Simulation of a Solar Stirling Engine Operating Under Various Weather Conditions on Mars

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 812-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorel Badescu
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Stirling Engine ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Stirling Engines ◽  
Pv Cell ◽  
Autumn And Winter

A solar stirling engine based on a horizontal selective flat-plate converter is analyzed in this work. A detailed model for the heat losses towards the atmosphere is presented. The engine’s output power is maximised numerically. The analysis is based on meteorological data measured at Viking Landers sites during clear sky and dust storm conditions. All the computations were performed for a solar collection area similar in size with that of Mars Pathfinder’s Sojourner. The efficiency of converting solar energy into mechanical work at noon is as high as 18%. The power provided by the engine is as high as 16 W during autumn and winter. These results suggest that under the Martian environment the performance of properly designed solar Stirling engines is comparable with that of PV cell power systems.

scholarly journals Stirling engines - the state of technology development and computational models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Furmanek ◽  
Jacek Kropiwnicki
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Stirling Engine ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Stirling Engines

Stirling engines represent a technologically important solution in combined heat and power systems. Their use enables the achievement of over 90 percent efficiency in the management of the primary energy source with a very high durability of the device, mainly due to the lack of contact of the working gas with external factors and a very small number of mechanical components. The use of a Stirling engine may be equally important when applying renewable energy sources or waste heat from other processes. The first part of the work presents an overview of available commercial Stirling engine solutions. The second part of the work presents an overview of numerical models of Stirling engine operation, which enable the correct selection of the main geometrical features of the devices and the improvement of the structure in order to maximize efficiency or power.

Performance Analysis of PEMFC Based Grid-connected Distributed Generation System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Nabi AKPOLAT ◽  
Erkan Dursun
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Generation System

Abstract Background: Less energy consumption and more efficient use of fossil-fueled technologies are among the sustainable energy targets of modern societies. The essential activities to be achieved under these objectives are to increase the distributed generation structures and increase their applicability. The distributed generation (DG) is a small-scale version of the traditional power grid, which is supported by micro turbines, hydrogen fuel cells, wind turbines, photovoltaic (PV) modules, combine heat and power systems, and energy storage units. Methods: The aim of this research is to detail performance analyze and unit sizing of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)-based grid-connected distributed generation system with the help of empirical calculations. To this end, we tried to establish the system and analyze the performance of reliable operation of the system with experimental verifications.Results and Conclusions: The results demonstrate the situation of annual production about how much rated power can be generated through the real meteorological data to dispatch the power to the constant variable loads. While, 53.56% of the total energy demand is met by the utility grid, 46.44% of the demand is met by the produced energy i.e., from microgrid. The PEMFC based hybrid microgrid at Marmara University, Faculty of Technology was analyzed in detail in this study. According to the results of the performance analysis, the important points that will be highlighted and will help the researchers working in this field are as follows. Our results are encouraging and can be validated by a larger sample size with the fine weather conditions in terms of the percentage of procurement of energy.

scholarly journals Validation and Optimisation of Common Clear Sky Models with a use case for North-East Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Svetlozar Kirilov Zahariev
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Identification Algorithm ◽  
Genetic Optimization ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
North East ◽  
Data Redistribution ◽  
Overall Performance

One of the most significant error contributors to preliminary design tools for Photovoltaic power systems is related to the simple parametric Clear Sky models. Therefore, this paper focuses on providing a methodology and a more sophisticated open-source tool for 3 commonly used Clear Sky models. This includes all relevant steps involved in the process - from filtering the raw meteorological data, identification of Clear Sky regions, data redistribution to genetic optimization of selected model parameter, etc.use case is built upon a multiyear dataset obtained from TU Varna meteorological station between 2012-2016. A significantly higher density distribution of Clear sky segments was identified during the summer through the Clear Sky Identification algorithm. To avoid the risk of overfitting the models to purely summer months and poor model fits in winter months, which was found to be the case with the legacy model, the underrepresented clear sky regions (based on θ) were replicated until uniform distribution is attained.  Subsequently, a genetic optimization was applied to selected parameters in the Clear Sky algorithms and the updated models showed a significant improvement in low winter months (θ) and even overall performance boost RMSE / MAE /R2. Furthermore, such validations and optimizations are recommended prior to any design or real-time PV-system analysis for the specific location.

Submarine Power Systems Using the V4-275R Stirling Engine

1988 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Stirling Engine ◽  
Oxygen Storage ◽  
Liquid Oxygen ◽  
Power Module ◽  
Oxygen System ◽  
Stirling Engines ◽  
Engine System ◽  
Total Capacity

The Stirling power module V4-275R, integrated with a liquid oxygen system, is currently built for submarines for the Royal Swedish Navy and for the offshore company Comex in France. Since mid 1985 the Stirling engine system for the Swedish Navy has been successfully tested in a full-scale submarine test section. The next step in this programme will be an integration of the Stirling system into an operational Swedish submarine. A contract has been signed having Kockums as the main contractor. The French programme means a 500 ton manned diver lock-out submarine, the SAGA I, which is under final construction at Comex in Marseille. The energy system for the SAGA submarine consists of two V4–275R Stirling engines of maximum 100 kW power each. The oxygen storage, manufactured by AGA Cryo in Gothenburg, consists of two liquid oxygen tanks providing a total capacity of 10000 kWh, allowing the submarine to perform missions of up to 14 days submerged.

Numerical Study of Regenerator Configuration in the Design of a Stirling Engine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C. Ferreira ◽  
Senhorinha Teixeira ◽  
Manuel L. Nunes ◽  
Luís B. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Stirling Engine ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Stirling Engines

The sustainable development involves the rational use of energy, by satisfying energy demands without compromising the safety of future supply. The use of renewable energy sources together with combined heat and power systems is currently considered a priority in Europe. The market trends are evolving to decentralized energy conversion with the increasing replacement of boilers and other conventional systems by small and micro-scale cogeneration units, able to produce the same amounts of useful energies. Micro scale cogeneration systems have been developed as ideal solutions to meet the energy needs for the building sector. These technologies, which include the Stirling engines, allow the production of high quality electricity and heat, efficiently and close to the final point of use. Stirling engines seem to be a good alternative for residential energy conversion. The main objective of this paper is to study alternative configurations for the regenerator of an alpha Stirling engine and evaluate the overall performance of the system. Numerical simulations were performed via a MatLab® code that includes the thermodynamic cycle analysis accounting for the effects of non-ideal heat exchangers and pumping losses. Based on a previously developed costing methodology, the investment purchase cost for each configuration is also estimated. Results showed that, for mean pressure values above 30 bar, the Stirling engine efficiency is higher for a regenerator with a wired mesh matrix rather than with a wrapped foil matrix. This is due both to better heat transfer and to lower pumping losses with the wired mesh configuration. The capital cost of the system was calculated and showed that the heater and the engine bulk are the most expensive components.

scholarly journals Estimations of Global Horizontal Irradiance and Direct Normal Irradiance by Using Fengyun-4A Satellite Data in Northern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyu Jia ◽  
Jiajia Hua ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Yitao Guo ◽  
Hong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Direct Normal Irradiance ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Accurate solar radiation estimation is very important for solar energy systems and is a precondition of solar energy utilization. Due to the rapid development of new energy sources, the demand for surface solar radiation estimation and observation has grown. Due to the scarcity of surface radiation observations, high-precision remote sensing data are trying to fill this gap. In this paper, a global solar irradiance estimation method (in different months, seasons, and weather conditions), using data from the advanced geosynchronous radiation imager (AGRI) sensor onboard the FengYun-4A satellite with cloud index methodology (CSD-SI), was tested. It was found that the FengYun-4A satellite data could be used to calculate the clear sky index through the Heliosat-2 method. Combined with McClear, the global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and the direct normal irradiance (DNI) in northeast China could be accurately obtained. The estimated GHI accuracy under clear sky was slightly affected by the seasons and the normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) values (in four sites) were higher in summer and autumn (including all weather conditions). Compared to the estimated GHI, the estimated DNI was less accurate. It was found that the estimated DNI in October had the best performance. In the meantime, the nRMSE, the normalized mean absolute error (nMAE), and the normalized mean bias error (nMBE) of Zhangbei were 35.152%, 27.145%, and −8.283%, while for Chengde, they were 43.150%, 28.822%, and −13.017%, respectively. In addition, the estimated DNI at ground level was significantly higher than the actual observed value in autumn and winter. Considering that the error mainly came from the overestimation of McClear, a new DNI radiation algorithm during autumn and winter is proposed for northern China. After applying the new algorithm, the nRMSE decreased from 49.324% to 48.226% for Chengde and from 48.342% to 41.631% for Zhangbei. Similarly, the nMBE decreased from −32.351% to −18.823% for Zhangbei and from −26.211% to −9.107% for Chengde.

scholarly journals Rain Erosion Maps for Wind Turbines Based on Geographical Locations: A Case Study in Ireland and Britain

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pugh ◽  
M. M. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
The Uk

AbstractErosion rates of wind turbine blades are not constant, and they depend on many external factors including meteorological differences relating to global weather patterns. In order to track the degradation of the turbine blades, it is important to analyse the distribution and change in weather conditions across the country. This case study addresses rainfall in Western Europe using the UK and Ireland data to create a relationship between the erosion rate of wind turbine blades and rainfall for both countries. In order to match the appropriate erosion data to the meteorological data, 2 months of the annual rainfall were chosen, and the differences were analysed. The month of highest rain, January and month of least rain, May were selected for the study. The two variables were then combined with other data including hailstorm events and locations of wind turbine farms to create a general overview of erosion with relation to wind turbine blades.

Stirling Engine Technology for Parabolic Dish-Stirling System Based on Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

2015 ◽  
Vol 785 ◽  
pp. 576-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liaw Geok Pheng ◽  
Rosnani Affandi ◽  
Mohd Ruddin Ab Ghani ◽  
Chin Kim Gan ◽  
Jano Zanariah
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Stirling Engine ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
Stirling Engines ◽  
Parabolic Dish ◽  
Mechanical Devices ◽  
And Control

Solar energy is one of the more attractive renewable energy sources that can be used as an input energy source for heat engines. In fact, any heat energy sources can be used with the Stirling engine. Stirling engines are mechanical devices working theoretically on the Stirling cycle, or its modifications, in which compressible fluids, such as air, hydrogen, helium, nitrogen or even vapors, are used as working fluids. When comparing with the internal combustion engine, the Stirling engine offers possibility for having high efficiency engine with less exhaust emissions. However, this paper analyzes the basic background of Stirling engine and reviews its existing literature pertaining to dynamic model and control system for parabolic dish-stirling (PD) system.

Statistical Analysis of Weather Effects on PM2.5

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1033-1040
Author(s):  
Wei Dai ◽  
Jia Qi Gao ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Feng Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Statistical Distribution ◽  
Weather Effects

Effects of weather conditions including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind and direction on PM2.5 were studied using statistical methods. PM2.5 samples were collected during the summer and the winter in a suburb of Shenzhen. Then, correlations, hypothesis test and statistical distribution of PM2.5 and meteorological data were analyzed with IBM SPSS predictive analytics software. Seasonal and daily variations of PM2.5 have been found and these mainly resulted from the weather effects.

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