scholarly journals Microscale pumping technologies for microchannel cooling systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Singhal, ◽  
Suresh V Garimella, ◽  
Arvind Raman
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Actuation Voltage ◽  
Electronics Cooling ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Microchannel Cooling

A review of the state of the art in micropumping technologies for driving fluid through microchannels is presented with a particular emphasis on small-scale cooling applications. An extensive variety of micropumping techniques developed over the past fifteen years in the literature is reviewed. The physical principles, engineering limitations, and advantages of approximately twenty different kinds of micropumps are reviewed. The available micropumping techniques are compared quantitatively, primarily in terms of the maximum achievable flow rate per unit cross-sectional area of the microchannel and the maximum achievable back pressure. A concise table is developed to facilitate the convenient comparison of the micropumps based on different criteria including their miniaturization potential, size (in-plane and out-of-plane), actuation voltage and power required per unit flow rate, ease and cost of fabrication, minimum and maximum frequency of operation, and suitability for electronics cooling. Some important performance characteristics of the micropumps, which are likely to be decisive for specific applications, are also discussed. The current state of the art in micropump design and fabrication is also comprehensively reviewed. There are 171 references cited in this review article.

scholarly journals Characterization and Design Improvement of a Thickness-Shear Lead Zirconate Titanate Transducer for Low Frequency Ultrasonic Guided Wave Applications

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Zennaro ◽  
Dan J. O’Boy ◽  
Premesh Shehan Lowe ◽  
Tat-Hean Gan
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Propagation Direction ◽  
Geometric Feature ◽  
Complex Signal ◽  
Current State ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Shear Horizontal ◽  
Thickness Shear

Thickness-shear transducers for guided wave testing have been used in industry for over two decades and much research has been conducted to improve the resolution and sensitivity. Due to a geometric feature of the current state-of-the art transducer, there is an out-of-plane component in the propagation direction of the fundamental shear horizontal mode which complicates the signal interpretation. In such case, complex signal processing techniques need to be used for mode discrimination to assess the structural health with higher precision. Therefore, it is important to revise the transducer design to eliminate the out-of-plane components in the propagation direction of fundamental shear horizontal mode. This will enhance the mode purity of fundamental shear horizontal mode for its application in guided wave inspection. A numerical investigation has been conducted on a 3 mm thick 2 m circular steel plate to understand the behaviour and the characteristics of the state-of-the-art thickness-shear transducer. Based on the results, it is noted that the redesigning the electrode arrangement will suppress the out-of-plane components on the propagation direction of the fundamental shear horizontal mode. With the aid of this information current state-of-the-art transducers were redesigned and tested in laboratory conditions using the 3D Laser Doppler Vibrometer. This information will aid future transducer designers improve the resolution of thickness-shear transducers for guided wave applications and reduce the weight and cost of transducer array by eliminating the need of additional transducers to suppress spurious modes.

scholarly journals Be Yourself and Behave Appropriately: Exploring Associations Between Incongruent Personality States and Positive Affect, Tiredness, and Cognitive Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Kritzler ◽  
Maike Luhmann
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Current State ◽  
A Minor

Personality traits describe how people typically think, feel, and behave, and personality states describe how people think, feel, and behave in a given moment. In their daily lives, people often behave the way they typically do (they enact trait-congruent personality states), but occasionally behave differently from how they typically do (trait-incongruent personality states). Several theories propose that such incongruent personality states should be associated with undesirable outcomes such as less positive affect or more tiredness, but the current state of evidence is inconclusive and mostly based on one only personality dimension: extraversion. In this study, we contribute to filling important gaps in the literature by examining congruence of personality dimensions other than extraversion, considering characteristics of the situation, and modeling congruence with state-of-the-art response surface analyses. We aimed to manipulate perceived adversity and deception of the situation as well as state honesty-humility and state agreeableness in a prisoner’s dilemma paradigm. However, the manipulations had unexpected effects and were therefore considered unsuccessful. The study thus emphasized the difficulty of manipulating personality states, situation characteristics, and congruence in general. In pre-registered cross-sectional response surface analyses and specification curve analyses, we then examined how trait–state congruence and state–situation congruence were associated with cognitive performance in a numerical Stroop task, positive affect, and tiredness. Neither trait–state congruence nor state–situation congruence were associated with positive affect, tiredness, or cognitive performance. Overall, we therefore concluded that congruence may—if at all—only play a minor role in the associations between personality states and relevant outcomes.

scholarly journals Stereo Digital Image Correlation in MATLAB

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4904
Author(s):  
Devan Atkinson ◽  
Thorsten Hermann Becker
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Educational Resource ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Current State ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Novel Applications

Digital Image Correlation (DIC) has found widespread use in measuring full-field displacements and deformations experienced by a body from images captured of it. Stereo-DIC has received significantly more attention than two-dimensional (2D) DIC since it can account for out-of-plane displacements. Although many aspects of Stereo-DIC that are shared in common with 2D DIC are well documented, there is a lack of resources that cover the theory of Stereo-DIC. Furthermore, publications which do detail aspects of the theory do not detail its implementation in practice. This literature gap makes it difficult for newcomers to the field of DIC to gain a deep understanding of the Stereo-DIC process, although this knowledge is necessary to contribute to the development of the field by either furthering its capabilities or adapting it for novel applications. This gap in literature acts as a barrier thereby limiting the development rate of Stereo-DIC. This paper attempts to address this by presenting the theory of a subset-based Stereo-DIC framework that is predominantly consistent with the current state-of-the-art. The framework is implemented in practice as a 202 line MATLAB code. Validation of the framework shows that it performs on par with well-established Stereo-DIC algorithms, indicating it is sufficiently reliable for practical use. Although the framework is designed to serve as an educational resource, its modularity and validation make it attractive as a means to further the capabilities of DIC.

scholarly journals Unit Nonresponse and Weighting Adjustments: A Critical Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michael Brick
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Nonresponse Bias ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unit Nonresponse ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Current State ◽  
Response Propensity ◽  
Weighting Adjustments

Abstract This article reviews unit nonresponse in cross-sectional household surveys, the consequences of the nonresponse on the bias of the estimates, and methods of adjusting for it. We describe the development of models for nonresponse bias and their utility, with particular emphasis on the role of response propensity modeling and its assumptions. The article explores the close connection between data collection protocols, estimation strategies, and the resulting nonresponse bias in the estimates. We conclude with some comments on the current state of the art and the need for future developments that expand our understanding of the response phenomenon.

scholarly journals Alexithymia and physical outcomes in psychosomatic subjects: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Liam Myles ◽  
Emanuele Merlo
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Current State ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Physical Outcomes

Backgrounds. Alexithymia is a relevant phenomenon, occurring transversally to healthy subjects and individuals affected by several conditions. Its role is considerable, according to current state of the art several conditions emerged as influenced, maintained and worsened by alexithymic structures and figures. The present study was aimed at highlighting the existing relations, the differences and the directions assumed by alexithymic factors and health status in patients affected by psychosomatic conditions. Methods. The sample consisted of 150 participants, 42 males (28.0%) and 108 females (72.0%), aged 26 to 78 years old with a mean of 42.24 years old (SD = 12.39). Subjects were previously assessed through DCPR-SI, in order to identify psychosomatic issues. The study evaluated measures related to alexithymia (Tas-20) and health status (SF-36), and considered demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and education. Results and Conclusions. The analyses demonstrated a number of significant relationships between alexithymia, psychological outcomes, and physical outcomes, including psychosomatic disorders. In addition, sex differences were found in gastrointestinal outcomes, as well as outcomes related to energy/fatigue and physical functioning. The study of alexithymia may provide a fruitful approach in understanding various issues related to pathology and general health. Further studies are needed to expand the understanding of alexithymia to other groups and health-related outcomes.

Behavioral Genetics: Concepts for Research and Practice in Language Development and Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Gilger
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Behavioral Genetic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Designs

This paper is an introduction to behavioral genetics for researchers and practioners in language development and disorders. The specific aims are to illustrate some essential concepts and to show how behavioral genetic research can be applied to the language sciences. Past genetic research on language-related traits has tended to focus on simple etiology (i.e., the heritability or familiality of language skills). The current state of the art, however, suggests that great promise lies in addressing more complex questions through behavioral genetic paradigms. In terms of future goals it is suggested that: (a) more behavioral genetic work of all types should be done—including replications and expansions of preliminary studies already in print; (b) work should focus on fine-grained, theory-based phenotypes with research designs that can address complex questions in language development; and (c) work in this area should utilize a variety of samples and methods (e.g., twin and family samples, heritability and segregation analyses, linkage and association tests, etc.).

State-of-the-art pulmonary arterial imaging – Part 2

VASA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Goerne ◽  
Abhishek Chaturvedi ◽  
Sasan Partovi ◽  
Prabhakar Rajiah
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Therapy Monitoring ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Arterial Imaging

Abstract. Although pulmonary embolism is the most common abnormality of the pulmonary artery, there is a broad spectrum of other congenital and acquired pulmonary arterial abnormalities. Multiple imaging modalities are now available to evaluate these abnormalities of the pulmonary arteries. CT and MRI are the most commonly used cross-sectional imaging modalities that provide comprehensive information on several aspects of these abnormalities, including morphology, function, risk-stratification and therapy-monitoring. In this article, we review the role of state-of-the-art pulmonary arterial imaging in the evaluation of non-thromboembolic disorders of pulmonary artery.

Schizophrenia Research: Current State of the Art

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 497-498
Author(s):  
STANLEY GRAND
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current State

Umbral Calculus

10.37236/24 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Bucchianico ◽  
D. Loeb
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Finite Differences ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Umbral Calculus ◽  
Current State ◽  
Logical Foundation ◽  
Complete Bibliography ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Mathematical Literature

We survey the mathematical literature on umbral calculus (otherwise known as the calculus of finite differences) from its roots in the 19th century (and earlier) as a set of “magic rules” for lowering and raising indices, through its rebirth in the 1970’s as Rota’s school set it on a firm logical foundation using operator methods, to the current state of the art with numerous generalizations and applications. The survey itself is complemented by a fairly complete bibliography (over 500 references) which we expect to update regularly.

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