to Modify Free-Form Surfaces Through Specified Points and Curves

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatake Higashi ◽  
Nobuaki Aoki ◽  
Takanobu Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Correction Function ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Cardinal Spline ◽  
Trimmed Surface ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Free Form Surfaces ◽  
The Given ◽  
Haptic Sensation

In this paper, we propose a method which modifies free-form surfaces to pass through not only specified points, but also specified curves with the assistance of haptic navigation. Using the method, designers of aesthetic shapes, such as a car body, can manipulate the model of the shape in real-time looking at its stereoscopic image and feeling its haptic sensation as if there were a clay model. The haptic navigation helps designers, letting them capture and recognize the object easily and constraining their operation to the appropriate direction or along the specified geometric element. In addition, the designers can get force feedback proportional to the modification quantity. To obtain a smoothly modified shape, we introduce correction functions to the given surface equations. A correction function distributes the effect of the change over the whole shape or the specified region according to the distance of the point in the normal direction of the given surface. The values of the correction function are 1 at the indicated point and 0 at the boundaries, and the shape is modified to keep the original smoothness. The correction values of the functions at the indicated points are determined to pass through all of them by solving a linear equation. To apply this to the specified curves including boundaries of a trimmed surface, we treat points composing the curve similarly to the point specification by representing them with a Cardinal spline. We have confirmed that the system is effective to manipulate a shape with its feeling and that smooth surfaces are obtained in real time as designers want.

Touch probe radius compensation for coordinate measurement using kriging interpolation

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. R. Mayer ◽  
Y. A. Mir ◽  
F Trochu ◽  
A Vafaeesefat ◽  
M Balazinski
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Probe Radius ◽  
Part Surface ◽  
Probe Radius Compensation ◽  
Normal Vectors ◽  
Radius Compensation ◽  
Free Form Surfaces ◽  
Touch Probe

Obtaining CAD (computer aided design) descriptions of actual parts having complex surfaces is a key part of the process of reverse engineering. This paper is concerned with the estimation of actual surfaces using coordinate measuring machines fitted with a spherically tipped touch probe. In particular, it addresses in detail the problem of probe radius compensation. A general mathematical model, using kriging, is proposed which first generates the initial probe centre surface and then estimates the compensated or part surface. The compensation is achieved using normal vectors to the initial probe centre surface at each measured point to compensate for the probe radius. The method is validated experimentally on known and free-form surfaces.

Development on Shape-Adaptive Compliant Tool System

2013 ◽  
Vol 433-435 ◽  
pp. 2164-2168
Author(s):  
Yun Chuan Zeng ◽  
Jian Ming Zhan ◽  
Yu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Main Principle ◽  
Rotating Sphere ◽  
Servo Mechanism ◽  
Polishing Force ◽  
Spring System ◽  
Five Axis ◽  
Free Form Surfaces

A new shape-adaptive compliant tool system is developed in this essay, which can be effectually integrated with industrial robots and five-axis NC machines. The main principle of the above compliant tool system can be described as follows: a passive servo mechanism of bi-directional rotating sphere hinge, working with the robots to control the tool-path which can meet the requirements of the adaptive capability on free-form surfaces. The normal polishing force could be controlled by the designed linear stepping motor and column helix spring system. The virtual prototyping of the tool system is created in ADAMS, and used to take the simulating experiments on workpieces which have typical free-form surfaces. The experimental results indicate that the tool system developed in this essay performs well on shape-adaptive capacity on free-form surfaces.

scholarly journals Laplacian-based Design: Sketching 3D Shapes

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Sheng ◽  
Enhua Wu
Keyword(s):  
Free Form ◽  
3D Space ◽  
3D Profile ◽  
Free Form Surfaces ◽  
The Given ◽  
2D Sketch ◽  
Laplacian Equations ◽  
3D Shapes ◽  
Minimum Curvature ◽  
3D Surfaces

The sketch-based shape modeling is one of the most challenging and active problems in computer graphics. In this paper, we present an interactive modeling system for generating free-form surfaces using a 2D sketch interface. Since inferring 3D shape from 2D sketches is an one to many function with no unique solution, we propose to interpret the given 2D curve to be the projection of the 3D curve that has minimum curvature among all the candidates in 3D. In this way, firstly, we present an algorithm to efficiently find a close approximation of this minimum curvature 3D space curve. In the second step, our system could identify the 3D surfaces automatically, and then we apply Delaunay triangulation on these surfaces. Finally, the shape of the triangular surface mesh that follows the 3D profile curves is computed using harmonic interpolation by solving Laplacian equations. We present experimental results on various kinds of drawings by the interactive modeler

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