Gas Turbine “Solarization”-Modifications for Solar/Fuel Hybrid Operation

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 872-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uri Fisher ◽  
Chemi Sugarmen ◽  
Arik Ring ◽  
Joseph Sinai
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Solar Fuel ◽  
Hardware Cost ◽  
Power Block

Achieving solar produced electricity at a reasonable price with large utility-size units is a worldwide goal. This can be achieved by high efficiency systems and hardware cost reduction. The ORMAT Brayton cycle solar hybrid gas turbine is a step in this direction. ORMAT took part in several solar projects in which it contributed to the “solarization” of the complete power block. This paper describes the main tasks involved in solarization, and includes experimental test results where helicopter turboshaft gas turbines were used. The paper reviews several solar projects and mainly the SOLGATE project during the years 2001–2003. During 2002–2003 the turbine was operated in Spain, combined with three volumetric receivers. The initial goal of achieving 800°C at the receiver outlet was achieved and is reported on below. The successful tests have encouraged the continuation of work using gas turbines of 10 MW and above, which has already commenced.

High Efficiency Gas Turbine Based Power Cycles—A Study of the Most Promising Solutions: Part 1—A Review of the Technology

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh K. Bhargava ◽  
Michele Bianchi ◽  
Stefano Campanari ◽  
Andrea De Pascale ◽  
Giorgio Negri di Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Molten Carbonate ◽  
Power Cycles

Commercially available gas turbines have been mostly designed based on the simple Brayton cycle and despite the enormous advancements made in their components design, materials technology, blade cooling methods, etc., thermodynamic performance achievable for this simple cycle is limited. Numerous variants to the basic Brayton cycle viz., Recuperated (REC), Inter-Cooled (IC), Re-Heat (RH), steam injected (STIG) and their combinations have been proposed, extensively discussed in the literature since the early stages of gas turbine development and few of them have been successfully implemented. New variants not yet implemented in commercial engines and still in various stages of the development with potential for additional performance improvement are: advanced Steam Injected cycle and its variants (such as Inter-cooled Steam Injected, (ISTIG)), Recuperated Water Injection cycle (RWI), Humidified Air Turbine (HAT) cycle and Cascaded Humidified Advanced Turbine (CHAT) cycle, Brayton cycle with high temperature fuel cells (Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC) and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)) and their combinations with the available modified Brayton cycles. The main objective of this paper (Part 1 of the two-part paper) is to provide a comprehensive review of high performance (with most promising solutions) complex gas turbine cycles, describing their main characteristics, benefits and drawbacks in comparison with the simple Brayton cycle. Detailed parametric thermodynamic cycle analyses for the selected high efficiency cycles under development are presented in Part 2 of this paper.

Development of High Efficiency 5MW Class Gas Turbine the Kawasaki M5A

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Ishihara ◽  
Koji Terauchi ◽  
Takuya Ikeguchi ◽  
Masanori Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Power Application ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Steam Production

Abstract Kawasaki Heavy Industries (KHI) launched the M5A gas turbine with a rated output of 4.7MW and 32.6% of thermal efficiency at ISO operating conditions. This gas turbine was designed for combined heat and power application (CHP) with dry low emission (DLE) and the features are that it is compact and light-weight. It also has high efficiency (highest in class), suitable exhaust temperature for steam production and achieved the lowest level of exhaust emissions by using proven DLE technologies originating from other recent KHI gas turbines. The design philosophy was successfully applied to be based on previous reliable gas turbine structure and materials as well as using the state-of-the-art technology about aerodynamics and the cooling. The in-house verification tests have been conducted since 2016 to confirm design targets for performance, emissions, durability and operability. This paper describes the development process of M5A and includes technical features and validation test results.

Three Spool High Efficiency Small Scale Gas Turbine Concept

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Malkamäki ◽  
Ahti Jaatinen-Värri ◽  
Antti Uusitalo ◽  
Aki Grönman ◽  
Juha Honkatukia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Reciprocating Engines

Decentralized electricity and heat production is a rising trend in small-scale industry. There is a tendency towards more distributed power generation. The decentralized power generation is also pushed forward by the policymakers. Reciprocating engines and gas turbines have an essential role in the global decentralized energy markets and improvements in their electrical efficiency have a substantial impact from the environmental and economic viewpoints. This paper introduces an intercooled and recuperated three stage, three-shaft gas turbine concept in 850 kW electric output range. The gas turbine is optimized for a realistic combination of the turbomachinery efficiencies, the turbine inlet temperature, the compressor specific speeds, the recuperation rate and the pressure ratio. The new gas turbine design is a natural development of the earlier two-spool gas turbine construction and it competes with the efficiencies achieved both with similar size reciprocating engines and large industrial gas turbines used in heat and power generation all over the world and manufactured in large production series. This paper presents a small-scale gas turbine process, which has a simulated electrical efficiency of 48% as well as thermal efficiency of 51% and can compete with reciprocating engines in terms of electrical efficiency at nominal and partial load conditions.

Rolls Royce/Allison 501-K Gas Turbine Anti-Fouling Compressor Coatings Evaluation

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Caguiat
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Performance Degradation ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
Compressor Efficiency

The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD) Gas Turbine Emerging Technologies Code 9334 was tasked by NSWCCD Shipboard Energy Office Code 859 to research and evaluate fouling resistant compressor coatings for Rolls Royce Allison 501-K Series gas turbines. The objective of these tests was to investigate the feasibility of reducing the rate of compressor fouling degradation and associated rate of specific fuel consumption (SFC) increase through the application of anti-fouling coatings. Code 9334 conducted a market investigation and selected coatings that best fit the test objective. The coatings selected were Sermalon for compressor stages 1 and 2 and Sermaflow S4000 for the remaining 12 compressor stages. Both coatings are manufactured by Sermatech International, are intended to substantially decrease blade surface roughness, have inert top layers, and contain an anti-corrosive aluminum-ceramic base coat. Sermalon contains a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) topcoat, a substance similar to Teflon, for added fouling resistance. Tests were conducted at the Philadelphia Land Based Engineering Site (LBES). Testing was first performed on the existing LBES 501-K17 gas turbine, which had a non-coated compressor. The compressor was then replaced by a coated compressor and the test was repeated. The test plan consisted of injecting a known amount of salt solution into the gas turbine inlet while gathering compressor performance degradation and fuel economy data for 0, 500, 1000, and 1250 KW generator load levels. This method facilitated a direct comparison of compressor degradation trends for the coated and non-coated compressors operating with the same turbine section, thereby reducing the number of variables involved. The collected data for turbine inlet, temperature, compressor efficiency, and fuel consumption were plotted as a percentage of the baseline conditions for each compressor. The results of each plot show a decrease in the rates of compressor degradation and SFC increase for the coated compressor compared to the non-coated compressor. Overall test results show that it is feasible to utilize anti-fouling compressor coatings to reduce the rate of specific fuel consumption increase associated with compressor performance degradation.

scholarly journals Biomass Gasification for Gas Turbine Based Power Generation

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Paisley ◽  
Donald Anson
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
The Us ◽  
Power Generation Systems

The Biomass Power Program of the US Department of Energy (DOE) has as a major goal the development of cost-competitive technologies for the production of power from renewable biomass crops. The gasification of biomass provides the potential to meet his goal by efficiently and economically producing a renewable source of a clean gaseous fuel suitable for use in high efficiency gas turbines. This paper discusses the development and first commercial demonstration of the Battelle high-throughput gasification process for power generation systems. Projected process economics are presented along with a description of current experimental operations coupling a gas turbine power generation system to the research scale gasifier and the process scaleup activities in Burlington, Vermont.

scholarly journals Study on the Turbine Vane and Blade for a 1500°C Class Industrial Gas Turbine

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Amagasa ◽  
K. Shimomura ◽  
M. Kadowaki ◽  
K. Takeishi ◽  
H. Kawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
Barrier Coating ◽  
Turbine Vane ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

This paper describes the summary of a three year development program for the 1st stage stationary vane and rotating blade for the next generation, 1500°C Class, high efficiency gas turbine. In such a high temperature gas turbine, the 1st turbine vane and blade are the most important hot parts. Full coverage film cooling (FCFC) is adopted for the cooling scheme, and directionally solidified (DS) nickel base super-alloy and thermal barrier coating (TBC) will be used to prolong the creep and thermal fatigue life. The concept of the cooling configuration, fundamental cascade test results and material test results will be presented.

scholarly journals Reheat and Regenerative Gas Turbines for Feed Water Repowering of Steam Power Plant

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Negri di Montenegro ◽  
M. Gambini ◽  
A. Peretto
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Steam Power Plants

This study is concerned with the repowering of existing steam power plants (SPP) by gas turbine (GT) units. The energy integration between SPP and GT is analyzed taking into particular account the employment of simple and complex cycle gas turbines. With regard to this, three different gas turbine has been considered: simple Brayton cycle, regenerative cycle and reheat cycle. Each of these cycles has been considered for feed water repowering of three different existing steam power plants. Moreover, the energy integration between the above plants has been analyzed taking into account three different assumptions for the SPP off-design conditions. In particular it has been established to keep the nominal value for steam turbine power output or for steam flow-rate at the steam turbine inlet or, finally, for steam flow-rate in the condenser. The numerical analysis has been carried out by the employment of numerical models regarding SPP and GT, developed by the authors. These models have been here properly connected to evaluate the performance of the repowered plants. The results of the investigation have revealed the interest of considering the use of complex cycle gas turbines, especially reheat cycles, for the feed water repowering of steam power plants. It should be taken into account that these energy advantages are determined by a repowering solution, i.e. feed water repowering which, although it is attractive for its simplicity, do not generally allows, with Brayton cycle, a better exploitation of the energy system integration in comparison with other repowering solutions. Besides these energy considerations, an analysis on the effects induced by repowering in the working parameters of existing components is also explained.

Status of the Army Closed-Brayton-Cycle Gas Turbine Program

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Bailey ◽  
Franklin D. Jordan ◽  
Carey A. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
System Development ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Experimental Facility ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
Component Development ◽  
History Of

A very brief history of the Army closed-Brayton-cycle gas turbine program is presented as background for discussion of the status and recent test results at the Advanced Power Conversion Experimental Facility at Fort Belvoir. The APCEF program is intended to emphasize component development in contrast to system development at the Advanced Power Conversion Skid Experiment (APCSE) at San Ramon, Calif. The APCEF is described along with the components being tested, experimental test results are discussed and analyzed, and a preliminary evaluation is presented.

Research and Development of Practical Industrial Cogeneration Technology in Japan

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Abe ◽  
Takashi Sugiura ◽  
Shuji Okunaga ◽  
Katsuhiro Nojima ◽  
Yasukata Tsutsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Resistance To Heat

This paper presents an overview of a development project involving industrial cogeneration technology using 8,000-kW class hybrid gas turbines in which both metal and ceramics are used in parts subject to high temperatures in order to achieve high efficiency and low pollution. The development of hybrid gas turbines focuses mainly on the earlier commercialization of the turbine system. Stationary parts such as combustor liners, transition ducts, and first-stage turbine nozzles (stationary blades) are expected to be fabricated from ceramics. The project aims at developing material for these ceramic parts that will have a superior resistance to heat and oxidation. The project also aims at designing and prototyping a hybrid gas turbine system to analyze the operation in order to improve the performance. Furthermore, the prototyped hybrid gas turbine system will be tested for long-term operation (4,000 hours) to verify that the system can withstand commercialization. Studies will be conducted to ensure that the system’s soundness and reliability are sufficient for industrial cogeneration applications.

Repair of Advanced Gas Turbine Blades

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiner Anton ◽  
Brigitte Heinecke ◽  
Michael Ott ◽  
Rolf Wilkenhoener
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Advanced Technologies

The availability and reliability of gas turbine units are critical for success to gas turbine users. Advanced hot gas path components that are used in state-of-the-art gas turbines have to ensure high efficiency, but require advanced technologies for assessment during maintenance inspections in order to decide whether they should be reused or replaced. Furthermore, advanced repair and refurbishment technologies are vital due to the complex nature of such components (e.g., Directionally Solidified (DS) / Single Crystal (SC) materials, thin wall components, new cooling techniques). Advanced repair technologies are essential to allow cost effective refurbishing while maintaining high reliability, to ensure minimum life cycle cost. This paper will discuss some aspects of Siemens development and implementation of advanced technologies for repair and refurbishment. In particular, the following technologies used by Siemens will be addressed: • Weld restoration; • Braze restoration processes; • Coating; • Re-opening of cooling holes.

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