Modeling of Forces for Drills With Chip-Breaking Grooves

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushanta K. Sahu ◽  
Richard E. DeVor ◽  
Shiv G. Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Forces ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Mechanistic Modeling ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
Chip Breaking ◽  
Twist Drills

In this paper, a mechanistic modeling approach to predicting cutting forces for conical twist drills with chip-breaking grooves has been developed. The model is based on force principles for restricted contact cutting extended to take into account the presence of a groove on the drill rake face. The applicability of the model for arbitrary groove geometries has been ensured by eliminating the use of grooved drills in the calibration process. Four different combinations of groove geometries have been used for validating the model using high speed steel drills and low carbon steel workpiece material. The force predictions from the model were found to be in good agreement with the measured forces. The model was then employed to determine groove orientation and design parameters that minimize cutting forces, subject to the condition that chip breaking is satisfactory.

Study of the Distribution of the Life of HSS Tools

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1044-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Wager ◽  
M. M. Barash
Keyword(s):  
Tool Life ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Life Tests ◽  
Life Predictions

Numerous life tests carried out with high speed steel tools in machining low carbon steel indicate that tool life values are subject to a statistical distribution which can be approximated by the normal distribution with a coefficient of variation of about 0.3. Accelerated and normal tests show similar distribution patterns, which indicates a possibility for a wider use of accelerated tests. The conventionally accepted concepts of tool life “constant” and “exponent” should be considered only as representing statistical mean values which are not sufficient for the prediction of the life of any individual tool put to work. It is recommended that tool life predictions be made on a probabilistic basis, and the desired direction of further studies is indicated.

Mechanistic Force Models for Chip Control Tools

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zhu ◽  
S. G. Kapoor ◽  
R. E. DeVor ◽  
S. M. Athavale
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Mechanistic Modeling ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
Machining Forces ◽  
Cutting Energy ◽  
Friction Energy ◽  
Good Agreement

A mechanistic modeling approach to predicting machining forces for grooved tools is developed. The models are based solely on the grooved tool geometry and the specific normal cutting energy and friction energy for flat tools. Special grooved tools (M2 grade HSS) were designed and fabricated and orthogonal cutting tests were performed to validate the model. The workpiece material used was Al 6061-T6. The force predictions from the model are found in good agreement with the measured forces. The effects of groove design parameters on the cutting forces are also determined.

AISI TYPE M7

Alloy Digest ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tool Steel ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Aisi Type ◽  
End Mills ◽  
The Many ◽  
Twist Drills

Abstract AISI Type M7 is a molybdenum type of high-speed steel. It is somewhat similar to AISI Type M1 tool steel but with higher percentages of carbon and vanadium to provide an improvement over AISI Type M1 in cutting characteristics without a significant loss in toughness. It is suitable for a wide variety of cutting-tool applications where improved resistance to abrasion is required. The many uses of Type M7 include twist drills, end mills, shear blades, punches, milling cutters, lathe tools, taps and reamers. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: TS-483. Producer or source: Tool steel mills. See also Alloy Digest TS-468, January 1987.

TATMO

Alloy Digest ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Twist Drills

Abstract Tatmo is a general-purpose high-speed steel often used in twist drills and taps. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-633. Producer or source: Timken Latrobe Steel.

BÖHLER S705

Alloy Digest ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Twist Drills

Abstract Böhler (or Boehler) S705 is a cobalt alloyed, tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel. Applications include turning and planing tools of all types, milling cutters,taps, twist drills, woodworking tools, and cold work tools. See also Alloy Digest TS-761, April 2019. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on heat treating and machining. Filing Code: TS-776. Producer or source: Voestalpine BÖHLER Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG.

Aluminum nitride buffer layer for diamond film growth

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1810-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Godbole ◽  
J. Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Diamond Film ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Steel Substrates

The role of aluminum nitride (AlN) as a buffer layer on the nucleation and growth of diamond on silicon and steel substrates during hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HF-CVD) has been investigated systematically. The scanning Auger electron microscopy (AES) is employed to study chemistry and content of carbon on the surface and in subsurface regions of AlN as a function of HF-CVD parameters. It is found that AlN offers an excellent diffusion barrier for carbon over a wide range of temperature and hydrocarbon content of CVD gas environment, with simultaneous inhibition of graphitization. It also facilitates nucleation of diamond phase. The surface reactions between AlN and carbon are discussed in terms of hydrogen-assisted phase transformations. We have developed a two-step procedure to obtain a continuous diamond film on steel substrates. The characteristic features of AlN have been exploited to obtain adherent and graphite-free diamond deposits on various types of steels, including low carbon steel, tool steel, high speed steel, and bearing steel.

Predicting the Effects of Cold Working on the Machining Characteristics of Low Carbon Steels

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Kopalinsky ◽  
P. L. B. Oxley
Keyword(s):  
Flow Stress ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Cold Working ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Steel Work ◽  
Machining Characteristics

Experiments show that the cold working of low carbon steel work materials can improve their machinability by reducing cutting forces and improving surface finish and tool life. The somewhat paradoxical result of reducing cutting forces by cold working a material so that its hardness is increased is explained in this paper by using a machining theory which takes account of the flow stress properties of the work material and can thus allow for the effects of cold working.

scholarly journals Stability analysis for a single-point cutting tool deflection in turning operation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 168781401985318
Author(s):  
Amon Gasagara ◽  
Wuyin Jin ◽  
Angelique Uwimbabazi
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Forces ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Beam Model ◽  
Tool Deflection

In this article, a new model of regenerative vibrations due to the deflection of the cutting tool in turning is proposed. The previous study reported chatter as a result of cutting a wavy surface of the previous cut. The proposed model takes into account cutting forces as the main factor of tool deflection. A cantilever beam model is used to establish a numerical model of the tool deflection. Three-dimensional finite element method is used to estimate the tool permissible deflection under the action of the cutting load. To analyze the system dynamic behavior, 1-degree-of-freedom model is used. MATLAB is used to compute the system time series from the initial value using fourth-order Runge–Kutta numerical integration. A straight hard turning with minimal fluid application experiment is used to obtain cutting forces under stable and chatter conditions. A single-point cutting tool made from high-speed steel is used for cutting. Experiment results showed that for the cutting parameters above 0.1mm/rev feed and [Formula: see text]mm depth of cut, the system develops fluctuations and higher chatter vibration frequency. Dynamic model vibration results showed that the cutting tool deflection induces chatter vibrations which transit from periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic type.

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