Fluid-Dynamic Analysis and Optimization of the Quenching Process for Hardening of Change-Speed Gears Using DOE–ANOVA Method

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo M. Congedo ◽  
Antonio Ficarella ◽  
Domenico Laforgia
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Dynamic Calculation ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Performance Indexes ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Geometry Configuration

This investigation deals with the fluid-dynamic behavior of the hardening process for change-speed gears, where a Nitrogen high pressure flow is used for quenching. At the end of the process, the gears showed a high planarity error due to a slow and non-homogeneous cooling process. A detailed fluid-dynamic calculation was performed to identify some possible technical improvements, such as varying some design parameters including the geometry configuration of the quenching chamber and the operating conditions. Three performance indexes have been defined to synthesize the quality of the hardening process and their trends have been evaluated as a function of the design and operative configuration by a DOE–ANOVA statistical analysis to obtain the best configuration.

scholarly journals Optimization of Parameters and Operating Modes of Disc Sowing Device According to Seeding Uniformity Criterion

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Ovchinnikov ◽  
Mikhail N. Chatkin ◽  
Alena V. Ovchinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Uniformity Criterion

Introduction. When cultivating agricultural crops, it is necessary to take into account the plants’ need for moisture, nutrients, location by area of nutrition, determining illumination, etc. Taking into account the biological characteristics of crops, various methods of sowing are used to create favorable conditions for plant growth and development. An important condition for sowing is the uniform arrangement of seeds along the sulcus, especially in the cultivation of testes of small-seeded cultures. A key role in the uniformity of seeding is provided by the design parameters and kinematic operating conditions of the sowing device. Materials and Methods. To determine the optimal parameters and operating modes of the disk sowing device, methods of factor experiment and multi-criteria optimization were used. Results. Mathematical models of the technological process of sowing seeds were obtained based of experimental studies. Conclusions. To ensure the improvement of the seeding quality of small seeds, the design parameters of the experimental seeder: х4 – is the diameter of the cell; х5 – the number of cells on the disk, will tend to the maximum values. The optimum circumferential speed of the sowing disk should be in the range from 0.127 to 0.192 m/s, and the speed of the machine’s movement is no more than 2 m/s.

scholarly journals Optimization of Design and Technology of Injector Nozzles in Terms of Minimizing Energy Losses on Friction in Compression Ignition Engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7341
Author(s):  
Jan Monieta ◽  
Lech Kasyk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Condition ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Technical State ◽  
Design And Technology ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Injection Apparatus

The operation of injection apparatus in self-ignition engines results from the design, manufacturing technology and wear and tear during operation. The technical state of the injector apparatus significantly affects the engine performance, fuel consumption, toxicity and smoke opacity of outlet gases. The most unreliable element of the injection apparatus is the injector nozzle, the quality of which depends on the quality of construction and production, operating conditions and the of the fuels used, etc. One of the design parameters of the injector nozzles, determining the technical state is the geometry of the nozzle holes. An attempt was made to optimize the selection of the dimensions and surface condition of the spray holes to significantly affect the flow properties of the injector nozzles and, consequently, to decide on the size and form of fuel dosed streams to individual cylinders of a self-ignition engine and the quality of fuel atomization. In work, a simulation model was developed, and the pressure losses and the mass fluid of the injected fuel were minimized for selected significant geometric features, taking into account the influence of operating conditions. With the use of Mathematica software, simulation optimization methods and methods based on evolutionary algorithms were elaborated.

scholarly journals POROUS CONSTRUCTIONS OF WATER INTAKE STRUCTURES

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
V. Progulny ◽  
◽  
N. Hurinchyk ◽  
I. Grachov ◽  
K. Borysenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hydraulic Calculation ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Polymer Concrete

Abstract. Water intake is an essential element of the water supply complex, normal operation of which depends on the quality of the water delivered to the consumer. Therefore, the water supply system should be effectively protected from various contaminants from the source, ice slurries, and juvenile fish. The authors analyze the operation of existing coarse screen devices in channel water intakes; identify their main disadvantages, such as: mechanical jamming (clogging) of the screen holes with debris, leading to its failure and the need to replace, as well as the laborious cleaning and the high cost of screen materials. The article notes that during operation there is an increase in the pressure drop affecting the screen due to the accumulation of a large amount of contaminants on its surface, which could lead to a throughput and a significant amount of pollution. To improve the quality of filtered water and operating conditions, the authors proposed to provide porous pipes installation instead of flat removable screens in the receiving section of the intake well. The material for their manufacture is a polymer concrete, based on crushed granite stones or gravel and a polymer binder – epoxy resin. The article shows the scheme of intake well pipes installation, describes the principle of the proposed design, shows a graph obtained as a result of hydraulic calculation. This design has a number of advantages over flat screens: automation of flushing, less clogging, greater throughput, lack of biofouling, high strength characteristics, low hydraulic resistance and durability. A porous polymer concrete-based structure, which is a pipe system that increases the reliability of water intakes, improves the quality of the water taken from the source and the conditions of operation, has been proposed. The method of hydraulic calculation of porous pipes makes it possible to optimize their design parameters, to determine the diameter and pressure loss in them, which is very important when designing water intakes. The aim of further research is to study the dynamics and degree of porous devices clogging by suspension at different concentrations in natural water.

Design Optimization of a Wearable Artificial Pump-Lung Device With Computational Modeling

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ertan Taskin ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Katharine H. Fraser ◽  
Bartley P. Griffith ◽  
Zhongjun J. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Centrifugal Impeller ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Support

The heart-lung machine has commonly been used to replace the functions of both the heart and lungs during open heart surgeries or implemented as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to provide cardiopulmonary support of the heart and lungs. The traditional heart-lung system consists of multiple components and is bulky. It can only be used for relatively short-term support. The concept of the wearable artificial pump-lung is to combine the functions of the blood pumping and gas transfer in a single, compact unit for cardiopulmonary or respiratory support for patients suffering from cardiac failure or respiratory failure, or both, and to allow patients to be ambulatory. To this end, a wearable artificial lung (APL) device is being developed by integrating a magnetically levitated centrifugal impeller with a hollow fiber membrane bundle. In this study, we utilized a computational fluid dynamics based performance optimization with a heuristic scheme to derive geometrical design parameters for the wearable APL device. The configuration and dimensions of the impeller and the diffuser, the required surface area of fiber membranes and the overall geometrical dimensions of the blood flow path of the APL device were considered. The design optimization was iterated based on the fluid dynamic objective parameters (pressure head, pressure distribution, axial force acting on the impeller, shear stress), blood damage potential (hemolysis and platelet activation), and mass transfer (oxygen partial pressure and saturation). Through the design optimization, an optimized APL device was computationally derived. A physical prototype of the designed APL device was fabricated and tested in vitro. The experimental data showed that the optimized APL can provide adequate blood pumping and oxygen transfer over the range of intended operating conditions.

Tertiary Nitrification Pilot Plants on Parisian Waste Water

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Paffoni ◽  
B. Védry ◽  
M. Gousailles
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Daily Output ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors

The Paris Metropolitan area, which contains over eight million inhabitants, has a daily output of about 3 M cu.meters of wastewater, the purification of which is achieved by SIAAP (Paris Metropolitan Area Sewage Service) in both Achères and Valenton plants. The carbon pollution is eliminated from over 2 M cu.m/day at Achères. In order to improve the quality of output water, its tertiary nitrification in fixed-bed reactors has been contemplated. The BIOFOR (Degremont) and BIOCARBONE (OTV) processes could be tested in semi-industrial pilot reactors at the CRITER research center of SIAAP. At a reference temperature of 13°C, the removed load is approximately 0.5 kg N NH4/m3.day. From a practical point of view, it may be asserted that in such operating conditions as should be at the Achères plant, one cubic meter of filter can handle the tertiary nitification of one cubic meter of purified water per hour at an effluent temperature of 13°C.

Relationships between Population Dynamics and Operating Parameters in an Activated Sludge-Plant by Statistical Analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 399-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cingolani ◽  
M. Cossignani ◽  
R. Miliani
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Aerobic Treatment

Statistical analyses were applied to data from a series of 38 samples collected in an aerobic treatment plant from November 1989 to December 1990. Relationships between microfauna structure and plant operating conditions were found. Amount and quality of microfauna groups and species found in activated sludge proved useful to suggest the possible causes of disfunctions.

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